NATIONAL PARTY PLATFORMS OF 1924. REPUBLICAN. Adopted at Cleveland June 11. We, the delegates of the republican party, in national convention assembled, bow our heads in reverent memory of Warren G. Harding. We nominated him four years ago to be our candidate; the people of the nation elected him their president. His human qualities gripped the affections of the American people. He was a public servant unswerving in his devotion to duty. A stanch republican, he was first of all a true patriot, who gave unstintingly of himself during a trying and critical period of our national life. we His conception and successful direction of the limitation of armament conference in Washington was an achievement which advanced the world along the path toward peace. As delegates of the republican party, share in the national thanksgiving that in the great emergency created by the death of our great leader there stood forth fully equipped to be his successor one whom we had nominated as vice-president-Calvin Coolidge, who as vice-president and president by his every act has justified the faith and confidence which he has won from the nation. He has put the public welfare above personal considerations. He has given to the people practical idealism in office. By his every act, he has won without seeking the applause of the people of the country. The constantly accumulating evidence of his integrity, vision and single-minded devotion the needs of the people of this nation strengthens and inspires our confident faith in his continued leadership. Situation in 1921. to When the republican administration took control of the government in 1921 there were 4,500,000 unemployed; industry and commerce were stagnant; agriculture was prostrate; business was depressed; government bonds were selling below their par value. have been increased in value more than $3,000,000,000. Deficits have been converted into surpluses. The budget system has been firmly established and the number of federal employes has been reduced more than one hundred thousand. We commend the firm insistence of President Coolidge upon rigid government economy and pledge him our earnest support to this end. Finance and Taxation. We believe that the achievement of the republican administration in reducing taxation by $1,250,000,000 per annum; reducing of the public debt by $2,432,000,000; installing a budget system; reducing the public expenditures from $5,500,000,000 per annum to approximately $3,400,000,000 per annum, thus reducing the ordinary expenditures of the gov ernment to substantially a prewar basis, and the complete restoring of public credit: the payment or refunding of $7,500,000,000 of public obligations without disturbance credit or industry-all during the short period of three years presents a record unsurpassed in the history of public finance. of The assessment of taxes wisely and scientifically collected and the efficient and economical expenditure of the money received by the government are essential to the prosperity of our nation. Carelessness in levying taxes inevitably breeds extravagance in expenditures. The wisest of taxation rests most rightly on the individual and economic life of the country. The public demand for a sound tax policy is insistent. Progressive tax reduction should be accomplished through tax reform. It should not be confined to less than 4.000.000 of our citizens who pay direct taxes, but is the right of the more than 100,000,000 who are daily paving their taxes through their living expenses. Congress has in the main confined its work to tax reduction. The matter of tax reform is still unsettled and is equally essential, We pledge ourselves to the progressive reducPeace was delayed; misunderstanding and tion of taxes of all the people as rapidly as friction characterized our relations abroad. may be done with due regard for the essenThere was a lack of faith in the administra-istered with rigid economy, and to place our tial expenditures of the government admintion of government resulting in a growing tax system on a sound peace-time basis. feeling of distrust in the very principles upon which our institutions are founded. To-day industry and commerce are active: public and private credits are sound. We have made peace; we have taken the first step toward disarmament and strengthened our friendship with the world powers; our relations with the rest of the world are on a firmer basis, our position was never better understood; our foreign policy never more definite and consistent. The tasks to which we have put our hands are completed. Time has been too short for the correction of all the ills we received as a heritage from the last democratic administration, and the notable accomplishments under republican rule warrant us in appealing to the country with entire confidence. Public Economy. We demand, and the people of the United States have a right to demand, rigid economy in government. A policy of strict economy enforced by the republican administration since 1921 has made possible a reduction in taxation and has enabled the government to reduce the public debt by $2.500.000.000. This policy vigorously enforced has resulted in a progressive reduction of public expenditures until they are now $2.000.000.000 per annum less than in 1921. The tax burdens of the people have been relieved to the extent of $1.250.000.000 per annum, Government securities We indorse the plan of President Coolidge to call in November a national conference of federal and state officials for the development of effective burden of our citizens and adjusting questions methods of lightening the of taxation as between national and state governments. tax lation of a nonpartisan federal commission We favor the creation by appropriate legisto make a comprehensive study and report upon the tax systems of the states and federal government with a view to an intelligent reformation of our systems of taxation to a more equitable basis, and a proper adjustment of the subjects of taxation as between the national and state governments. with justice to the taxpayer and in conformity with these sound economic principles. Reorganization of Executive Departments. We favor a comprehensive reorganization of the executive departments and bureaus along the line of the plan recently submitted by a joint committee of the congress, which has the unqualified support of President Coolidge. Civil Service. The improvement in the enforcement of the merit system both by legislative enactment and executive action since March 4. 1921. has been marked and effective. By executive order the appointment of presidential postmasters has been placed on the merit basis similar accord have marked our relations with all to that applying to the classified service. Latin America. The long-standing controversy We favor the classification of postmasters between Chile and Peru has been advanced in first, second and third class postoffices and toward settlement by its submission to the the placing of the prohibition enforcement president of the United States as arbitrator, forces within the classified civil service with- and with the helpful co-operation of this out necessarily incorporating the present per- country a treaty has been signed by the repsonnel. resentatives of sixteen American republics Foreign Relations. which will stabilize conditions on the American continent and minimize the opportunities The republican party reaffirms its stand for agreement among the nations to prevent war and preserve peace. As an important step in this direction we indorse the Permanent Court of International Justice and favor the adherof the United States to this tribunal as recommended by President Coolidge. This government has definitely refused membership in the league of nations and to assume any obligations under the covenant of the league. On this we stand. ence While we are unwilling to enter into political commitments which would involve us in the conflict of European policies, it should be the purpose and high privilege of the United States to continue to co-operate with other nations in humanitarian efforts in accordance with our cherished traditions. great war. The basic principles of our foreign policy must be independence without indifference to the rights and necessities of others and cooperation without entangling alliances. This policy, overwhelmingly approved by the people, has been vindicated since the end of the America's participation in world affairs under the administration of President Harding and President Coolidge has demonstrated the wisdom and prudence of the national judgment. A most impressive example of the capacity of the United States to serve the cause of world peace without political affiliations was shown in the effective and beneficent work of the Dawes commission toward the solution of the perplexing question of German reparations. The first conference of great powers in Washington called by President Harding accomplished the limitation of armaments and the readjustment of the relations of the powers interested in the far east. The conference resulted in an agreement to reduce armaments, relieved the competitive nations involved from the great burdens of taxation arising from the construction and maintenance of capital battle ships, assured a new, broader and better understanding in the far east; brought the assurance of peace in the region of the Pacific and formally adopted the policy of the open door for trade and commerce in the great markets of the far east. The historic conference paved the way to avert the danger of renewed hostilities in Europe and to restore the necessary economic stability. While the military forces of America have been reduced to a peace footing, there has been an increase in the land and air forces abroad which constitutes a continual menace to the peace of the world and a bar to the return of prosperity. We firmly advocate the calling of a conference on the limitation of land forces, the use of submarines and poison gas, as proposed by President Coolidge, when, through the adoption of a permanent reparations plan, the conditions in Europe will make negotiations and co-operation opportune and possible. By treaties of peace safeguarding our rights and without derogating those of our former associates in arms, the republican administration ended the war between this country and Germany and Austria. We have concluded and signed with other nations during the last three years more than fifty treaties and international agreements in the furtherance of peace and good will. New sanctions and new proofs of permanent for war. this Our difficulties with Mexico have happily yielded to a most friendly adjustment. Mutual confidence has been restored and a pathway for that friendliness and helpfulness which should exist between government and the government of our neighboring republic has been marked. Agreements have been entered into for the determination by judicial commissions of the claims of the citizens of each country against the respective governments. We can confidently look forward to more permanent and more stable relations with this republic that joins for so many miles our southern border. Our policy, now well defined, of giving practical aid to other peoples without assuming political obligations has been conspicuously demonstrated. The ready and generous response of America to the needs of Japan gave evidence of our helpful interest in the welfare of the distressed in other lands. The work of our representatives in dealing with subjects of such universal concern as the traffic in women and children, the production and distribution of narcotic drugs, the sale of arms and in matters affecting public health and morals, demonstrated that we can effectively do our part for humanity and civilization without forfeiting, limiting or restricting our national freedom of action. The American people do cherish their independence, but their sense of duty to all mankind will ever prompt them to give their support, service and leadership to every cause which makes for peace and amity among the nations of the world. Foreign Debts. In fulfillment of our solemn pledge in the national platform of 1920 we have steadfastly refused to consider the cancellation of foreign debts. Our attitude has not been that of any oppressive creditor seeking immediate return and ignoring existing financial conditions, but has been based on the conviction that a moral obligation such as was incurred should not be disregarded. We stand for settlements with all debtor countries similar in character to our debt agreement with Great Britain. That settlement, achieved under a republican administration, was the greatest international financial transaction in the history of the world. Under the terms of the agreement the United States now receives an annual return upon $4.600,000.000 owing to us by Great Britain with a definite obligation of ultimate payment in full. The justness of the basis employed has been formally recognized by other debtor nations. Great nations cannot recognize or admit the principle of repudiation. To do so would undermine the integrity essential for international trade, commerce and credit. Thirty-five per cent of the total foreign debt is now in process of liquidation. The Tariff. We reaffirm our belief in the protective tariff to extend needed protection to our productive industries. We believe in protection as a national policy, with due and equal regard to all sections and to agriculture, industries and occupations. It is only by adherence to such a policy that the well-being of the consumers can be safeguarded and that there can be assured to American agriculture, to American labor and to American manufacturers a return to perpetuate American standards of te. A protective tariff is designed to support the high American economic level of life for the average family and to prevent a lowering to the levels of economic life prevailing in other lands. It is the history of the nation that the protective tariff system has ever justified itself by restoring confidence, promoting industrial activity and employment, enormously increas ing our purchasing power and bringing increased prosperity to all our people. The tariff protection to our industry works for increased consumption of domestic agricultural products by an employed population instead, of one unable to purchase the necessities of life. Without the strict maintenance of the tariff principle our farmers will need always to compete with cheap lands and cheap labor abroad and with lower standards of living. The enormous value of the protective principle has once more been demonstrated by the emergency tariff act of 1921 and the tariff act of 1922. able $100,000,000 to assist the farmers of the northwest. in realization of the disturbance in the agricultural export market, the result of the financial depression Europe, and appreciating that the export field would be enormously improved by economic renabilitation and the resulting increased consuming power, a sympathetic support and direction was given to the work of the American representatives on the European reparations commission. The revival in 1921 of the war ninance corporation, with loans of over $300,000,000, averted in 1921 a complete collapse in the agricultural industry. We have established new intermediate credit banks for agriculture and increased the capital of the federal farm loan system. Emergency loans have been granted to droughtstricken areas. We have enacted into law the co-operative marketing act, the grain futures and packer control acts; given to agriculture direct representation on the federal reserve board and on the federal aid commission. We have greatly strengthened our foreign marketing service for the disposal of our agricultural products. We assert our belief in the elastic provision adopted by congress in the tariff act of 1922 providing for a method of readjusting the tariff rates and the classifications in ordering the average prices of what he buys and to meet changing economic conditions when such changed conditions are brought to the attention of the president by complaint or application. We believe that the power to increase or decrease any rate of duty provided in the tariff furnishes a safeguard, on the one hand, against excessive taxes, and, on the other hand, against too high customs charges. The wise provisions of this section of the tariff act afford ample opportunity for tariff duties to be adjusted after a hearing in order that they may cover the actual differences in the cost of production in the United States and the principal competing countries of the world. We also believe that the application of this provision of the tariff act will contribute to business stability by making unnecessary general disturbances which are usually incident to general tariff revision. Agriculture. In dealing with agriculture the republican party recognizes that we are faced with a fundamental national problem and that the prosperity and welfare of the nation as whole is dependent upon the prosperity and welfare of our agricultural population. a We recognize our agricultural activities are still struggling with adverse conditions that have brought about distress. We pledge the party to take whatever steps are necessary to bring back a balanced condition between agriculture, industry and labor, which was destroyed by the democratic party, through an unfortunate administration of legislation passed as wartime methods. We affirm that under the republican administration the problems of the farmer have received more serious consideration than ever before, both by definite executive action and by congressional action, not only in the field of general legislation but also in the enact ment of laws to meet emergency situations. The restoration of general prosperity and the purchasing power of our people through tariff protection has resulted in an increased domestic consumption of farm products, while the prices of many agricultural commodities are above the war price level by reason of direct tariff protection. Under the leadership of the president at the most critical time, a corporation was organized by private capital, making avail The crux of the problem from the standpoint of the farmer is the net profit he receives after his outlay. The process of bringwhat he sells closer together can be promptly expedited by reduction in taxes, steady employment in industry and stability in business. This process can be expedited by lower freight rates, by better marketing through cooperative efforts and a more scientific organization of the physical human machinery of distribution and by a greater diversification of farm products. We promise every assistance in the reorganization of the market system on sounder and more economical lines and, where diversification is needed, government assistance during the period of transition. Vigorous efforts of this administration toward broadening our exports market will be continued. The republican party pledges itself to the development and enactment of measures which will place the agricultural interests of America on a basis of economic equality with other industry to assure its prosperity and success. We favor adequate tariff protection to such of our agricultural products as are threatened by competition. We favor, without putting the government into business, the establishment of a federal system of organ ization for co-operative marketing of food products. Mining. The mining industry has experienced a period of depression as the result of the abnormal economic conditions growing out of the war. This administration has accomplished much in improving the conditions affecting this great fundamental industry and pledges itself to continue its effort in this direction. Highways. The federal aid road act, adopted by the republican congress in 1921. has been of inestimable value to the development of the highway system of the several states and of the nation. We pledge a continuation of this policy of federal co-operation with the states in highway building. We favor the construction of roads and trails in our national for sts 'necessary to their protection and utilization. In appropriations, therefore, the taxes which these lands would pay if taxable should be considered as a controlling factor. 388 world competition, to increase production and We commend congress for having recognized on the vigor of private initiative which has bred a spirit of independence and self-reliance. The republican party stands now as always against all attempts to put the government into business. American industry should not be compelled to struggle against government competition. The right of the government to regulate, supervise and control public utilities and public interests we believe should be strengthened, but we are firmly opposed to the nationalization or government ownership of public utilities. Coal. can The price and a constant supply of this essential commodity are of vital interest to The government has no constithe public. tutional power to regulate prices, but bring its influence to bear by the powerful We pledge a continuance of the successful instrument afforded by full publicity. When through industrial conflict its supply efforts of the republican administration to the seven-day, twelve-hour work is threatened, the president should have aueliminate We regard with satisfac-thority to appoint a commission to act as tion the elimination of the twelve-hour day mediators and as a medium for voluntary arand In the event of a strike, the conthe agreement bitration. in the steel industry, eliminating the seven-day work week of alter: trol of distribution must be invoked to prenate thirteen and eleven hours, accomplished vent profiteering. through the efforts of Presidents Harding and Coolidge, We declare our faith in the principle of the eight-hour day. week in industry. We pledge a continuation of the work of rehabilitating workers in industry as conducted by the federal board for vocational education. and favor adequate appropriations for this purpose. We favor a broader and better system of Vocational education, a more adequate system of federal free employment agencies, with facilities for assisting the movements of seasonal and migratory labor, including farm labor, with ample organization for bringing the man and his job together. Railroads. The people demand and are entitled to have prompt and efficient transportation at the lowest rates consistent with good service and a reasonable return upon the value of the property devoted to public service. We believe that the American people demand, and we favor, a careful and scientific readjustment of railroad rate schedules with a view to the encouragement of agriculture and basic industries, without impairment of railroad service. The present laws regulating railroads. which conditions. were enacted to meet postwar should be modified from time to time as experience shows the necessity therefor. The consolidation of railroads into fewer competitive systems, subject to the approval of the interstate commerce commission, should be provided for. The labor board provisions of the present law should be amended whenever it appears from experience that such action is necessary. Collective bargaining, mediation and voluntary arbitration are the most important steps in maintaining peaceful labor relations and We do not believe in should be encouraged. compulsory action at any time in the settlement of labor disputes. Public opinion must be the final arbiter in any crisis which so vitally affects public welfare as the suspension of transportation. Merchant Marine. The republican party stands for a strong and permanent merchant marine built by Amerisecure the necessary contact cans,, owned by Americans and manned by Americans, to with world markets for our surplus agricul tural products and manufactures; to protect our shippers and importers from exorbitant ocean freight rates and to become a powerful arm of our national defense. That part of the merchant marine now owned by the government should continue to be improved in its economic and efficient management, with reduction of the losses now paid by the government through taxation until with ocean freight rates becoming normal. it is finally placed on so sound a basis that, due to improvement in international affairs. it can be sold to American citizens. Waterways, Flood Control and Water Power. of Fully realizing the vital importance transportation in both cost and service to all our people, we favor the construction of the most feasible waterways from the great lakes the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of to Mexico and the improvement and development of rivers, harbors and waterways, inland and coastwise, to the fullest extent justified by the presence and potential tonnage available. We favor a comprehensive survey of the conditions under which the flood waters of the Colorado river may be controlled and utilized for the benefit of the people of the states which border thereon. The federal water power act establishes national water-power policy and the way has thereby been opened for the greatest waterpower development in history under conditions which preserve initiative of our people, yet protect the public interests. The World War Veterans. We reaffirm the admiration and gratitude which we feel for soldiers and sailors; the republican party pledges a continually and indisability as a result of service to the United creasing solicitude for all those suffering any No country and no Therefore the interests of the public require the maintenance of an impartial tribunal which can in an emergency make an investi-States in time of war. gation of the facts and publish its conclusions. This is essential as a basis for popular judgment. We favor a stable, consistent and constructive policy toward our railroads. Government Control, The prosperity of the American nation rests ous disposition in the care of its disabled or more thoughtul consideration in providing a sound administration for the solution of the many problems involved in making intended benefits fully, directly and promptly available to the veterans. administration has ever shown a more gener The confusion, inefficiency and maladminis tration existing heretofore since the establish- immigration that would have seriously disment of this government agency have been turbed our economic life. The law recently cured and plans are being actively made look-enact is designed to protect the inhabitants ing to a further improvement in the operation of our country, not only the American citiof the bureau by the passage of new legislation. The basic statute has been so liberalized as to bring within its terms 100,000 additional beneficiaries. The privilege of hospitalization in government hospitals, as recommended by President Coolidge, has been granted to all veterans irrespective of the origin of disabil. ity, and over $50,000.000 has been appropriated for hospital construction, which will provide sufficient beds to care for all. Appropriations totaling over $1.100.000.000 made by the republican congress for the care of the disabled evidences the unmistakable purpose of the government not to consider costs when the welfare of these men is at stake. No legislation for the benefit of the disabled soldier proposed during the last four years by veterans' organizations has failed to receive consideration. We pledge ourselves to meet the problems of the future affecting the care of our wounded and disabled in a spirit of liberality and with that thoughtful consideration which will enable the government to give to the individual veterans that full measure of care guaranteed by an effective administration machinery to which his patriotic services and sacrifices entitle him. Conservation. We believe in the development, effective and efficient, whether of oil, timber, coal or water power resources of this government, only as needed and only after the public need has become a matter of public record, controlled with a scrupulous regard and ever vigilant safeguards against waste, speculation and monopoly. The natural resources of the country belong to all the people and are a part of an estate belonging to generations yet unborn. The government policy should be to safeguard. develop and utilize these possessions. The conservation policy of the nation originated with the republican party, under the inspiration of Theodore Roosevelt. We hold it a privilege of the republican party to build as a memorial to him on the foundation which he laid. Education and Relief. The conservation of human resources is one of the most solemn responsibilities of government. There is an obligation which cannot be ignored and which demands that the federal government shall, as far as lies in its power, give to the people and the states the benefit of its counsel. The welfare activities of the government connected with the various departments are already numerous and important, but lack the co-ordination which is essential to effective action. To meet these needs. we approve the suggestion for the creation of a cabinet post of education and relief. Universal Mobilization in War Time. We believe that in time of war the nation should draft for its defense not only its citizens but also every resource which may contribute to success. The country demands that should the United States ever again be called upon to defend itself by arms, the president be empowered to draft such material resources and such service as may be required and to stabilize the prices of services and essential commodities, whether used in actual warfare or private activities. Immigration and Naturalization. The unprecedented living conditions in Europe following the world war created a condition by which we were threatened with mass zen but also the alien already with us who is seeking to secure an economic foothold for himself and family, from the competition that would come from unrestricted immigration. The administrative features of the law represent a great constructive advance and eliminate the hardships suffered by immigrants under the emergency statute. We favor the adoption of methods which will exercise a helpful influence among the foreign-born population and provide for the education of the alien in our language, customs, ideals and standards of life. We favor the improvement of naturalization laws. Hawaii-Alaska. We favor a continuance for the territory of Hawaii of federal assistance in harbor improvements, the appropriation of its share of federal funds, and the systematic extension of the settlement of public lands by the Hawaiian race, We indorse the policy of the present administration in reference to Alaska and favor a continuance of the constructive development of the territory. Philippines. The Philippines policy of the republican party has been and is inspired by the belief that our duty toward the Filipino people is a national obligation which should remain entirely free from parties and politics. In accepting the obligation which came to them with the control of the Philippine islands, the American people have only the wish to serve, advance and improve the condition of the Filipino people. That thought will continue to be the dominating factor in the American consideration of the many problems which must inevitably grow out of our relationship to the people. If the time comes when it is evident to congress that independence would be better for the people of the Philippines with respect to both their domestic concerns and their status in the world, and the Filipino people then desire complete independence, the American government will gladly accord it. A careful study of the conditions in the Philippine islands has convinced us that the time for such action has not yet arrived. |