Camden voiced the patriotic sentiment which dominated the service of these German patriots. Dying, he said to a British officer: “I thank you for your generous sympathy, but I die the death of a soldier fighting for the rights of man."

After the Revolution of 1848 there was a notable influx from Germany of men of distinguished talent and noble character whose lives have made a permanent impression upon the Nation. I could not without risk of unintentional omission, which might be construed as showing lack of appreciation, attempt to mention all whose advent at this time enriched the country. But I may refer to one, the soldier and the statesman, the journalist and the author, ever true to the cause which he espoused in his youth, a leader whose civic courage never failed him, and who through a long life was conspicuous even more for his purity of purpose than for his distinguished achievements, whose name will ever be honored among us-Carl Schurz. German immigration during the middle of the last century spready largely through the Middle West. Those who had struggled for liberty at home gave themselves freely to the service of the Nation. Missouri, Ohio, Missouri, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Wisconsin, and Kansas have special reason to be proud of the patriotism of their German citizens. Schurz, Sigel, Bohlen, Hartranft, Koltes, Wagner, and Korner may be mentioned as among those whose efforts added honor to the German name.

But we honor to-day not merely German valor, but the spirit which made that valor possible, and those qualities which in peace as well as in war have aided in the development of our National greatness. In education, in journalism, in the professions of medicine and law, in trade and commerce, in every department of activity, and every sphere of philanthropy, our citizens of German birth or descent furnish constant examples of notable effort and of the highest achievement. We can not write any chapter of the history of American endeavor without doing them honor. But on this occasion when we are gathered to set apart a memorial of a soldier's service, I would emphasize our appreciation of the patriotism of our citizens of German origin and their unreserved devotion to our National ideals.

This is our common country. Whatever the abode of our ancestors, this is our home and will be the home of our children, and in our love for our institutions, and in our desire to

maintain the standards of civic conduct which are essential to their perpetuity, we recognize no difference in race or creed - we stand united, a contented people rejoicing in the privileges and determined to meet the responsibilities of American citizenship.

XIII.

Address at the Charity Organization Society, Carnegie Hall, New York City, November 19, 1907.

It is a great pleasure to join in the welldeserved congratulations that are appropriate to this occasion. In the extraordinary development of our country during the past twentyfive years, nothing has been more marked than the growth, in extent and intelligence, of philanthropic endeavor. And in taking account of these efforts there is probably no one agency to which higher praise should be accorded than to the Charity Organization Society.

Its ministry of relief has had a wide scope. It would be difficult indeed to measure the value of its direct beneficence. Upon a large scale it has been a distributor of alms. In countless cases it has brought succor to the distressed. It has helped men to help themselves. It has been unremitting in its work of

investigating cases of need and of providing suitable measures of relief.

But in a larger view, its greater service has consisted in its organization of effort and its employment for philanthropic purposes of the scientific method. It has sought to minimize the waste incident to indiscriminate almsgiving, and to correlate the forces of benevolence so as to secure the maximum results. How much good purpose fails of important result through lack of relation! And if we are to accomplish anything of permanent value in our efforts to uplift our fellow men it must be wrought through such organized, systematic, and well-directed effort as has characterized this Society.

It is significant that this anniversary should be made the occasion of a conference on The Betterment of Living Conditions. This implies no departure from the Society's aim. We have too long dealt with effects, leaving baleful causes to operate unchecked. This Society is a thorough agent of democracy, seeking not merely to apply balm to the bruises of life, but to eliminate the causes of unnecessary injury.

For we have but little of the true democratic spirit if we seek merely freedom of