LATVIA. iron and steel and their manufactures, tex- DUTCH EAST INDIES. Latvia consists of the former Russian prov. ince of Courland and parts of the old provIt became an inces of Livonia and Vitebsk. .ndependent state in November, 1918, and elected a constituent assembly in April, 1920, It has a state with a membership of 15%. 834. The president of council of 102 members. of the state in 1924 was J. Tschakste and the The area prime minister W. Samuels. Latvia is 24,440 square miles and the popuof 1920 is lation according to the census 1,503,193. Riga, the capital, has a population of 280,000. The imports in 1922 amounted Exports to 5,368.600.000 Latvian rubles and the exports to 5,099,600,000 rubles. the United States in 1924, $5,187,721; imports from. $826,434. LITHUANIA. to Lithuania, one of the former provinces of the old Russian empire, was proclaimed a re1918. The president in Nov. 30. public The prime minister 1924 was A. Stulginskis. Vilna is the capital was Antanas Tumenas. of the state, which has an area of 59,633 square miles and a population of 2.293,100, made up of Lithuanians, Letts, Poles, Jews, Vilna Germans, White Russians and others. has a population of more than 200,000. The exports in 1921 amounted to 876,874.930 marks and the imports to 631.744,123 marks. Imports from the United States in 1924, $73.265; exports to, $194,334. Prince Louis II.: area, eight square miles: population, 22,956. THE NETHERLANDS. Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior and Foreign Affairs-Jonkheer Dr. H. A. van Kar- War-J. J. C. van Dijk. Marine E. P. Westerveld. Justice Dr. Th. Heemskerk. Finance-H. Colijn. Colonies-S. de Graaf. Labor-J. P. M. Aalberse. Instruction-Dr. J. Th. de Visser. The Legislative authority is vested in the states- Amsterdam ..696.484 | Groningen Utrecht .146.441 Leiden was 94.092 Government-King. Haakon VII.: crown prince. Olaf. eign Affairs-Johan Ludwig Mowinckel. Finance-Arnold Holmboe. is vested in the storthing, consisting of 150 members elected for three years through universal suffrage by men and women. The storthing consists of two houses, the odelsthing and the lagthing. The former is made up of three-fourths of the members of the storthing and the latter of one-fourth. Area and Population-The total area of Norway is 125,000 square miles. The total population in December, 1920, estimated at 2,649,775. Christiania (Oslo) in 1921 had a population of 258,483, Bergen 91,443 and Trondhjem 55,030, was 1,313.930,200 crowns: SPITZBERGEN. area of about tries POLAND. Poland is a republic in which legislative Grabski. Vice-President of Council-Stanislaus Thugitt. Commerce and Industry-Joseph Kiedron. Justice-Dr. Zychlinski. Agriculture-Stanislas Janicki. Public Works-Miecslaw Rybczynski. 80.136 Education and Worship-Dr. Boleslaw Miklas 73.176 Imports and Exports-In 1923 Holland im- Premier and Minister of Interior - Senhor a na Legislative authority is vested in Area and Population-Total area, including ROUMANIA. Moscow (1923), 1,542,874; Odessa. (1912). Imports and Exports-The total value of the SPAIN. ent, Prince Alfonso. Government-King. Alfonso XIII.: heir-appar- Madrid Barcelona Valencia Government-King. Ferdinand: crown prince, Seville Carol. Prime Minister-Jon Bratiano. 247.932 area, 764,139, Murcia 720,311 Bilbao Granada Malaga Legislative authority is vested in a senate Imports and Exports-The exports of Spain of 170 members elected for eight years and a chamber of deputies of 347 members elected for four years. Area and Population-The total area is 122.282 square miles. The population in 1919 was 17,393,149. Population of the principal towns: Bukharest, 308,987; Chisinau. 114.100: Cernauti, 87.128; Ismail. 86,500; Jassy, 76,120; Galatz, 72.512; Braila, 65.911, Exports and Imports The value of the exports in 1920 was $686.779.600; of the imports, $1,380.388.000. The chief exports are cereals and the leading imports are textiles. Exports to the United States in 1924. $258.642; imports from. $1.309.042. President-Alexis Ivanovitch Rykov. Commissar for Military Affairs and the Navy- Commissar for Trade-L. B. Krassin. Area and Population-The total area of Russia ningrad (Petrograd) (1923), 1,067,328; in 1922 amounted to $162.488.000: imports, $252,278.000. Total exports to the United States in 1924. $30,713,673; imports, $62.253.633. Chief exports are wine, sugar. timber, animals, glassware and pottery; imports, cotton and cotton manufactures, machinery, drugs and chemical products. SWEDEN. Government-King, Gustaf V.: crown prince, Premier-Hjalmar Branting. Legislative authority is vested in a parlia 429.812 | Norkoping Gothenburg...228.682 Helsingborg .115.556 Gaefle statistics as to imports and exports of Afghancouncil istan are available. The chief productions are preserved fruits, spices, wool, silk, cattle and tobacco. Government President of federal au are councilors are elected directly by the people: .... 104,626 68.533 Exports and Imports-Total exports in 1923. TURKEY. Sultan Mohammed VI. was deposed by the nationalist government in Angora in NovemAt that ber, 1922, and took refuge in Malta. time Abdul Medjid Effendi was made caliph by On Oct. 29, 1923, Turkey the Kemalists. was proclaimed a republic by the national Mustapha Kemal was assembly in Angora. elected president, Ismet Pasha became premier and minister of foreign affairs. The caliphate was abolished in March, 1924. The national assembly is the sole legislative body. Area and Population-Before the war the area of Turkey in Europe was 8,644 square miles: of whole empire. 710.224 square miles. The total population of all parts of the empire It is now estimated then was 21.273,000. about Constantinople has at 8,000,000. 900.000 inhabitants. Exports and Imports-The total exports in 1920 amounted in value to about $800,000,The 000 and the imports to $238.125,000. in Europe from the imports of Turkey United States in 1924 amounted to $2,020,227 and the exports to $7.546.745; the total imports of Turkey in Asia from the United States in 1924 amounted to $408.696; exThe principal articles ports to $4,866.179. sugar, and clothing, cloth imported are coffee, flour, rice and manufactures of iron; exports, grapes, silk, grain, cocoons, wool, cotton, carpets, hides and skins. ARMENIA. The Armenian republic was constituted in lic and a part of the Russian soviet state. It May, 1918. In 1921 it became a soviet repubhas an area of 15,240 square miles and a The capital is Eripopulation of 1,214,391. The republic of Azerbaijan is a soviet state under control of the Moscow government. The capital is Baku, which has a population of 250,000. The population of the state is 2,096,973. BOKHARA. Bokhara is a soviet republic and is a deThe area of Bokhara is pendency of Russia. about 79,000 square miles and the populaThe products are corn, totion 3,000,000. bacco, fruit, silk and hemp. CHINA. Government-On Nov. 1, 1924, China was without a president, Tsao Kun having resigned. Huang Fu was acting as premier and Dr. C. T. Wang as minister of foreign affairs. military chiefs were contending for power. Legislative power is nominally vested in a single house assembly, but it is practically only an advisory body. The president possesses autocratic powers and China is republic in name only. The a of China, Area and Population-Total area FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC. The Far Eastern Democratic Republic gave up its separate existence in November, 1922, and became an integral part of the Russian soviet republic. Hedjaz is an independent kingdom with an The area of about 170.000 square miles and a popIts capital is Mecca. ulation of 900.000. The imports of Hedjaz, king is Emir Ali. Arabia and Mesopotamia from the United States in 1924 amounted to $326,853 and exIRAQ. ports to the same countries to $3.202.958. Iraq, or Mesopotamia, is a mandated terriIt is governed by a tory of Great Britain. the first session of constituent assembly. which was held in the spring of 1924. Emir Feisal was proclaimed king of Iraq on Aug. 23. 1921, after being elected by the people. The present prime minister of Iraq is Abdul Mushin Beg; the British high commissioner is Sir Henry Dobbs. Iraq has an area of 54.540 square miles and a population of 2 849 282. Government — JAPAN. Emperor, Yoshihito: crown prince and regent, Hirohito. Cabinet: Premier-Viscount K. Kato. Foreign Affairs-Baron K. Shidehara. Finance Y. Hamaguchi. Education-R. Okada. Agriculture and Commerce-K. Takahashi. em Legislative authority is vested in the peror and the imperial diet. This consists of the house of peers and the house of representatives, the former having about 375 and the latter 464 members. Area and Population-The total area of Japan is 260,738 square miles. The population according to the census of Oct. 1, 1922, was 56.745,400 exclusive of Formosa, the Pescadores and the south half of Sakhalin. The total population, including Korea, Formosa and Sakhalin, was 76,987.469 in 1920. Cities having more than 100.000 inhabitants in 1920 are: Before carthquake of Sept. 1, 1923. Imports and Exports-The total imports in 1923 amounted in value to $993,531,500; exports, $723,874,500. In 1924 the imports from the United States were valued at $283,291,351 and the exports to the same country at $225 342 582. The chief exports are raw silk, cotton, yarn, copper, cer and tea: imports, sugar, cotton, iron and steel, machinery, petroleum and wool. Chosen (Korea). Formerly an empire, but now a Japanese colony. Area, 85 223 square miles. Popula tion in 1920, 17.288.989. Seoul, the capital, has 271,414 inhabitants. PALESTINE. Palestine is administered by Great Britain under a mandate given by the council of the league of nations July 24, 1922. and in force Sept. 29, 1923. The area of the country is 9,000 square miles and the population in 1922 was 757,182. The population of Jerusalem at that time was 62 578. The high commissioner representing Great Britain is Herbert L. Samuel. The imports in 1923 amounted to $26.140,700 and the exports to $6 883.200. In 1924 Palestine and Syria imported goods from the United States valued at $2 536 716 and exported merchandise to that country to the value of $2,600,017. PERSIA. 148 square miles; population (1921), 9,207.355. Bangkok, the capital, has 931.179 inhabitants. The imports in 1923 were $72.707,100 and the exports, $85.919.400. Im. ports from the United States in 1924. $915.,574; exports to. $152.402. Chief among the exports are rice, teak and marine products: imports, cotton goods and opium. SYRIA. Syria is an independent state under France as the mandatory power. The area is about 60,000 square miles and the population 3,000,000. AFRICA. ABYSSINIA. Empress. Waizeru Zauditu: regent, Ras Taffari. Total area of Abyssinia. 350.000 square miles; population, 11,500,000. The exports are coffee, hides and skins, gum, wax. gold and ivory. Exports to the United States in 1924, $2,511; imports from, $18.229. ALGERIA. Algeria is a colony of France. Governor-general, M. Theodore Steeg. Area, 222.180 square miles; population in 1923, 5,806,090. Chief imports are cotton, skins and furs and woodwork; exports, wine, sheep and cereals. Exports of Algeria and Tunis to the United States (1924), $2,158,297; imports from, $5.040,258. BELGIAN CONGO. Congo was made a Belgian colony in 1908. Governor-general (1924). M. Rutten. The estimated area is 909,654 square miles and the Negro population about 15,000,000. Among the leading articles of export are ivory, rubber, cocoa, palm nut, palm oil. copal gum and coffee. Exports to the United States (1924), $1,182,864; imports, $471. 072. EGYPT. King, Prince Ahmed Fuad (Fuad I.). Prime minister, Saad Zaghlul Pasha. British high commissioner, Field Marshal Viscount Allenby. Total area of Egypt, 350.000 square miles; area of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1,014,400 miles. The population of Square Egypt proper in 1917 was 12.750.918, of the AngloEgyptian Sudan, 3,400.000. Population of Cairo, 790,938; Alexandria, 444,617. Great Britain formally declared Egypt a protectorate of the empire Dec. 17. 1914. The protectorate ended Feb. 28. 1922. when Egypt was recognized as an independent sovereign state with a king and a parliament of two houses-a senate and chamber of deputies. The total exports of merchandise in 1923 were $226.384.500. Imports from the United States valued at $291 936 600 and the imports at in 1924, $6.048.688; exports to. $28,164.918. The exports consist chiefly of cereals, raw cotton and provisions: imports, wool, coal, textiles and metal manufactures. LIBERIA. in a senate of nine members and a house of representatives of fourteen members. The total area of the republic is about 40.000 Square miles and the population 2.120.000. The exports in 1999 were valued at $1.045.382 and the imports at $501.515. Imports from the United States in 1924, $179,318: exports to. $8,501. President, Charles D. B. King: vice-president. Shah or emperos Seltan Ahmad Shah. Un-H. T. Wesley. Legislative power is vested der the constitution granted in 1906 legislative authority was vested in a national council of 156 members and a senate of 60 members. It is. however, practically nonexistent and exercises no power at present. The area of Persia is about 628.000 square miles and the population, 9,500,000. Imports in 1922, $57,525,150; exports, $4.736,265. Imports from the United States in 1924. $261.492: exports to. $5 848 601. Teheran the capital, has a population of about 280.000. Chief among the products are silk, fruits, wheat, barley and rice. MADAGASCAR. Governor-general. Marcel Oliver. Madagascar is a French colony governed by a council of administration. The area is 228.000 square miles and the population in 1921 was 3.382.161. The capital is Antananarivo with a King, Rama VI. (Vajiravudh). Area, 200.- population of 58.459. Imports in 1922, $34. SIAM. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1925. Exports to 766,300: exports, $26,494.450. United States (1924), $231,450; imports from, $139,436. MOROCCO. a ECUADOR. President. Dr. Gonzales Cordova; capital PopulaQuito. Area, 116.000 square miles. 80,702: Guayaquil. Quito, 2,000.000; tion. French resident 105,000. Total exports, in 1921, $25.448.282; Exports to the United Mulai Youssef; Sultan, States in 1924. $5.784,511; imports. $4,836.general, Marshal Lyautey; Spanish high com- imports, $41,303,775. Morocco is Chief exports, coffee, cocoa, rice, sugar. 640. zone missioner. Don Luis Silvela. French protectorate. Spain having Area about 231.500 rubber, cabinet woods, chemicals and minerals; Total imports, cotton, provisions, manufactures of along the Mediterranean. iron and steel, clothing and mineral oil. square miles: population, 6,000,000. PARAGUAY. imports in 1922. $155,535,000; exports, $47.493,250. Imports from the United States in 1924. $1,629,314; exports to. $337.783. TUNIS. a that Bey, Sidi Mohammed El Habib Bey. Tunis is under the protectorate of France and country is represented by a resident-general. Total area, 50,000 square miles; population in 1921, 2,093.939. Imports in 1921. $171,255.000; exports, $88,935,500. SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 1,720.000. President, Dr. Marcel de Alvear: capital, Area, 1.153,119 square miles. Buenos Aires. Population (1921), 8,698,516: Buenos Aires, Total exports in 1922, $845.010.Exports to the 300: imports. $862,056,800. wool, United States in 1924, $77.423,752: imports, Chief exports, sheep. $106,690,799. cattle, hides, frozen meats and wheat: imagricultural ports, machinery, railway cars, engines and supplies and manufactures of iron and steel. BOLIVIA. implements, President, Dr. Eligio Ayala; capital. AsunPopulacion. Area. 196.000 square miles. tion, estimated (1917), 1,000,000; Asuncion Tot exports in 1922. $9.(1920), 99,836. Exports to the 895.850; imports, $5.684,750. 1924. $311,689; imports. United States in Chief exports. mate (or Paraguay tea), tobacco, hides, timber, oranges; imports, $681,731. cotton goods, machinery and provisions. PERU. President, Augusto B. Leguia; capital, Lima. Population estiArea, 729,461 square miles. (1921) at 5,550,000: Lima (1920). Total exports in 176,467; Callao, 52.843. mated 1922, $93,464,350; imports. $52.962.770. ExChief exports, ports to the United States in 1924. $228621.301; imports, $22,675,761. cotton, coffee, sugar, cinchona, india rubber. dyes and medicinal plants; imports, woolens. cotton, machinery and manufactures of iron. URUGUAY. President. Jose tevideo. Serrato: capital, Mon Popu lation (1923), 1,603,000; Montevideo (1922). Total exports in 1922, $77,458.046; Exports to the United President, Dr. Bautista Saavedra: capital, 350,956. States in 1924, $6,875,439; imports. $17. Sucre. Area, 514,155 square miles. Population imports, $43,036,859. LaPaz, 115.252; ChocaChief exports, animal and agriculTotal ex-349.432. (1915), 2,889,970. chamba, 31.014; Sucre, 29.795. ports in 1921, $26.767.600; imports. $24.- tural products; imports, manufactured articles the United States 051.400: exports to 1924. $786,206; imports, $3.624.218. exports. silver, President, Dr. Arturo da Silva Bernardes; Area, 3,275.510 capital, Rio de Janeiro. square miles. Population (1920), 30.635.605; Rio de Janeiro (1920), 1,157.873: Sao Paulo, Exports (1922). Ex579.033: Bahia. 283,422. $243,204,650. $342,888.000; imports. ports to the United States in 1924, $146,255,Chief exports, 852: imports, $53.985.282. coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton and rubber; imports, cotton goods. manufactures of iron and steel, furniture, mineral oils, breadstuffs and provisions. ma Elias Gen. Plutarco Area and Population-The total area, includ- |