Riverside is a town on the south side of Rancocas River, 114 miles above the entrance. It has several factories and considerable business by water.

Delanco is a town on the north side of Rancocas River, 11⁄2 miles above the entrance. There are wharves on both the Delaware and Rancocas River water fronts. There is a railway here capable of hauling out boats of 50 feet length and 5 feet (1.5 m.) draft. Two center-pier drawbridges cross Rancocas River between Delanco and Riverside. Each opening in the highway bridge is 50 feet wide and in the railroad bridge 43 feet.

Bridgeboro is a village on the south side of Rancocas River, 3 miles above the mouth. A bascule bridge with opening 60 feet wide, and a swing bridge, opening 45 feet wide, cross the river at this point. Bougher is a village on the south side of Rancocas River, 7 miles above the mouth. A bridge having a center-pier draw with a width of 502 feet in the south opening crosses the river at this point. The north opening is shoal.

Hawk Island is a marshy island, wooded in the center, at the junction of Delaware and Rancocas Rivers.

Mud Island, 3/4 mile northward of Hawk Island, is a mud flat covered with marsh grass in summer and is partially submerged at high water. A channel used only by motor boats leads around the northwest side.

Beverly is a city on the eastern side, 9 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. The principal business by water is by the regular river steamers and a few coal barges. There is a depth of 9 feet (2.7 m.) at the steamboat wharf. A black standpipe is prominent.

Edgewater Park is a settlement of summer residences along the high bank eastward of Beverly. There are no wharves except for small motor boats.

Neshaminy Creek, on the northern side, 34 mile east-northeastward of the standpipe at Beverly, has a depth of about 3 feet (0.9 m.) at the mouth and is used at high water by barges of 8 feet (2.4 m.) draft and by pleasure boats to the second bridge 114 miles above the mouth. It is crossed by four fixed bridges, under which barges and motor boats can pass.

Burlington is a city on the southern side of Delaware River, 12 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. It has several industrial plants, and considerable trade by water in steamers, schooners, and barges, the deepest draft being 15 feet (4.5 m.). There is a depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) at the public wharf, 400 yards westward of a broad standpipe. Water and coal can be obtained at the wharves. The city is connected with Bristol by a ferry, which in summer also makes landings at Burlington Island.

Burlington Island, just north of the city of Burlington, is high and sparsely wooded. The center of the island is occupied by a pleasure park (Burlington Island Park). There is a wharf on the northwest side opposite Bristol with a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.) at the end, at which river steamers and motor boats land. The channel southeastward of the island has a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.), being shoalest, at the upper end. Vessels of 12 to 15 feet (3.6 to 4.5 m.)

draft use the lower end as far as a pipe foundry, 34 mile above the entrance, but the upper end is used only by motor boats.

Bristol is a town on the northwest side of the river, 13 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. It is the terminus of the Delaware & Lehigh Canal. The principal trade by water is by the regular steamer line. There is a depth of 12 to 16 feet (3.6 to 4.8 m.) at the wharves.

The entrance to the Delaware & Lehigh Canal is at the south end of the town of Bristol. It is navigable to Easton and Mauch Chunk, distant 52 and 94 miles, respectively, above the entrance, and is used principally by coal barges and an occasional motor boat and yacht. The locks are 90 feet long, 11 feet wide, and 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep.

Florence is a town on the south side of the river, 16 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. There is a large pipe foundry on the point at the bend of the river, at which schooners and barges load to a draft of 14 feet (4.2 m.). The steamboat wharf, 34 mile eastward of the bend, has a depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) at the end.

Money Island, abreast the eastern end of Florence, is a wooded marsh. The channel northward of the island is bare at low water. Roebling is a town established in connection with a large wireworks 172 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. There is a depth of 10 feet (3 m.) at the clubhouse wharf and 12 feet (3.6 m.) at the wireworks wharf 400 yards above. There is considerable dredging for sand outside the dredged channel between Roebling and Newbold Island.

Newbold Island, 181⁄2 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia, is high and sparsely wooded, and has a house on the northwest side. A dike extends 300 yards westward from the lower end. The channel eastward of the island is nearly bare at low water.

Fieldsboro is a town on the high bank on the east side of the river, 3⁄4 mile above the upper end of Newbold Island. There are factories and a railroad yard close alongshore at the foot of the bank. The steamboat wharf has a depth of 10 feet (3 m.) at the end.

Bordentown is on the high bank on the east side of the river, 21 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia. It is important as the outlet to the Delaware & Raritan Canal, which is described on page 246. There is a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) at mean low water in the entrance to the canal between the black and red buoy marking the channel near its lower end. The bottom, however, is soft. There is a depth of 9 feet (2.7 m.) at the steamboat wharf. Gasoline and provisions are obtainable.

Crosswick Creek, at the north end of Bordentown, has a depth of about 3 feet (0.9 m.) for 3 miles above the mouth, but the channel is crooked and difficult. A fixed bridge, under which small boats can pass, crosses the creek at the mouth.

The dredged channel from Bordentown to Trenton is well marked by buoys and range lights, and is easily followed. The piers of an unfinished railroad bridge are located in the river about 2 miles below the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton. There are two main openings between the piers each 120 feet wide,

Trenton, at the head of navigation, 241⁄2 miles above the railroad bridge at Philadelphia, has two wharves at the lower end of the city, with a depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) at the ends. A dredged channel 200 feet wide with a controlling depth of 13 feet (3.9 m.) leads along the water front to the railroad bridge, with a turning basin just below the bridge. The city wharf is at the head of the channel and has a depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) alongside. There is also a city wharf near the lower end of the city used for handling low-grade freight, and a public landing for yachts. The mid river south of the railroad bridge has a depth of 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 m.) and is used only as an anchorage for motor boats. There is no navigation above the bridge. The deepest draft of vessels going to the wharves are tugboats and coal barges drawing 10 feet (3 m.).

Tides.-The mean range of the tides is 5.2 feet at Philadelphia, 4.9 feet at Burlington and Bordentown, and 4.8 feet at Trenton. Daily predictions for Philadelphia are given in the tide tables published annually by the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Ice. The river above Philadelphia is generally closed to navigation by ice for extended periods during January and February, and during severe winters navigation is practically suspended during these months. Ice seldom forms before January.

Freshets. During March and April freshets of from 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 m.) in height above mean low water may be expected at Trenton. The highest water level is reached during the breaking up of the ice in the spring, and rain freshets do not ordinarily cause a height of over 9 feet (2.7 m.) above mean low water. Unless accompanied by ice, freshets are not ordinarily dangerous to shipping. The highest freshet on record, occurring in 1903, reached a height above low water of 21.6 feet at Trenton, 19.6 feet at Bordentown, and 12.8 feet at Bristol.

Directions for Delaware River from Bordentown to Reedy Point are given on pages 256 to 258, under the heading "Inside route, New York to Norfolk."

COAST FROM CAPE HENLOPEN TO CAPE CHARLES

[Charts 1219 to 1222]

From Cape Henlopen the coast trends southward for 21 miles to Fenwick Island Lighthouse and then trends south-southwestward for 96 miles to Cape Charles. The coast southward of Cape Henlopen is a chain of low sand beaches, backed by woods, and presents few characteristic features from offshore. There are few towns along the outer beach, and the most prominent marks are the lighthouses and Coast Guard stations. There are no harbors of refuge between Cape Henlopen and Cape Charles. Assateague Anchorage, which was formerly used, has filled in and can only be used by shallowdraft boats. The inlets and interior waters are described under "Inland waters, Cape Henlopen to Cape Charles," page 88.

The only towns visible from offshore between Cape Henlopen and Cape Charles are the summer resorts of Rehoboth, Bethany Beach, and Ocean City, 5, 16, and 29 miles, respectively, southward of Cape Henlopen. Rehoboth is distinguished by a standpipe, and a large hotel; Bethany Beach by a small group of houses without

prominent marks; and Ocean City by a water tank and several other prominent objects.

The coast between Cape Henlopen and Cape Charles is fringed with broken ground, on which lumps with depths up to 6 fathoms (10.9 m.) are found for distances of 8 to 11 miles from shore. The latest information from the old surveys respecting the outlying shoals is shown on the charts. The principal ones to which names have been applied are mentioned in the following description. There are lightships off the outer edge of the broken ground and deepdraft vessels keep outside of them.

Hen and Chickens Shoal, close inshore off Cape Henlopen, by the last survey, had a least found depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.), and there was a channel westward of it with a least depth of 22 feet (6.7 m.), seldom used except by small boats. Strangers should pass outside of it. At night a red sector in Harbor of Refuge Lighthouse covers the shoal. A black buoy, lying nearly 2 miles southeastward of Cape Henlopen Coast Guard station, marks the south end of the shoaler part, but a bank with 4 to 5 fathoms (7.3 to 9.1 m.) extends 3 miles southeastward from the buoy; this extension is marked by a gas and whistling buoy.

Fenwick Island Lighthouse (occulting white) has a white tower, 83 feet (25.3 m.) above the water, and visible 15 miles.

Shoals with depths of 5 fathoms (9.1 m.) or less extend 8 miles offshore eastward of Fenwick Island Lighthouse. Fenwick Island Shoal had a least depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.) by the last survey and is marked on the west side by a black gas and whistling buoy. A spot with 5 fathoms (9.1 m.) over it lies 1011⁄2 miles 92° true (E. % S. mag.) from Fenwick Island Lighthouse.

Fenwick Island Shoal Lightship, 14 miles 98° true (ESE. % E. mag.) from Fenwick Island Lighthouse, has a red hull with a white band covering bulwarks and "FENWICK" on each side and two masts with a black lantern gallery at each masthead. The light is 66 feet (20.1 m.) above the water, group flashing white, 3 flashes every 12 seconds, visible 14 miles. A riding light (fixed white) is exhibited from the forestay. The fog signal is a siren, blast 3 seconds, silent 17 seconds. If the siren is disabled a steam whistle will sound the same characteristic. The submarine bell strikes "3" every 6 seconds. The station buoy, red nun, lies 700 yards northward and marks a wreck.

Isle of Wight Shoal, 7 miles 120° true (SE. 34 E. mag.) from Fenwick Island Lighthouse, had a least depth of 16 feet (4.8 m.) by a late survey and is marked on the western side by a horizontally striped buoy. A shoal with 32 fathoms (6.4 m.) on it lies about midway between Isle of Wight Shoal and Fenwick Island Shoal. It was reported that soundings of from 5 to 9 fathoms (10 to 16.4 m.) were obtained on a shoal about 10 miles southeast from Fenwick Island Shoal Lightship. A subsequent search failed to reveal the 512-fathom (10 m.) spot, but a least depth of 62 fathoms (11.9 m.) was found 11.4 miles 120° true from the lightship.

Little Gull Bank, 211⁄2 miles southeastward of Ocean City, has a least depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) by the last survey. It is marked by a gas and whistling buoy lying 13 miles off the southeast side, and at

the southwest end by a horizontally striped buoy. There is a wreck with 24 feet (7.3 m.) over it just south of the gas and whistling buoy, Great Gull Bank, 21⁄2 miles southward of Little Gull Bank, had a least depth by the last survey of 17 feet (5.2 m.) at the southwest end and is unmarked. Numerous unmarked spots with less than 5 fathoms (9.1 m.) lie off shore between Great Gull Bank and Winter Quarter Shoal, as shown on the chart.

Winter Quarter Shoal, 11 miles 72° true (E. by N. mag.) from Assateague Lighthouse, had a least depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) by the last survey, and is marked on the southwest end by a horizontally striped buoy. There is a gas and whistling buoy 2 miles eastward of the shoal.

Winter Quarter Shoal Lightship, 20 miles 88° true (E. 12 S. mag.) from Assateague Lighthouse, has a straw-colored hull with WINTER QUARTER" on the sides, and two masts with black

66

lantern galleries. The light is group flashing white (flash 2 seconds, eclipse 3 seconds, flash 2 seconds, eclipse 13 seconds), 66 feet (20.1 m.) above the water, and visible 14 miles. A fixed white light is shown from the forestay. The fog signal is given on a chime whistle, blast 3 seconds, silent 57 seconds. If whistle is disabled, a bell will be struck by hand. The submarine bell strikes groups of 4 strokes every 15 seconds. There is a radiobeacon, the details for which are given on page 16.

Assateague Lighthouse has a red tower. The light is fixed white, 154 feet (47 m.) above the water, and visible 19 miles. The tower shows well above the trees surrounding it, and is the most prominent mark in the vicinity.

Assateague Anchorage has filled in at the entrance so that in the summer of 1929 there was only 7 or 8 feet (2.1 or 2.4 m.) at low water in it, and the anchorage was being used only by fishing vessels of 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m.) draft, and by an occasional boat of 9