house. It is the shipping point for the sea food and produce of this vicinity. A draft of 5 feet (1.5 m.) can be carried to the wharves from southward. Boats run regularly to Chincoteague. Two white church spires are prominent.

Sinnickson is a post village about 1 mile westward of Cockle

Point.

Chincoteague is a town on the west side of Chincoteague Island, southeastward of Killick Shoal Lighthouse. It is the center of most of the oystering and fishing industry in this vicinity, and has boat connection with the railroad at Franklin City. There are depths of 5 to 8 feet (1.5 to 2.4 m.) at the wharves, where all kinds of supplies are obtainable. There is a drawbridge connecting Chincoteague with the mainland; width of openings, 55 feet.

Chincoteague Inlet, from the ocean to Chincoteague Bay, has a least depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.). It is used by many boats carrying oysters.

Pilots for the inlet can usually be obtained from one of the Coast Guard stations in the vicinity. There is good anchorage anywhere in the channel inside of Chincoteague Point.

Assateague Inlet, the channel eastward of Chincoteague Island, has a depth of 22 feet (0.7 m.) at its south entrance and deeper water inside. The north entrance is shoal and not used.

Wire Narrows, Queen Sound, and Cockle Creek have good depths into them from southward, but are shoal at their outlets into Chincoteague Bay. They are used only by small oyster boats.

CHINCOTEAGUE INLET TO GREAT MACHIPONGO INLET

Watts, Powells, and Bogues Bays are shoal; a draft of 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 m.) can be carried to them through Roots, Ballast, and Island Hole Narrows.

Wishart Point is a landing on the mainland between Powells and Bogues Bays. A draft of about 4 feet (1.2 m.) can be carried to the wharf at low water through Ballast Narrows.

Assawaman Inlet, 5 miles southwestward of Chincoteague Inlet, had a depth across the bar in 1929 of about 2 feet (0.6 m.). The channel is unmarked, is changeable in depth and position, and is seldom used; there are usually breakers across the entrance.

Assawaman Creek, leading northwestward from the inlet, is navigable for small boats for about 311⁄2 miles.

Kegotank Bay has a depth of about 1 foot (0.3 m.) at low water and frequently goes bare over most of its area at extreme low water. There is about 4 feet (1.2 m.) at high water.

Gargathy Inlet, 9 miles southwestward of Chincoteague Inlet, had a depth across the bar in 1929 of about 4 feet (1.2 m.). It is not marked, is changeable, and used only by an occasional small local boat. The appearance of the water is the best guide.

Kegotank Creek, leading northwestward from Gargathy Inlet, is navigable for small boats at high water for about 4 miles to within about 1 mile of the village of Modest Town.

Metomkin Inlet, 15 miles southwestward of Chincoteague Inlet, had a depth across the bar in 1929 of about 7 feet (2.1 m.). It is used by some local fishing and oyster boats up to 6 feet (1.8 m.) draft. The channel is marked by buoys, but is changeable, and strangers

should not attempt to enter without a pilot. The Coast Guard station on the north side of the inlet is the only mark in approaching.

Metomkin Bay has several sloughs with depths of 6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3.0 m.) leading northward from the inlet, but the north end has a general depth of only 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 m.). The best water in the north end of the bay leads along its eastern side.

Folly Creek, leading westward from the south end of Metomkin Bay, is said to have a depth of 3 feet (0.9 m.) at low water to the landing at its head, 3 miles above the mouth and 1 mile from Accomac, a town on the main highway.

Longboat Creek, leading westward from Metomkin Inlet, has a least depth of about 9 feet (2.7 m.).

Cross Broad Water, 2 miles southwestward of Metomkin Inlet, can be crossed with a least depth of 2 feet (0.6 m.) at low water and about 5 feet (1.5 m.) at high water. It is connected with the north end of Floyds Bay by Teagles Ditch, which has a least depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.).

Floyds Bay, extending northward from Wachapreague Inlet, has several sloughs with good water leading northward from the south end, terminating in shoals at the north end. Hummock Channel, marked on the east side by a row of oyster houses on small grassy islets, is the most important. It has a depth of 20 feet (6.1 m.) at its south end, gradually shoaling to a general depth of about 1 foot (0.3 m.) in the north end of the bay.

Wachapreague is a post village on the west bank of Finney Creek, 4 miles west-northwestward of Wachapreague Inlet. It is the center of most of the oystering and fishing industry in this vicinity and is frequented by some pleasure boats in summer. Excellent fishing makes this place, although small, a popular summer resort. A draft of about 8 feet (2.4 m.) can be carried from Wachapreague Inlet through Black Rock Reach and Finney Creek to abreast the wharves. About 1 foot (0.3 m.) at low water can be carried to the village from southeastward across the flats through the drains and the privately dredged ditches connecting the drains. A white church spire at Wachapreague is prominent from eastward with the sun on it.

Wachapreague Inlet, 20 miles south-southwestward of Chincoteague Inlet and 12 miles north-northeastward of Hog Island Lighthouse, had a depth in 1929 of 8 feet (2.4 m.) in the main channel which led northwestward, and about 4 feet (1.2 m.) in a northern channel which follows the beach on the north side of the inlet. The latter is used by the local fishermen in shallow-draft boats. Many fishing boats use the inlet and a few boats seeking shelter. Strangers should take a pilot, as the channel is shifting and the buoys do not always mark the best water. A single heavy storm may change the channel somewhat, and even the local people frequently find it necessary to sound their way across the bar.

The buildings of the Coast Guard station and several other buildings on the north side of Wachapreague Inlet are the most prominent marks in approaching. A clubhouse and windmill on the point of marsh 1 mile northwestward of the entrance are also prominent. There is a wharf at the Coast Guard station just inside the entrance

The best anchorage is in Horseshoe Lead, southwestward of the entrance, where there is a depth of 20 to 36 feet (6.1 to 10.9 m.) along the east side of the channel. There is a middle ground inside the inlet and northwestward of the entrance; the channel leading eastward and northward of it has the deepest water, but the other channel southward and westward of it has a least depth of 9 feet (2.7 m.). Southward of Wacha preague Inlet there is deep water in the channels just westward of Parramore Island as far as the south end of Drawing Channel. Here the controlling depth is 5 feet (1.5 m.) at low water in a privately dredged channel.

Little Machipongo Inlet, 41/2 miles north-northeastward of Hog Island Lighthouse, was reported to have a depth across the bar in 1929 of about 4 feet (1.2 m.). It is not marked and is used only by local boats of 5 or 6 feet (1.5 or 1.8 m.) draft. A house on the point of beach on the south side of the inlet and a windmill and clubhouse on the southeast side of Revel Island are the only marks visible in approaching the inlet. The appearance of the water is the best guide in entering, but strangers should not enter without a pilot.

Quinby is a small post village on the mainland about 51/2 miles north-northwestward of Little Machipongo Inlet. A draft of 6 feet (1.8 m.) can be carried to within 12 miles of it, and the remaining distance is navigable only for small boats at high water.

Broadwater is a post village of oystermen and fishermen on Hog Island near the lighthouse. The south end of Hog Island has been washing away considerably in recent years and the channel around the south end to the lighthouse wharf on Heather Channel has shoaled to 2 feet (0.6 m.) at low water. The mail and supplies are brought to the island from Willis Wharf through the drains in the flats north of Rogue Island, least depth 3 feet (0.9 m.).

GREAT MACHIPONGO INLET TO CAPE CHARLES

Great Machipongo Inlet, 2 miles southward of Hog Island Lighthouse, had a depth in 1929 across the bar of about 15 feet (4.5 m.) in the buoyed channel, which led westward into the inlet approximately as shown on the chart. Breakers form on the bar only in heavy weather, but form on the shoals on each side at all times. While the inlet is not subject to radical changes with every gale, it has a slow but steady change from year to year and no permanent directions can be given. The usual draft of boats using it is 5 or 6 feet (1.5 or 1.8 m.), and the deepest draft 14 feet (4.2 m.). The prominent marks in approaching the inlet are Hog Island Lighthouse and the old tower 1/2 mile southward of it.

Pig Island, on the south side of Great Machipongo Inlet, has been formed in recent years. It is a low sandy island which is subject to considerable change with every big storm.

Great Machipongo River, leading westward and northward from Great Machipongo Inlet, has a least depth of about 17 feet (5.1 m.) for 12 miles above the inlet to the mouth of Little Machipongo River (Parting Creek), about 6 feet (1.8 m.) for a further distance of 5 miles, and is navigable by small boats at high water for a considerable distance farther. For a distance of 92 miles from the inlet it leads through mud flats bare at low water. It is marked by buoys and lights, as shown on the chart, but can best be navigated

at low water, when the flats show above water. The best water leads eastward of the large island just after entering the mainland. There is little business above the mouth of Little Machipongo River.

Willis Wharf is a village on the west side of Little Machipongo River, 1 mile above its junction with Great Machipongo River, and 13 miles by water from Great Machipongo Inlet. It is 2 miles from the railroad station of Exmore, and is the most important shipping point for sea food south of Franklin City. A draft of 6 feet (1.8 m.) can be brought to the wharves at low water, and schooners loaded to 8 feet (2.4 m.) leave at high water.

In entering the mouth of Little Machipongo River, favor the north side to avoid a shoal area about in midstream. The best water leads southward and westward of the island 1/2 mile above the mouth, then favors the west side to the wharves. There is a marine railway at Willis Wharf capable of hauling out any of the boats frequenting the near-by waters, and a machine shop for making repairs to engines. Supplies may be obtained in moderate quantities.

There are several sloughs leading from Great Machipongo River southwestward to Sand Shoal Channel. A draft of about 32 feet (1 m.) at high water can be carried from Great Machipongo Inlet southwestward in Rowes Hole Channel, then south-southwestward between two large islands and through Loon Channel to Sand Shoal Inlet. It is unmarked and local knowledge is required to follow it.

A draft of about 2 feet (0.6 m.) at low water and 5 feet (1.5 m.) at high water can be carried up Gould Marsh Channel, through a narrow slough into Eckichy Channel, and down this to Sand Shoal Channel.

The best and generally used channel is the most westerly one, leading through The Deeps and The Ramshorn to the north end of The Thoroughfare, as described in the direction for the inside route preceding.

Sand Shoal Inlet (Cobb Inlet), 72 miles southwestward of Hog Island Lighthouse and 111⁄2 miles northeastward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, had a depth in 1929 of 10 feet (3 m.) over the bar about 3 miles southeastward of the south end of Cobb Island. The northeast channel, marked by buoys, was reported to have about 13 feet (3.9 m.) in it. It leads southwesterly about 1/4 mile off Cobb Island Beach. While the inlet is not subject to radical changes with every gale, it has a slow but steady change from year to year and no permanent directions can be given. The southeast and south channels are used to some extent by local boats, but are unmarked and should not be attempted by strangers. The usual draft of boats using the inlet is 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m.) and the deepest draft about 14 feet (4.2 m.). The Coast Guard station on the south end of Cobb Island, and two houses on the north end of Wreck Island, are the only marks visible in approaching the inlet.

In the present location of Cobb Island there were two islands in 1888, the inlet between them closing up some time prior to 1910.

Loon Channel, leading northward from Sand Shoal Inlet close to Cobb Island, can be entered with a draft of about 8 feet (2.4 m.). It has a depth of about 20 feet (6.1 m.) off the Coast Guard station and is a good boat anchorage.

Sand Shoal Channel, leading westward from Sand Shoal Inlet, has a least width of 1/4 mile and a least depth of 30 feet (9.1 m.) in midchannel for 5 miles westward from the inlet to its junction with The Thoroughfare. It is marked by buoys, lights, and beacons, as shown on the chart, and is easily followed.

Oyster is a post village on the mainland 1 mile westward of the intersection of Sand Shoal Channel and The Thoroughfare. It is 2 miles from the railroad station of Cheriton, and is the shipping point for a large amount of sea food. It can be reached through a narrow, crooked slough which has been deepened to 4 feet (1.2 m.) and marked by lights. The entrance is about 11⁄2 mile northwestward of the light at the intersection of Sand Shoal Channel and The Thoroughfare.

New Inlet, 9 miles northeastward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, is shoal and unmarked, is very changeable, and is seldom used even by local boats. A draft of about 6 feet (1.8 m.) at high water can be carried from the inlet southwestward and southward into Ship Shoal Channel; small boats can also pass westward along Great Drum Drain and northward along Man and Boy Channel to Sand Shoal Channel.

Ship Shoal Inlet, 7 miles northeastward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, had a depth across the bar in 1921 of about 6 feet (1.8 m.). It is unmarked and is used only by local oyster boats of 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m.) draft. There is deep water inside, but no connection with the main waterways, except for small boats. A draft of about 2 feet (0.6 m.) at low water can be carried along Ship Shoal Channel and through a very crooked slough through the flats to The Thoroughfare, westward of Cape Charles Lighthouse.

Little Inlet, 511⁄2 miles northeastward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, had a depth of about 3 feet (0.9 m.) in 1921; it is unmarked and is used only by a few local boats of 2 or 3 feet (0.6 or 0.9 m.) draft. Small boats can pass from Little Inlet to Ship Shoal and Smith Island Inlets at high water only.

Smith Island Inlet, entering 2 miles south-southwestward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, had a depth in 1929 of about 2 feet (0.6 m.). The channel is buoyed, but is narrow, is subject to rapid change, and the buoys can not always be depended upon. It is the southern outlet to the inside waters, and is used at high water by many local boats of about 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 m.) draft, carrying sea food to Norfolk, Cape Charles, Crisfield, and other points.

Fisherman Inlet, entering westward of Cape Charles Lighthouse, has a depth of about 12 foot (0.2 m.) at low water and 4 feet (1.2 m.) at high water; it is used by boats of 2 or 3 feet (0.6 or 0.9 m.) draft, and is preferred to Smith Island Inlet when the depth is sufficient, as it has ample width and is protected from heavy seas. There is a perpendicularly striped buoy at the western entrance. From here the best water follows the channel northeastward close along the south point of the mainland, then east-southeastward across the flats to the channel of Smith Island Inlet, or passes through Raccoon Creek and across the flats to Magothy Bay.

Magothy Bay, extending 7 miles northward from Smith Island Inlet, is shoal except in the main channel, which has a least depth of about 9 feet (2.7 m.) from Smith Island northward to Sand Shoal