Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., for the year ending September 30, 1914 Continued NOTE.- Daily discharge values given during the frozen period January 6 to March 26 are only approximate. Daily discharge for open water periods determined from a rating curve that is very well defined. Monthly discharge of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., for the year ending NOTE. Mean discharge January 12 to 18, estimated 568 second-feet. CHEMUNG RIVER AT CHEMUNG, N. Y. Location. About midway between Chemung, N. Y., and Willawana, Pa., about half a mile upstream from the State line, and about 10 miles above the junction with the Susquehanna. Records available.- September 7, 1903, to September 30, 1914. Drainage area.— -2,440 square miles. (From U. S. Geological Survey water supply papers.) Gage. Tape and weight, read twice daily; located at different points as follows: September 7, 1903, to April 19, 1911, on the suspension bridge; April 20, 1911, to February 18, 1912, temporarily located about 250 feet upstream from the bridge while the bridge was being replaced; February 19, to December 31, 1912, gage on the new two-span steel truss bridge, on the site of the old bridge; datum same for all locations of the gage. Control Composed of sand and gravel; occasionally shifting. Discharge measurements.- Made from the bridge. Winter flow.- Discharge relation affected by ice. Gage observations suspended during frozen period. Regulation.- Largest water power development on the river is at Elmira, N. Y. No dams on the river between Elmira and the mouth of the Chemung. Accuracy. Conditions for accurate determination of discharge during the open period only fair. Co-operation.- Established and maintained by the United States Geological Survey in co-operation with the State Engineer and Surveyor. Discharge measuremen's of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., during the year ending Daily gage height, in feet, of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., for the year ending September 30, 191 4 NOTE.- Discharge relation affected by ice from about January 21 to 29, and February 12 to March 16, inclusive. Measurements made during 1914 indicate a shift in the discharge relation. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., for the year ending Monthly discharge of Chemung River at Chemunj, N. Y., for the year ending September 30, 1914 [Drainage area, 2.440 square miles] Allegheny river drains the western slopes of the Allegheny mountains in Pennsylvania and New York. The river rises in the central part of Potter county, in northern Pennsylvania, flows in a general northwesterly direction into New York to about the central part of Cattaraugus county, where it turns and flows southwestward back into Pennsylvania; at Franklin, in Venango county, it turns and flows southeastward to the mouth of Mahoning creek, in Armstrong county, where it again bends to the southwest, and at Pittsburgh joins the Monongahela to form the Ohio. The river is about 290 miles long (map measurement) and its drainage area, which is nearly 50 per cent. greater than that of the Monongahela, comprises about 11,100 square miles. The noteworthy tributaries in New York are Oswayo, Olean and Tunugwant creeks. Oswayo and Tunugwant creeks rise in Pennsylvania. Two other important creeks-Conewango and Brokenstraw have their sources in New York State but are tributary to the main stream at points in Pennsylvania. The elevation of the sources of the river is about 2,500 feet above sea level; at Olean, N. Y., the elevation is 1,420 feet; at Franklin, Pa., the elevation is 960 feet; at Pittsburgh the elevation is 692 feet. The basin is somewhat regular in shape, being about 21⁄2 times as long as it is wide. Its northwestern boundary is at one point about 8 miles from Lake Erie, lying within about 40 miles of Buffalo. Below Franklin, Pa., the river flows near the western boundary of its basin. The surrounding country is made up of high hills or mountains separated by deep valleys, but west of the main river the country is less mountainous though the surface is still rolling and hilly. The bed of the stream is composed chiefly of gravel ranging in size from small pebbles to cobblestones. The banks are made up of sand, gravel or clay. The area is underlain by shales, and except in stream valleys the soil has little depth. This basin is exceptionally rich in natural resources, coal, oil, gas, limestone, glass sand, and building stones occurring in abundance. This basin was at one time covered with timber, the principal varieties being pine and hemlock. At present, however, only light forests and brush are found at the headwaters of the tributaries, the pine and hemlock having been cut off some time ago. The mean annual rainfall in this region is about 40 inches and the winters are severe. Snowfall is heavy in the upper part of the basin and lasts for long periods, and ice forms to a thickness of about 2 feet. The heavy ice during the spring floods is very destructive. Jams frequently occur which cause considerable damage from backwater. Allegheny river is subject to very severe floods, which cause heavy losses to manufacturing and other interests along the river. The fall of the main river and tributaries is comparatively large and if the stream were in a district where fuels were more expensive, it would undoubtedly be much used for power. When the price of coal advances so that water power can compete with steam, the water power on this stream will be more extensively developed. The Cuba reservoir, which feeds the Erie canal through Genesee river, lies on the divide between the Allegheny and Genesee drainage basins. Part of the overflow from this reservoir passes into the Allegheny and the rest into the Genesee. STATION RECORDS ALLEGHENY RIVER AT RED HOUSE, N. Y. Location-At highway bridge at Red House, on the road leading from the Pennsylvania Railroad station to the Erie Railroad station; about 5 miles below Salamanca and 13 miles above the State line between New York and Pennsylvania. Conewango creek, the outlet of Chautauqua lake, enters the Allegheny in the State of Pennsylvania. Records available.— September 4, 1903, to September 30, 1914. Drainage area.— 1,640 square miles. (From U. S. Geological Survey water supply papers.) Gage. Standard chain, attached to the upstream side of bridge near lefthand end; datum unchanged. Read once daily to half tenths. Channel. Coarse gravel occasionally shifting. Current good for medium and high stages; rather slow at low stages. Discharge measurements.- Made from downstream side of bridge. Winter flow. Ice usually affects the relation between gage height and discharge for short periods during the winter months. Gage observations suspended during these periods. Regulation. Low-water flow may be slightly affected by the operation of several small power plants above Salamanca. At Olean, N. Y., a wasteway from Cuba reservoir enters the river through Olean creek. This reservoir is on the divide between Oil creek, tributary to Allegheny river, and Genesee river, tributary to Lake Ontario. The stored water is commonly turned into Genesee river through the abandoned summit level of Genesee river canal but may be diverted into Oil creek through a guard lock at the head of the canal. Co-operation. Station established and maintained by the United States Geological Survey in co-operation with the State Engineer and Surveyor. Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., during the year ending Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., for the year ending September 30, 1914 3.45 4.0 4.05 3.8 3.4 4.05 4.1 3.85 8. 9. 10. 3.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 5.2 3.95 4.95 4.2 4.25 11 4.6 3.9 6.8 3.55 8.4 6.6 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.4 8.2 6.5 3.75 3.3 3.05 3.3 7.8 6.6 3.55 3.3 3.05 3.3 3.35 5.4 4.0 4.8 7.7 8.5 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.4 5.6 4.1 4.75 4.45 7.1 8.8 3.4 3.25 3.0 4.55 7.0 10.4 3.5 3.3 3.0 4.5 3.6 7.3 10.4 3.5 3.3 3.1 4.35 3.8 7.4 8.4 4.4 4.45 7.2 6.8 4.05 5.0 7.2 5.6 7.6 7.0 5.6 7.5 7.2 8.2 3.3 6.0 4.15 3.8 20. 3.3 5.2 4.2 3.8 NOTE.- Discharge relation affected by ice from January 7 to 26, inclusive, and from about February 20 to March 13, inclusive. |