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which the same captives had instructed them, they began to

construct.

4. There were in this legion very brave men, as centurions. Titus Pulfio, and Lucius Varenus, who had now nearly arrived at the highest rank. These perpetual quarrels, had between themselves, who should be preferred, and every year with great eagerness contended for precedence. Pulfio, while the battle was raging before the rampart, addressing Varenus, said, what better place than this for proving your valour? this, this day respecting our contests shall decide. He leaped from the fortifications, when he had said these words, and rushed into the midst of the enemy.

Nor docs Varenus remain within the rampart, but follows, imagining his honour at stake. Then Pulfio darted at the enemy his javelin, and pierced one of the multitude running to engage him, who falling dead was covered by the shields of the enemy, while all poured their darts on Pulfio, nor did they allow him an opportunity of returning. Pulfio's shield is pierced, and even in his belt, the weapon is fixed. This accident entangles his scabbard, and not only prevents him from drawing his sword, but gives an opportunity of surrounding him to the enemy. To his assistance his rival Varenus comes, and endeavours to rescue him. Immediately the multitude quit Pulfio, and turn upon Varenus, imagining the dart had slain him. Varenus meets them with his sword drawn, and fights hand to hand, and having slain one, he drives the others back, but with too great avidity pursuing, falls down, having stepped into a hole. Pulfio in his turn comes to his assistance, and without any injury to themselves, after having slain many, with the greatest glory, retired within the intrenchments.

5. Agriculture is the art of causing, in the greatest perfection and plenty, the earth to produce the various kinds of vegetables. It is not only in a rude and unpolished state essential to the well-being of society, but in every stage of its refinement is equally requisite. With regular and abundant returns, it repays the exertions of mankind, as an incitement to its constant and uniform pursuit. It has been esteemed worthy of general attention from the remotest ages, and an object not inconsistent with the rank and situation of

persons

of the greatest eminence, the simplicity of ancient manners rendered it. To preside in the public assembly of his countrymen, Gideon, the renowned champion and judge of Israel, quitted the threshing floor; and to lead the Roman armies to battle, Cincinnatus, the conqueror of the Volsci, left his plough, and to return to his native fields afterwards declined the rewards gained by his victories.

Third Class. Besides the practice of transposing the parts of sentences, the pupil must be accustomed to express the same sentiment in various ways. By this means, he will not only extend his knowledge of the language, but be enabled to deliver his sentiments with clearness and propriety. There is also another advantage attending this practice; it will materially assist those who may be engaged in studying other languages, not only to translate them with more facility into English, but also to observe and apply more readily, many of the terms and phrases which are best adapted to the genius of those languages.

The following observations are given to assist the student in this department.

A sentence may be varied,

1. By changing the active voice of verbs into the passive, and the nominative case of nouns into the objective, and vice versa.

2. By applying adjectives and adverbs instead of substantives, and the contrary; also by using the case absolute instead of the nominative and verb, and the participle instead of the verb.

3. By reversing the correspondent parts of the sentence.

4. By a negation of the contrary, instead of a simple, direct, or positive affirmation; and the contrary.

By these and other modes of expression, a great variety of forms of speech, exactly or nearly of the same import, may be produced; thus:

I will attend the meeting, if I can do it conveniently.

I intend to be (being) present at the meeting, unless it should be inconvenient.

If I can do it with convenience, I purpose to be (being) present at the meeting.

If it can be done without inconvenience, I shall not fail to attend

the meeting.-I shall not absent myself from the meeting, unless circumstances render it necessary.

When you behold wicked men multiplying in number, and increasing in power, imagine not that Providence particularly favours them.

When wicked men are observed to multiply in number, and increase in power, we are not to suppose that they are particularly favoured by Providence.-From the increase and prosperity of the wicked, we must not infer that they are the favourites of Providence.

EXERCISES.

He who lives always in the bustle of the world, lives in a perpetual warfare.

The advantages of this world, even when innocently gained, are uncertain blessings.

Charity consists not in speculative ideas of general benevolence, floating in the head, and leaving the heart, as speculations too often do, untouched and cold.

A wolf let into the sheepfold, will devour the sheep. What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to a human soul.

Fourth Class. In order to acquire a copia verborum, a facility in the structure of sentences, and at the same time to improve the memory, the pupil must, at stated times, write down a certain portion of some author that he has read, and afterwards let a comparison be instituted between his own production and the original. By this means, he is led to attend more closely to the full import of each word, and gradually prepared to clothe his own ideas in just and elegant language.

Walker, on Themes, will be found a useful work for pupils commencing this class. In using this work, the teacher is recommended, after having called a certain number of pupils around him, to mention the subject upon which he wishes them to write, and require them to form their own opinion respecting it. During this process it may be necessary to suggest various hints to the pupil; thus, were it required to write "On Commerce," we might ask, What do you mean by Commerce?-How did it originate?-What were the most distinguished commercial nations of former times?-What are its advantages and disadvantages, &c.

To alternate with Walker, portions should be read from some standard author, which must be reproduced and compared with the original.

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SECOND EDITIONS

OF THE

FOLLOWING WORKS, BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

8. D.

1.

A Treatise on English Grammar, Style, and Poetry 2. Exercises adapted to the same

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These Works have been so carefully revised, and otherwise so considerably improved, as to render them (the author confidently hopes) still more worthy of public favour than the first editions.

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