Steering and Sailing Rules.

Art. 14. When two sailing ships are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz. :—

(a.) A ship which is running free shall keep out of the way of
a ship which is close-hauled: The Peckforton Castle, L. R.
2 P. D. 222; L. R. 3 P. D. (C. A.) 1.

(b.) A ship which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out
of the way of a ship which is close-hauled on the starboard
tack: The Rosalie, L. R. 5 P. D. 245.

(c.) When both are running free with the wind on different sides, the ship which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d.) When both are running free with the wind on the same side,
the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of
the ship which is to leeward.

(e.) A ship which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of
the other ship: The Spring, L. R. 1 Ad. 99; 14 W. R. 975.
(This regulation is new in form.)

1863, 1880.

(11.)

(12.)

Art. 15. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly (13.) end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other: The Jesmond and The Earl of Elgin, L. R. 4 P. C. 1; 8 Moo. P. C. N. S. 179; The Concordia, L. R. 1 Ad. 93; 14 L. T. N. S. 896. This article only applies to cases where ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two ships which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other. The only cases to which it does apply are, when each of the two ships is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each ship sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which each ship is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

Art. 16. If two ships under steam are crossing, so as to involve (14.) risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other: The_Ranger and The Cologne, L. R. 4 P. C. 519; 27 L. T. N. S. 769; The Concordia, L. R. 1 Ad. 93; 14 L. T. N. S. 896; The Nor, 30 L. T. N. S. P. C. 576; The Ada, 28 L. T. N. S. P. C. 825; The Chanonry, 42 L. J. Ad. 58; 28 L. T. N. S. 284; The Velocity, L. R. 3 P. C. 44; 39 L. J. Ad. 20; The Franconia, L. R. 2 P. D. 8 ; 37 L. T. N. S. 721; The Oceano, L. R. 3 P. D. 60 (Thames Rules).

Art. 17. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship, and the other a steam ship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship: The Jennie S. Barker, L. R. 4 Ad. 226; 44 L. J. Ad. 20; The American and Syria, L. R. 4. Ad. 226 ; The Warrior, L. R. 3 Ad. 532 ; 27 L. T. N. S. 101; The Norma, 35 L. T. N. S. 418.

(15.)

Art. 18. Every steam ship, when approaching another ship, so as

(16.)

1863. 1880. to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed or stop and reverse, if necessary: The Jesmond and Earl of Elgin, L. R. 4 P. C. 1; 8 Moo. P. C. N. S. 179; The Norma, 35 L. T. Ñ. S. 418; The Frankland, L. R. 4 P. C. 529; 27 L. T. N. S. 43.

(17.)

(18.)

(19.)

(20.)

Art. 19. In taking any course authorized or required by these Regulations, a steam ship under way may indicate that course to any other ship which she has in sight by the following signals on her steam whistle, viz.,—

One short blast to mean "I am directing my course to star-
board":

Two short blasts to mean "I am directing my course to port":
Three short blasts to mean "I am going full speed astern.”
The use of these signals is optional; but, if they are used, the
course of the ship must be in accordance with the signal made.

(This regulation is new.)

Art. 20. Nothwitstanding anything contained in any preceding article, every ship, whether a sailing ship or a steam ship, overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken ship: The Chanonry, 42 L. J. Ad. 58; 28 L. T. Ñ. S. 284; The Earl Spencer, L. R. 4 Ad. 431; 33 L. T. N. S. 23.

Art. 21. In narrow channels every steam ship shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or midchannel which lies on the starboard side of such ship.

Art. 22. Where by the above rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course: The Aimo and Amelia, 29 L. T. N. S. 118; The Spring, L. R. 1 Ad. 99; 14 W. R. 975; The William Frederick, L. R. 4 App. Cas. 669; 41 L. T. 535; The Warrior, L. R. 3 Ad. 533; 27 L. T. N. S. 101.

Art. 23. In obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation, and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger: The American and Syria, L. R. 6 P. C. 127; 43 L. J. Ad. 30; The Ada, 28 L. T. N. S. P. C. 825; The Warrior, L. R. 3 Ad. 533; 27 L. T. N. S. 101.

No ship, under any Circumstances, to neglect proper Precautions.

Art. 24. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case: The John Fenwick, L. R. 3 Ad. 500; 41 L. J. Ad. 38 ; The American and Syria, L. R. 6 P. C. 127; 43 L. J. Ad. 30; The Thomas Lea, 35 L. T. N. S. 406; The Philotaxe, 37 L. T. N. S. 540.

Reservation of Rules for Harbours and Inland Navigation.

Art. 25. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule, duly made by local authority, relative to the navigation of any harbour, river, or inland navigation.

Special Lights for Squadrons and Convoys.

Art. 26. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for ships sailing under convoy.

1880.

SCHEDULES (M. S. A. 1873).

SCHEDULE I.

Signals of Distress.

In the daytime, the following signals, numbered 1, 2, and 3, when used or displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals of distress in the daytime:

1. A gun fired at intervals of about a minute:

2. The international code signal of distress indicated by NC:
3. The distant signal, consisting of a square flag having either
above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.

At night, the following signals, numbered 1, 2, and 3, when used or
displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals of dis-
tress at night :-

1. A gun fired at intervals of about a minute:

2. Flames on the ship (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel,
&c.) :

3. Rockets or shells of any colour or description fired at one
time, at short intervals.

F F

APPENDIX IV.

STATUTORY FORMS.

FORMS.

The forms marked with an asterisk (*) are those annexed to the rules for the High Court of Admiralty, made in pursuance of the Acts of 3 & 4 Vict. cc. 65 and 66, and 17 & 18 Vict. c. 78, approved and confirmed by the Queen in Council, 29th November, 1859, and 24th March, 1871, and which are still in force. Those marked (J. A.) are such as will be found in the schedules to the Judicature Acts, but the forms of April, 1880, have not been added to this edition. They are very numerous, and can be found in any work on practice generally, and do not apply specially to this division. It has been thought well, however, to retain the Judicature forms which appeared in the first edition.

We command you, that within eight days after the service of this writ on you, inclusive of the day of such service, you do cause an appearance to be entered for you in the Division of our

High Court of Justice, in an action at the suit of A. B.; and take

(a) This and the succeeding subordinate headings and figures refer to Schedule to the Judicature Acts.

notice, that in default of your so doing the plaintiff may proceed therein, and judgment may be given in your absence. Witness, &c.

Memorandum to be subscribed on the writ.

N.B.—This writ is to be served within (twelve) calendar months
from the date thereof, or, if renewed, from the date of
such renewal, including the day of such date, and not
afterwards.

The defendant [or defendants] may appear hereto by entering an
appearance [or appearances] either personally or by solicitor
at the [
] office at

Indorsements to be made on the writ before issue thereof.

The plaintiff's claim is for, &c.
This writ was issued by E. F.,

plaintiff, who resides at

of

the plaintiff in person, who resides at

solicitor for the said

the city, town, or parish, and also the name of the street and number of the house of the plaintiff's residence, if any].

Indorsement to be made on the writ after service thereof.

This writ was served by X. Y. on L. M. [the defendant, or one of the defendants], on Monday, the

day of
(Signed)

18

X. Y.

No. 2.

Writ for Service out of the Jurisdiction, or where Notice in lieu of Service is to be given out of the Jurisdiction.

We command you, C. D., that within [here insert the number of days directed by the Court or Judge ordering the service or notice] after the service of this writ [or notice of this writ, as the case may be] on you, inclusive of the day of such service, you do cause an appearance to be entered for you in the Division of our High Court of Justice in an action at the suit of A. B.; and take notice, that in default of your so doing the plaintiff may proceed therein, and judgment may be given in your absence. Witness, &c.

Memoranda and Indorsements as in Form No. 1.

Indorsement to be made on the writ before the issue thereof.

N.B.-This writ is to be used where the defendant or all the defendants or one or more defendant or defendants is or are out of the jurisdiction.