with a turning basin of the same depth off the wharf. The creek has a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) for a mile above the steamboat wharf and is extensively used as a harbor for small vessels. There is excellent anchorage for a limited number of vessels of 9 feet (2.7 m.) or less draft, and depths of 4 to 9 feet (1.2 to 2.7 m.) at the wharves. It is frequented by passenger steamers, schooners, and barges of 10 feet (3 m.) or less draft. A ferryboat runs regularly to Irvington.

There is a railway at Urbanna for hauling out boats of 50 feet length and 5 feet (1.5 m.) draft, and a machine shop for ordinary repairs to motors.

The entrance to Urbanna Creek is marked by a buoy and two lights. A large brick hotel on the hill on the north side and some cottages near the entrance are prominent. The mean range of tide is 1.6 feet.

To enter, approach the outer light (fixed red) on a westerly course, pass 100 feet southward of it and the red buoy near the inner end of the jetty, pass about midway between the wharf just westward of the red buoy and the inner light, and then keep in midchannel to the steamboat wharf at the north end of the bridge. The bridge crossing Urbanna Creek has a sliding draw with an opening 27.8 feet wide.

There is a long wharf at West Urbanna (Remlik), 3⁄4 mile northwestward of the entrance to Urbanna Creek, at which the steamers make regular landings. A water tank on shore and the white buildings on the end of the wharf are prominent.

On Balls Point there is a prominent white flagpole and a water tank showing above the trees.

Robinsons Creek, just northward of West Urbanna, has a depth of 5 feet (1.5 m.) in the entrance and 3 feet (0.9 m.) to the head.

La Grange Creek, 134 miles northward of Urbanna Creek, has a depth of 7 feet (2.1 m.) in the entrance and 3 feet (0.9 m.) for 11⁄2 miles above.

Weeks Creek, on the southwest side of the river 4 miles above Urbanna Creek, has a depth of about 2 feet (0.6 m.) and is seldom used.

Monaskon is a post office and wharf on the northeast side of the river, 52 miles above Urbanna Creek. Gasoline and oil may be purchased.

Waterview is a wharf and post office on the southwest side of the river 6 miles above Urbanna Creek. Just west of Waterview is Parrotts Creek, which has a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.) in the entrance and 2 feet (0.6 m.) to near the head. Mud Creek, just northward of Parrotts Creek, is generally bare at low water inside.

Deep Creek, on the northeast side of Rappahannock River 8 miles above Urbanna Creek, has a depth of 2 feet (0.6 m.) across the flats at the entrance and 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 m.) inside to several branches. The deepest draft using it is about 4 feet (6.2 m.).

Whealton Wharf (Morattico post office), on the northeast side of the river 91/2 miles above Urbanna Creek, is an important shipping point. The long wharf and several buildings on the end are prominent. Mulberry Creek, just eastward of the wharf, has a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.) at the entrance and 2 feet (1.6 m.) to the head. In

December, 1928, there was 612 feet (1.9 m.) in a dredged channel across the creek to the wharves at Morattico. Just westward of Whealton Wharf is Lancaster Creek, which has a depth of 5 feet (1.5 m.) for 1 mile and 2 feet (0.6 m.) to Woodhouse Landing, 42 miles above the entrance.

Morattico Creek, emptying into Lancaster Creek from northward, has a depth of 3 feet (0.9 m.) at the entrance and 2 feet (0.6 m.) to near the head. Farnham Creek, 31⁄2 miles northwestward of Whealton, has a depth of 22 feet (0.7 m.) at the entrance and for a distance of 3 miles above. All of these creeks are frequented by many motor boats and lighters carrying farm and wood products and general merchandise.

Bayport is a wharf and post office on the southwest side of the river opposite Whealton. On the northeast side 4 miles above Whealton is Sharps Wharf, a steamer wharf and freight transfer point, and alongside of it a gasoline and oil station with prominent white tanks on the end of the wharf. On the southwest side just westward of Bowlers Rock Lighthouse (flashing white) is Bowlers Wharf. A draft of 8 feet (2.4 m.) can be taken to the latter from northnorthwestward and 9 feet (2.7 m.) east-southeastward. A foul area containing numerous uncharted rocks is reported to exist on the west side of the channel from 1/4 mile southeastward of Bowlers Rock light to 134 miles northwestward of the light. This area should be avoided in approaching Bowlers Wharf.

Totuskey River, on the northeast side of Rappahannock River, 3 miles above Bowlers Rock Lighthouse, has a depth of 42 feet (1.3 m.) across the bar at the entrance and 312 feet (1 m.) inside to a fixed bridge, 42 miles above the entrance. The deepest draft using it is 6 feet (1.8 m.). The channel is narrow in places and difficult without local knowledge.

Wellfords Wharf is on the northeast side of Rappahannock River 4 miles above Bowlers Rock Lighthouse, and Wares Wharf is directly opposite on the southwest side. The former has 9 feet (2.7 m.) of water alongside and the latter 10 feet (3 m.).

Piscataway Creek, on the southwest side 22 miles below Tappahannock, has a depth of 32 feet (1 m.) across the flats at the entrance and 6 feet (1.8 m.) inside for a distance of 5 miles; the deepest draft using it is 6 feet (1.8 m.). It is crossed by a drawbridge 4 miles above the entrance, having a single opening 28.6 feet wide. Directly opposite Piscataway Creek is Little Carters Creek, having a depth of 32 feet (1 m.) at the entrance and 2 feet (0.6 m.) for a distance of 3 miles.

Hoskins Creek, just below Tappahannock, has a depth of 2 feet (0.6 m.) across the bar at the entrance and deeper water inside for a considerable distance. It is crossed by a drawbridge 5% mile above the entrance.

Tappahannock is a village on the western side of Rappahannock River 39 miles above the entrance. There is a steamer wharf with conspicuous red buildings on the end and a depth of 9 feet (2.7 m.) alongside. Just south of this dock is an oil dock with about 5 feet (1.5 m.) at the end. Gasoline, Diesel oil, and motor oils are for sale here in large quantities. Between these docks the water is shallow. Groceries can be obtained in the village,

A highway bridge crosses the river at Tappahannock. It has a draw span 100 feet wide between fenders, with a high-water clearance of 10 feet.

There are numerous wharves and landings between Tappahannock and Fredericksburg, some of them being post offices, but no villages except Port Royal. The most important landings are Naylors and Leedstown, 234 and 15 miles, respectively, above Tappahannock.

The channel for 2 miles above the Tappahannock bridge is narrow and shallow. It had a controlling depth of about 12 feet (3.6 m.) in December, 1928, in the channel a short distance above buoy No. 4A. This part of the river is buoyed but the depths outside of the channel are shallow.

The white buildings at Naylors are prominent and serve as a leading mark when coming down river.

The channel above here is generally marked by bush stakes.

Cat Point Creek, on the northeast side 211⁄2 miles above Tappahannock, has a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m.) across the bar at the entrance and deeper water inside for 7 miles. The deepest draft using it is 6 feet (1.8 m.). A drawbridge crosses the creek just inside the entrance.

Mount Landing Creek, on the southwest side 2 miles above Tappahannock, has a depth of 12 feet (0.4 m.) across the flats at the entrance and deeper water inside for 311⁄2 miles.

Occupacia Creek, on the western side 7 miles above Tappahannock, has a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.) across the bar at the entrance and for 534 miles above in the main branch. The eastern branch has a depth of 2 feet (0.6 m.) to a fixed bridge 114 miles above its entrance. There are no wharves on either branch. The creeks emptying into Rappahannock River above Occupacia Creek are all shoal and of little interest to navigation.

Carters Wharf, on the east bank about 10 miles above Tappahannock Bridge has some conspicuous cannery buildings.

Laytons Wharf, on the west bank 4 miles above Carters, has two docks; one, from which lumber and ties are shipped, is in fair condition.

Port Royal is a village on the southwest side of Rappahannock River 70 miles above the entrance. Port Conway is a village opposite Port Royal. The controlling depth in January, 1929, to Port Royal was 9.6 feet (2.9 m.).

Newton Rock, on the southwest side 2 miles below the wharves of Fredericksburg, is bare at a little below high water. It lies 50 feet from the high-water shore line and the best water leads 100 feet outside of it.

Fredericksburg, a city at the head of navigation on Rappahannock River, has some trade by water, carried mostly in the regular steamers and in barges of 8 to 9 feet (2.4 to 2.7 m.) draft. Steamer navigation terminates at the wharves at the southern end of the city, though small boats can go about 1 mile farther. The river is crossed by two fixed bridges just above the wharves. Anchorage room is limited and vessels generally make fast to the wharves.

Anchorages. Good anchorages for deep-draft vessels will be found in the mouth of the river southward or westward of Mosquito

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Point. Vessels can anchor anywhere in the channel of the river where the bottom is soft and the depth suitable. Carter and Urbanna Creeks are extensively used as harbors for small craft.

Pilots.-Pilotage is not compulsory for Rappahannock River. Strangers bound up the river can obtain a pilot at Carter Creek, Urbanna, or Tappahannock, and unless of light draft should not go above the latter place without one. Pilots for the upper part of the river can also be found at Port Royal.

Supplies.-Gasoline and provisions can be obtained at Irvington, Weems, Urbanna, Tappahannock, Port Royal, Port Conway, and Fredericksburg, and there are stores at many of the other landings where some supplies are obtainable. Artesian water can be had at or near the wharves in Carter Creek, at Urbanna, Tappahannock, Fredericksburg, and several other landings. Coal can be obtained at Fredericksburg and in limited quantities from the fish factories. in Carter Creek.

Repairs to hulls of vessels up to 1,000 tons, 180 feet length, and 12 feet (3.6 m.) draft, can be made in Carter Creek, and to boats of 50 feet length and 5 feet (1.5 m.) draft in Urbanna Creek. There are machine shops at both places and at Fredericksburg, where ordinary repairs to machinery can be made. Railways for hauling out small motor boats can be found in Mill and Lockley Creeks, Eastern Branch of Corrotoman River, and at Fredericksburg.

Ice, during severe winters, closes the river nearly to its mouth, but during ordinary winters the channels are usually kept open by the regular steamers. Ice, sufficient to interfere with navigation of small craft, will usually be met with in January and February and is most often found above Port Royal.

Freshets occur during the spring and fall, but are of short duration, and are not ordinarily dangerous to shipping. The highest water level on record was 32.8 feet (10 m.) above mean low water at Fredericksburg, but the usual height due to freshets is not over 9 to 12 feet (2.7 to 3.6 m.) and only occasionally rises above the wharves. The effect on the water level due to freshets decreases rapidly below Fredericksburg, and is ordinarily negligible below Farleyvale Reach, 11 miles below. The water is usually fresh above Port Royal, but is not suitable for use in boilers.

Tides. The mean range of the tides at the mouth of the river is 1.2 feet; at Tappahannock, 1.6 feet; and at Fredericksburg, 2.8 feet. It is high water at the mouth of the river 1 hour 45 minutes after high water at Old Point Comfort, and at Tappahannock 4 hours 30 minutes later than at the mouth of the river.

Currents. The currents follow the general direction of the channel. In the upper reaches of the river the velocities of the currents and the times of slack water vary to a considerable extent, due principally to freshets, but also to some extent to winds; they vary in a similar manner in the lower part of the river, but to a much less extent.

Off Mosquito Point. The slack waters and strengths of flood and ebb current occur about 3/4 hour after the time of the corresponding slack waters and strengths at Chesapeake Bay entrance. The slack water before flood occurs about 2 hours before the time of high water at Old Point Comfort and the slack water before ebb occurs about

234 hours before low water at Old Point Comfort. The average velocity at strength of flood or ebb is about 3/4 knot.

At Tappahannock. The slack waters and strengths of flood and ebb current occurs about 334 hours after the time of the corresponding slack waters and strengths of current at Chesapeake Bay entrance. The slack water before flood occurs about 1 hour after the time of high water at Old Point Comfort and the slack water before ebb occurs about 12 hour after the time of low water at Old Point Comfort. At Tappahannock Bridge the average velocity at strength of flood or ebb is about 114 knots.

The approach to Rappahannock River leads between Rappahannock Spit on the north and Stingray Point Shoal on the south. The shores on both sides at the entrance are wooded, and the most prominent landmarks are Windmill Point Lighthouse (fixed white) and Stingray Point Lighthouse (fixed red), both white houses on piles. Rappahannock Spit, extending 4.4 miles east-southeastward from Windmill Point, is marked by Windmill Point Lighthouse near the center, and a black gas buoy at the outer end. A red and black bell buoy 0.4 mile west-northwestward of the gas buoy marks the wreck of the ram Katahdin. Vessels of 10 feet (3 m.) draft can cross the spit anywhere between the lighthouse and the gas buoy provided it is clear of fish traps. A clear passage is always maintained through the traps in a northeasterly direction passing 1/2 mile east of the lighthouse. It is marked on the eastern side by white and black striped buoys. Charts 1223 and 535 show fish trap limits along the entrance and in the river.

The channel from the mouth to Tappahannock is comparatively straight, gradually decreasing in width, and leads between shoals which make out from both banks. The principal dangers are marked. Strangers should have no trouble in taking a draft of 10 feet (3 m.) to Tappahannock by day, with the aid of the chart. Above Tappahannock the river is narrow and crooked and requires local knowledge. Rocks occur in places on both sides of the channel for a distance of 4 miles below Fredericksburg, and the shores should be given a good berth. Strangers can safely carry a draft of 6 feet (1.8 m.) to Fredericksburg with the aid of the chart, but with a deeper draft are advised to take a pilot at Tappahannock.

Directions, Rappahannock River entrance to Tappahannock

[Abbreviations for lights: F., fixed; Fl. flashing, R. red. Color white unless otherwise