incorrigible; or who knowingly associates with thieves, vicious or immoral persons; or who is growing up in idleness or crime; or who knowingly visits or enters a house of ill-repute; or who knowingly patronizes or visits any policy shop or place where any gaming aevice is, or shall be, operated; or who patronizes or visits any saloon or dram shop where intoxicating liquors are sold; or who patronizes or visits any public pool room or bucket shop; or who wanders about the streets in the night time without being on any lawful business or occupation; or who habitually wanders about any railroad yards or tracks, or jumps or hooks on to any moving train, or enters any car or engine without lawful authority; or who habitually uses vile, obscene, vulgar, profane or indecent language, or is guilty of immoral conduct in any public place or about any school house. Any child committing any of the acts herein mentioned shall be deemed a juvenile delinquent person, and shall be proceeded against as such in the manner hereinafter provided. A disposition of any child under this act, or any evidence given in such cause, shall not in any civil, criminal or other cause or proceeding whatever in any court be lawful or proper evidence against such child for any purpose whatever, excepting in subsequent cases against the same child under this act. The word child " or "children may mean one or more children, or the word " parent or parents " may mean one or both parents when consistent with the intent of this act.

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§ 2. The county courts of the several counties in this state shall have jurisdiction in all cases coming within the terms and provisions of this act. In trials under this act the child informed against, or any person interested in such child, shall have the right to demand a trial by jury, which shall be granted as in other cases unless waived, or the judge of his own motion may call a jury to try any such case. In counties of the first and second class a special record book or books shall be kept by the court for all cases coming within the provisions of this act, to be known as "The Juvenile Record," and the docket or calendar of the court upon which there shall appear the case or cases under the provisions of this act shall be known as "The Juvenile Docket," and for convenience the court in the trial and disposition of such cases may be called "The Juvenile Court." Between the first and thirteenth days of October of each year the clerks of the county courts shall submit to the State Board of Charities and Corrections a report in writing, upon blanks to be furnished by said board, showing the number and disposition of delinquent children brought before such court together with such other useful information regarding such cases and the parentage of such children as may be reasonably obtained at the trials thereof; Provided, that the name or identity of any such child or parent shall not be disclosed in such report, and that such report shall not be published at state expense.

§ 3. All proceedings under this act shall be by information or sworn complaint to be filed by the district attorney as in other cases under the general laws of the state; Provided, That probation officers provided for by this act are hereby empowered to file sworn complaints and conduct proceedings against any child under this act. In any such information or complaint filed under this act, the act or acts claimed to have been committed by the child proceeded against shall in a general way be stated therein as constituting such child a juvenile delinquent child or person.

§ 4. The district attorneys of the judicial districts respectively of the state may appoint a deputy district attorney in each county in such districts to file in the county court of such county any information, and to try any cause under this act in order that all such cases shall be heard and disposed of promptly and without delay. Such attorney, when so appointed, shall conduct cases coming within the provisions of this act during such time as may be deemed necessary by such judge. In counties having a population of over one hundred thousand the county judge thereof, when deemed necessary by him, may direct the district attorney of such judicial district to appoint a deputy district attorney, to be properly qualified, to act as such in the county court of such county in the conduct and disposition of cases therein under this act, at a salary to be fixed by such county judge, not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum, to be paid in the same manner provided by law for the payment of salaries of deputy district attorneys.

§ 5. It shall be unlawful for any court, clerk or other person to tax or collect, or for any county to pay, any fees whatever now permitted by law to be taxed and collected for the benefit of any court, officer or person, for the case of any delinquent child coming within the provisions of this act for violating any law of this

state, or committing any of the acts mentioned in section 1 hereof, unless such child shall be proceeded against in the county court under the provisions and in accordance with the purpose of this act, except in capital cases, or where the court shall direct a prosecution under the criminal code, or where complaint has been filed before a justice of the peace or police magistrate who shall duly comply with the terms of section 7 of this act.

§ 6. Upon the filing of an information under this act, a warrant or capias may issue as in other cases, but no incarceration of the child proceeded against thereunder shall be made or had unless in the opinion of the judge of the court, or in the absence of the judge from the county seat, then in the opinion of the sheriff of the county, it shall be necessary to insure its attendance in court at such times as shall be required. In order to avoid such incarceration, if practicable, it shall be the duty of the sheriff of the county, or his deputy or representative, to serve a notice of the proceedings upon at least one parent of the child, if living and known, or its legal guardian, or if his or her whereabouts or residence is not known, or if neither parent nor guardian shall be in this state, then some relative living in the county, if any there be whose whereabouts are known, and such judge or sheriff may accept the verbal or written promise of such person so notified, or of any other proper person to be responsible for the presence of such child at the hearing in such case, or at any other time to which the same may be adjourned or continued by the court. In case such child shall fail to appear at such time or times as the court may require, the person or persons responsible for its appearance as herein provided for, unless in the opinion of the court there shall be some reasonable cause for such failure of such child to appear as herein provided for, may be proceeded against as in cases of contempt of court and punished accordingly; and where any such child shall have failed to appear, as required by the court of its officers, any warrant, capias or alias capias issued in such case may be executed as in other cases; Provided, however, that no child within the provisions of this act under fourteen (14) years of age shall under any circumstance be incarcerated in any common jail or lock-up, and any officer or person violating this provision of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction fined in a sum not to exceed one hundred dollars ($100). In counties of the first class it shall be the duty of the proper authorities to provide and maintain at public expense a detention room, or house of detention, separated or removed from such jail or lock-up, to be in charge of a matron or other person of good moral character, wherein all children within the provisions of this act shall, when necessary, be incarcerated. Any such child so informed against shall also have the right now given by law to any person to give bond or other security for its appearance at the trial of such case, and the court may, in any such case, appoint counsel to appear and defend on behalf of any such child.

§ 7. When any child, sixteen (16) years of age or under, is arrested with or without warrant, such child shall instead of being taken before a justice of the peace or police magistrate, be taken directly before the county court; or, if the child is taken before a justice of the peace or police magistrate, upon complaint sworn out in such court or for any other reason, it shall be the duty of such justice of the peace or police magistrate to transfer the case to such county court, and the officer having the child in charge to take the child before that court, and, in any such case the court may proceed to hear and dispose of the case in the same manner as if such child had been brought before the court upon information originally filed as herein provided; or, when necessary, in cases where the delinquency charged would otherwise constitute a felony, may direct such child to be kept in proper custody .until an information or complaint may be filed as in other cases under this act or the laws of the state: Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to confer jurisdiction upon any justice of the peace or police court to try any case against any child sixteen (16) years of age or under.

In

§ 8. The county courts of the several counties in this state shall have authority to appoint or designate one or more discreet persons of good moral character to serve as probation officers during the pleasure of the court; said probation officers to receive no compensation from the county treasury except as herein provided. case a probation officer shall be appointed by the court it shall be the duty of the clerk of the court, if practicable to notify the said probation officer when any child is to be brought before the court; it shall be the duty of such probation officer to make investigation of such case; to be present in court to represent the interests

of the child when the case is heard; to furnish to the court such information and assistance as the court or judge may require, and to take charge of any child before and after the trial as may be directed by the court. The number of probation officers named and designated by the county court, who shall receive compensation for their services shall be as follows: In counties having a population of over one hundred thousand, not to exceed three (3) probation officers, one of whom shall be appointed and designated as chief probation officer, who shall receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500) per year, and expenses may be allowed said officer to the amount of five hundred dollars ($500) in the discretion of the court, and two (2) others to be appointed and designated as assistant probation officers, who shall receive a salary of twelve hundred dollars ($1,200) per year and expenses may be allowed said assistant probation officers to the amount of three hundred dollars ($300) each in the discretion of the court, from the public funds, said salaries to be paid in equal monthly installments by the board of county commissioners of such county, or that official or official body having the powers and duties, or similar powers and duties to those now or heretofore conferred by law upon the board of county commissioners of such counties or other proper officer as to the payment for services to the county; in all other counties having a population exceeding fifteen thousand, according to the last federal census, not to exceed one probation officer, to be appointed and designated as hercin provided for, who shall be paid such annual salary as may be fixed by a majority of the board of county commissioners, payable in equal monthly instalments as herein provided; Provided, That no such appointment, except in counties having over one hundred thousand population, shall be made unless in the opinion of the county judge and a majority of the board of county commissioners such appointment upon such salary shall be necessary. In counties of over one hundred thousand population a probation officer to be paid a salary as provided for under this act shall not be qualified to act as such until such appointment has been submitted to the State Board of Charities and Corrections, and such appointee approved by said board as a qualified and proper person to discharge the duties of such office, and it shall be the duty of said board to approve or disapprove of such appointee within thirty (30) days after submission thereof by the county court, and a failure to act thereon in such time shall constitute an approval of such appointment. Paid probation officers provided for by this act are hereby vested with all power and authority of sheriffs to make arrests and perform other duties incident to their office.

§ 9. In any case of a delinquent child coming under the provisions of this act, the court may continue the hearing from time to time, and may commit the child to the care of a probation officer, and may allow said child to remain in its own home, subject to the visitation of the probation officer; such child to report to the court or probation officer as often as may be required, and subject to be returned to the court for further proceedings whenever such action may appear necessary; or the court may cause the child to be placed in a suitable family home, subject to the friendly supervision of the probation officer and the further order of the court; or it may authorize the child to be boarded out in some suitable family home, in case provision is made by voluntary contribution or otherwise for the payment of the board of such child, until suitable provision be made for the child in a home without such payment, or the court may commit such child, if a boy, to the State Industrial School for Boys, or, if a girl, to the State Industrial School for Girls, or the court may commit the child to any institution within the county, incorporated under the laws of this state, that may care for children, or which may be provided by the state or county, suitable for the care of such children, or to any state institution which may now or hereafter be established for the care of boys or girls. In no case shall a child proceeded against under the provisions of this act be committed beyond the age of twenty-one. A child committed to any such institution shall be subject to the control of the board of managers and the said board shall have power to parole such child on such conditions as it may prescribe; and the court shall, on the recommendation of the board, have power to discharge such child from custody whenever, in the judgment of the court, his or her reformation is complete; or the court may commit the child to the care and custody of some association that will receive it, embracing in its objects the care of neglected or delinquent children, and which has been duly credited as herein provided.

§ 10. All institutions or associations receiving children under this act shall be subject to the same visitation, inspection and supervision by the State Board of

Charities and Correction, as are public charitable institutions of this state, and it shall be the duty of the State Board of Charities and Corrections to pass annually upon the fitness of any institution or association which may receive, or desire to receive, any child or children under the provisions of this act; and every such institution or association shall, at such times as said Board of Charities and Corrections shall direct, make report thereto, showing its condition, management and competency to adequately care for such children as are, or may be, committed to it, and such other facts as said board may require, and upon said board being satisfied that any such association or institution is competent and has adequate facilities to care for such children, it shall issue to the same a certificate to that effect, which certificate shall continue in force for one year unless sooner revoked by said board. The court, or the judge thereof, may at any time, require from any such institution or association receiving or desiring to receive children under the provisions of this act, such reports, information and statements as the court or judge shall deem proper and necessary for his action, and the court shall in no case commit a child or children to any association or institution whose standing, conduct or care of children, or ability to care for the same, is not satisfactory to the court.

§ 11. Nothing in this act shall be construed to repeal any portion of the act or acts providing for an industrial school for girls or boys, nor any portion of chapter one hundred and thirty-six (136) of the Session Laws of 1899, entitled "An Act to compel the elementary education of children in school districts of the first and second class," but nothing in said act shall be held to prevent proceedings against any child within the ages prescribed by said act, under this act as a juvenile disorderly person or delinquent child. All other acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.

§ 12. This act shall be liberally construed, to the end that its purpose may be carried out, to wit, that the care and custody and discipline of the child shall approximate as nearly as may be that which should be given by its parents, and that as far as practicable any delinquent child shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as misdirected and misguided, and needing aid, encouragement, help and assistance.

§ 13. Whereas, in the opinion of the general assembly, an emergency exists; therefore, this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage

Adult Delinquency

Chapter 94, March 7, 1903.

AN ACT to provide for the punishment of persons responsible for or contributing to the delinquency of children.

Section 1. In all cases where any child shall be a delinquent child or a juvenile delinquent person, as defined by the statute of this state, the parent or parents, legal guardian, or persons having the custody of such child, or any other person, "responsible for, or by any act encouraging, causing or contributing to the delinquency of such child, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon trial and conviction thereon shall be fined in a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or imprisoned in the county jail for a period not exceeding one (1) year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. The court may impose conditions upon any person found guilty under this act, and so long as such person shall comply therewith to the satisfaction of the court the sentence imposed may be suspended.

Section 2. Whereas, in the opinion of the general assembly an emergency exists; therefore, this act shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage.

Adult Dependency

Chapter 81, April 10, 1905.

AN ACT concerning parents or other persons responsible for or, by an act contributing to the dependency or neglect of children and providing for their punishment.

Section 1. In all cases where any child shall be a dependent or neglected child as defined by the statutes of this state, the parent or parents, or other persons responsible for such dependency or neglect shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and

upon trial and conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not to exceed one hundred dollars ($100), or imprisoned in the county jail for a period not to exceed ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. The county courts (juvenile courts) shall have jurisdiction of all cases coming within the provisions of this act; Provided, that an appeal shall lie to the district court from the judgment of said county court rendered in pursuance of, or under this act.

§ 2. The court may suspend any sentence hereunder, or release any person sentenced under this act from custody upon condition that such person shall furnish a good and sufficient bond or undertaking to the people of the state of Colorado in such penal sum, not exceeding $200, as the court shall determine, conditioned for the payment of such amount as the court may order, not exceeding $15 per month for each child, for the support, care and maintenance of such child while under the guardianship or in the custody of any individual, or any public, private or state home, institution, association or orphanage to which the child may have been committed, or entrusted under the provisions of the laws of this state concerning dependent or neglected children.

§ 3. The court may also suspend any sentence imposed under this act and may permit any dependent child to remain in the custody of any such person found guilty upon conditions to be prescribed or imposed by the court as seem most calculated to remove the cause of such dependency or neglect, and while such conditions are accepted and complied with by any such person such sentence may remain suspended and such person shall be considered on probation in said court. In case a bond is given as provided herein, the conditions prescribed by the court may be made part of the terms and conditions of such bond.

§ 4. Upon the failure of any such person to comply with the terms and conditions of such bond, or of the conditions imposed by the court, such bond or the term of probation may be declared forfeited and terminated by the court and the original sentence executed as though it had never been suspended, and the term of any jail sentence imposed in any such case shall commence from the date of the incarceration of any such person after the forfeiture of such bond or term of probation. There shall be deducted from such period of incarceration any part of such sentence which may have already been served.

§ 5. It shall not be necessary to bring a separate suit to recover the penalty of any such bond so forfeited, but the court may cause a citation to issue to the surety or sureties thereon requiring that he or they appear at a time named therein by the court, which time shall be not less than ten nor more than twenty days from the issuance thereof, and show cause, if any there be, why judgment should not be entered for the penalty of such bond, and execution issue for the amount thereof against the property of the surety or sureties thereon, as in civil cases, and upon failure to appear or failure to show any such sufficient cause the court shall enter such judgment in behalf of the people of the state of Colorado against such surety or sureties. Any moneys collected or paid upon any such execution, or in any case upon said bond, shall be turned over to the county treasurer of the county in which said bond is given to be applied to the care and maintenance of the child or children for whose dependency such conviction was had, in such manner and upon such terms as the county court may direct; Provided, that if it shall not be necessary, in the opinion of the court, to use such fund or any part thereof, for the support and maintenance of such child the same shall be paid into the county treasury and become a part of the funds of such county.

§ 6. Nothing in this act shall be construed to repeal any act providing for the support by fathers of their minor children, or any part of the acts concerning delinquent children or persons contributing thereto; and nothing in said act shall prevent proceedings under this act in any proper case. All other acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.

CONNECTICUT.

Probation Officers.

Chapter 126, May 22, 1903.

AN ACT providing for the appointment of probation officers and defining their duties, and for the separate trial of juvenile offenders.

Section 1. The judge of every superior court and of every criminal court of common pleas may, and the judge of every district, police, city, borough, and town