shoaler part of the ridge is marked by a horizontally striped buoy, which lies 11 miles 274° true (W. by N. mag.) from Hårbor of Refuge Lighthouse. Another similar buoy, located 3% mile northeastward of the angle in the inner breakwater, marks a continuation of the above shoal but with deeper water over it. Depths of 24 feet (7.2 m.) have been found on the ridge for a distance of 600 yards south-southeastward from the latter buoy.

Harbor of Refuge Lighthouse, on the south end of the Harbor of Refuge Breakwater, is a flashing white light, 72 feet (21.9 m.) above the water and visible 16 miles. Red sector from 325° to 351° true covers Hen and Chickens Shoal, and from 127° to 175° covers Brown Shoal. The fog signal is a siren giving blasts as follows:

Three 2-second blasts, 2 seconds apart; silent 35 seconds. A bell is struck once every 15 seconds if the siren is disabled.

On the north end of the Harbor of Refuge Breakwater and on the west end of Delaware Breakwater are fixed red lights.

Broadkill River empties into the Delaware River 32 miles northwestward of Lewes. A channel has been dredged in the entrance and to the town of Milton, the head of navigation, 10 miles above the mouth. A jetty, marked on its end by a beacon and a flashing white light, has been constructed on the west side at the mouth. The entrance is subject to rapid change. In 1929 there was a depth of 2.9 feet (0.9 m.) in the mouth and 3.5 feet (1 m.) from there to the town of Milton. A drawbridge crosses the creek about 5 miles above the mouth. The draw has a clear width of 35 feet, a headroom of 4 feet at high water when closed, and a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) in the opening.

Shoals extend about 300 yards offshore to the 6-foot (1.8 m.) curve, and are subject to change. The channel leads close to the jetty, and thence to the head the mid-channel is the best water, except for a middle ground, bare at a little below high water, which lies 1 mile above the mouth. The middle ground shows discolored water at all times, is usually marked by bush stakes, and the best water is on its south side.

The entrance to the canal which connects Delaware Bay with Rehoboth Bay is about 12 mile inside the entrance of Broadkill River, and is described under the heading, "Inside waters, Cape Henlopen to Cape Charles."

Tides. The mean range of tides is 4.4 feet at the entrance and 3.5 feet at Milton. High and low water at Milton occur 55 minutes later than at the entrance.

There are several drainage canals between Broadkill and Mispillion Rivers, which are used to some extent for purposes of navigation by small local boats, but they are of little interest to a stranger.

Mispillion River lies 13 miles northwestward of Lewes and is marked at the entrance by a lighthouse (brown, pyramidal, skeleton steel tower with white daymark; flashing white light with a red sector); and by a fish factory just inside the mouth. A channel 4.3 feet (1.3 m.) deep and 150 feet wide has been dredged at the entrance, and 4.1 feet (1.2 m.) deep and 60 to 75 feet wide from there to the town of Milford, at the head of navigation 12 miles above the entrance. A long jetty, having an occulting red light with white sector near the end, has been constructed on the south side of the mouth, and a short jetty on the north side. The river is used by freight steamers, some schooners, and motor boats, the deepest draft being 7 feet (2.1 m.).

Vessels bound into Mispillion River from northward steer southwestward from the gas buoy at the north end of Old Bare Shoal until off the dredged cut, and then follow the south jetty at a distance of 100 feet through the cut on a 30812° true (NW. 1 N. mag.) course for Mispillion River Lighthouse. At night the northeasterly edge of the red sector leads along the axis of the dredged channel. From the inner end of the jetty the channel follows closely the south and west sides until above the lighthouse wharf and then follows a general mid-channel course to Milford, passing southward of the island lying 1 mile above the mouth. The channel is very crooked, and steamers have difficulty in making some of the turns. From southward steer on the range of the south jetty light and Mispillion Lighthouse.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 5.1 feet at the entrance and 4.1 feet at Milford. High and low water at Milford occur 1 hour and 5 minutes later than at the entrance.

Murderkill River is 8 miles northward of Mispillion River, 245° true (WSW. 11⁄2 W. mag.) from Miah Maull Shoal Lighthouse. A channel 7 feet (2.1 m.) deep and 100 feet wide has been dredged across the flats into the entrance, and 7 feet (2.1 m.) deep and 80 feet wide to the town of Frederica, at the head of navigation, 7 miles above the mouth. In 1928 the controlling depth at mean low water was 5.2 feet (1.5 m.) at the mouth and 5.4 feet (1.6 m.) from there to the

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town of Frederica. The deepest draft ordinarily going to Frederica is about 7 feet (2.1 m.). The river is used by steamers and schooners to Frederica and by fishing and oyster boats at the entrance. A freight steamer makes regular trips to Frederica.

There is a lighted range for entering Murderkill River. The front range is a white skeleton tower just above the steamer wharf, and shows against a low gray building with higher buildings on either side. There is a low iron chimney showing about 100 feet to the right of it. The back range is a black skeleton tower and shows well above the buildings at Bowers.

There is a mud bank along the south side of the entrance cut, which is bare for a considerable distance at low water, marked by bush stakes. There is a can buoy off the entrance, maintained at the intersection of the Murderkill and St. Jones River ranges.

To enter Murderkill River, from the can buoy head in on the range, course 247° true (WSW. 5% W. mag.), passing 40 feet northward of the bushes marking the mud bank. From the wharf at Bowers, the best water generally favors the ebb-tide bends to the head. The river has been straightened by cuts across the sharper bends, the old bed of the stream having been filled by the dredged material near the cuts.

Bowers is a post village and summer resort on the point of land between Murderkill and St. Jones Rivers, and is prominent from offshore. Gasoline and provisions are obtainable.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 5.4 feet at the entrance and 3.0 feet at Frederica.

St. Jones River is just north of Murderkill River. In 1928 there was a depth from the bar to the mouth of the river of 3.1 feet (0.9 m.), thence to Lebanon, a village 912 miles above the mouth, a depth of 5.5 feet (1.6 m.), and from here to a point 2.7 miles above the Lebanon Highway bridge a depth of 6.5 feet (1.9 m.). Beyond this point there was a depth of 3 feet (0.9 m.) to Dover, 15 miles above the mouth. The deepest draft entering the river is 8 feet (2.4 m.).

A drawbridge with a clear width of 31 feet crosses the river at Barker Landing, 6 miles above the mouth, and 1 mile westward of the bridge is the village of Magnolia. A drawbridge crosses the river at Lebanon; width of opening 30 feet. Dover has railroad communication, and Lebanon and the landings below have communication with Philadelphia by a passenger steamer.

There is a lighted range for entering St. Jones River. The front light is flashing red and the rear one is occulting red. Both are carried on white posts. A mud bank on the south side of the entrance is bare at the inner end at half tide and at the outer end at extreme. low water, and is usually marked by bush stakes.

To enter, St. Jones River, from the gas buoy (can buoy substituted when the ice runs) off the entrance, head in on the range, course 266° true (W. 14 N. mag.), passing 40 feet northward of the bushes marking the mud bank. From Bowers Landing, just inside the mouth, the best water favors the southwest side for about 11⁄2 mile, and then a general mid-channel course in the straight reaches and the ebb-tide bends in the curves is the best to the head.

Tides.-The mean range of tides is 5.4 feet at the entrance, 3 feet at Lebanon, and 1.2 feet at Dover.

Little Creek, 12 miles southward of Mahon River Lighthouse, is navigable to the village of Little Creek, 22 miles above the mouth. A channel has been dredged to a depth of 5 feet (1.5 m.) to Little Creek, 60 feet wide across the bar and 40 feet wide in the creek. The controlling depth in 1928 was 2.8 feet (0.8 m.) at the mouth, thence 2.7 feet (0.8 m.) to a point 1,000 feet downstream from the highway bridge at Little Creek, thence 2.5 feet (0.7 m.) to the landing at Little Creek.

There is a lighted range for entering, course 310° true (NW. 14 N. mag.), plainly visible by day. The best water follows the northeast side around the bend from the north point at the entrance until past the front light, and then the mid-channel to the head. Small boats can go a short distance above a drawbridge at Little Creek.

Tides.-The mean range of tides is 5.6 feet at the entrance and 4.5 feet at Little Creek. High and low water at Little Creek occur 30 minutes and 50 minutes, respectively, later than at the entrance.

Mahon River is marked by Mahon River Lighthouse (flashing white with 3 red sectors) and three smaller houses around it. There is a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m.) across the bar at the mouth and 10 to 15 feet (3 to 4.5 m.) inside, and it is extensively used as an anchorage by oyster and fishing boats. The point of marsh on the

east side at the entrance is wearing away, and a shoal extends southward from it. The base of an old lighthouse, which is covered at high water, lies close inshore, 3% mile southward of the entrance. The southerly edge of the east red sector of Mahon River Lighthouse marks the entrance at night. Small boats can pass through Mahon River into Dona River, but there is little business above the mouth. Dona River, 21/4 miles northward of Mahon River Lighthouse, has a depth of about 3 or 4 feet (0.9 or 1.2 m.) across the flats at the mouth and 6 to 12 feet (1.8 to 3.6 m.) inside. It is used to some extent as an anchorage. The entrance is not marked. Small boats can, with difficulty, pass through into Leipsic River, but it is not often done.

Leipsic River, 31⁄2 miles northward of Mahon River Lighthouse, and 334 miles south-southwestward of Ship John Shoal Lighthouse, is the approach to the town of Leipsic, about 811⁄2 miles above the mouth. A channel 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep and 50 feet wide, with several cut-offs, has been dredged to Leipsic, and 5 feet (1.5 m.) deep and 40 feet wide to the head of navigation about 411⁄2 miles above Leipsic, with a turning basin at the head. The controlling depth in 1928 was 6.5 feet (1.9 m.) to the mouth, and 6.4 feet (1.9 m.) from there to Leipsic, thence 2.5 feet (0.7 m.) to Garrison Mill. A drawbridge with a draw opening 35 feet wide crosses the river at Leipsic. The south opening has the best water.

There is a lighted range for entering Leipsic River, each a post with slatted daymark, plainly visible by day. The course on the range is 285° true (WNW. mag.), and it should be closely followed to avoid shoals close to it on the south side. Above the entrance a general mid-channel course is the best.

Tides.-The mean range of tides is 5.6 feet at the entrance, 3.8 feet at Leipsic, and 2.5 feet, at the head of navigation.

Duck Creek, extending from Leipsic River to Smyrna River, is navigable at high water throughout most of its length from Leipsic River, but has a dam at the northern end which prevents entrance from Smyrna River. It is used only by boats with hunting parties and schooners carrying marsh hay. A fixed bridge crosses the creek just back of Woodland Beach.

Smyrna River, 534 miles southward of Stony Point Shoal, is navigable to Smyrna Landing, about 9 miles above the mouth and 1 mile from the town of Smyrna. The deepest draft entering is about 712 feet (2.2 m.), and this draft is taken to Mill Creek at high water. In 1928 a depth of 5.6 feet (1.7 m.) existed from the bay to the mouth of the river, thence 5.3 feet (1.6 m.) to Mill Creek, thence 2.9 feet (0.9 m.) to Prices Landing, thence 1.6 feet (0.5 m.) to Smyrna Landing.

There is a lighted range for entering, course 237° true, (SW. by W. 34 W. mag.), front light flashing red, on a white iron post, and rear light occulting white, on a skeleton tower, both plainly visible by day. A white dwelling shows 250 yards to the left of the

range.

There is a spoil bank, bare at low water, on the south side of the entrance of Smyrna River. The range leads across a shoal bar about 2 mile outside the entrance. Local steamers usually enter at near high water, when the bar can be crossed on the range, but