guage of its founders, in the colonial statute establishing it, in many later laws, and in our Constitution repeatedly, is found the people's recognition of the necessity and place of higher education in the body politic. As Church and State became more distinct, and the latter assumed more fully the practical work of government, she did not fail to cherish the higher institutions of learning as an integral part of our great system of popular education, upon which the security and prosperity of our free institutions must ever rest. As among the first Acts of the Colony was the founding of Harvard College, so its last legislative Act was the charter, Oct. 4, 1780, of Phillips Academy at Andover, based upon the declaration that "the education of youth has ever been considered by the wise and good as an object of the highest consequence to the safety and happiness of a people." In the same year the noble sentiment and purpose of our wise and pious ancestors were incorporated into the State Constitution in those grand provisions of its fifth chapter which have stood unchallenged for more than a century, and will stand as long as that fundamental charter of our State endures. So the wisdom of our ancestors and their devotion to education were vigorously maintained in the laws and by the acts of generations of their children.

One such act, hardly second to any in importance, to-day we celebrate. In the founding of this, the second College of the Commonwealth, in the necessity for its creation, in the generous spirit and lofty sentiment which gave it birth, in its purposes and principles, there was a striking resemblance between the older and the younger sister, between the two great institutions which planted civilization and learning each in the midst of a wilderness. The resemblance marks the continuity of Puritan influence, the development of the work of the

founders of our State, and the permanence of their ideas and institutions.

Here in the depths of the primeval forest, in the days of colonial government, and in the very midst of war, a frontier colonel, with armor on, facing his country's foes and standing in the shadow of death, brave and generous, filled with practical Puritan sentiment and the loving spirit and forecast of Harvard and Shepard, anxious that others should have advantages he lacked, here with this spirit and purpose he founded this College of the wilderness. But two conditions he imposed, we thank him for both, one that his infant institution should "fall within the Colony of Massachusetts," the other that it should bear his name. Its location, but not its influence or work, was to be limited to our State. Like the old "Farmers' Almanac" of Bailey Thomas, it is "calculated for the meridian of Massachusetts, but will answer for any of the adjoining States."

So came the second of our great institutions which was to promote and develop that higher element in our public education which, in accord with the dominant and universal sentiment of the people, had found recognition through all our colonial legislation, and become permanently embodied in the organic law of our State.

And now we come to celebrate its hundred years of useful life, to rejoice in its prosperity, and to note how faithfully it has carried out the purpose of its creation. Others will tell its history, of the master minds who have guided its destiny, and of the many men who have gone forth from here, carrying the teaching and influence of Williams into every walk of life. Religion and education have felt its quickening touch, literature, science, and the professions been advanced by its work, and public life in State and Nation uplifted by its high ideals. In all of this its life has gone out into the world's activities,

following the injunction of our Constitution to diffuse wisdom and knowledge generally among the body of the people, and recognizing the duty of education, not only to instruct, but to influence and lead them. Mills and his associates, planning under the historic haystack in yonder meadow to carry religion and civilization, which their missionary ancestors had brought to Plymouth Rock, back across continent and ocean to the Old World for the enlightenment of heathen peoples, rose to a true conception of the duty resting upon education if it would fulfil the purpose of the founders of our colleges and the framers of our Constitution. Many a son of Williams since, feeling the impress of Griffin or Hopkins and their learned, pious associates or successors, has gone forth into other fields of usefulness in the spirit of the divine command, " Freely ye have received, freely also give." So in the lives and work of her children. this" Missionary College" has made higher education not a mere preparation for professional life, but a pioneer and leader in great movements to benefit mankind; and in the teaching and example of its authorities has ever followed the high ideals and aspirations of its famous president, who believed the truest education to be "when the spirit of literature and the spirit of science shall minister before the spirit of piety, and pour their oil into the lamp that feeds its waxing flame; when study shall be nerved to its highest efforts by Christian benevolence, and young men shall grow up at the same time into the light of science and the beauty of holiness."

SPEECH

DELIVERED AT TRENTON BATTLE MONUMENT, OCT.

THE

19, 1893.

HE Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which gladly has contributed to this commemorative monument, comes now as gladly to join with her sister State in its dedication, and to renew the ties of friendship and union which, born of struggle and war, of a common experience and patriotism, have ever bound closely together our respective States, and made them powerful factors in creating, preserving, and developing our national Republic and the institutions of a free and prosperous people.

Most fitly and usefully we recall by this monument the heroism and patriotism of the past, and the dark days of a great struggle, when, through suffering and death, men became heroes, and, rising above little things and petty interests, attested their supreme devotion to a great cause and to the freedom and safety of the whole people.

I need not repeat the story to-day recalls, the wintry crossing of the stormy Delaware, the midnight march, the attack, the victory, which broke away the clouds of despair, and brought to Washington and his country new hope and courage.

"At that awful moment," says one historian, "the whole future of America and of all that America signifies to the world rested upon his single Titanic will."

"Until that hour," says Bancroft, "the life of the United States flickered like a dying flame. . . . That victory turned the shadow of death into morning." Nor need I speak again the praises of brave men who ever have had their country's gratitude for their patriotic service.

Massachusetts rejoices that in those events and upon this historic battle-field she did her full duty. Yonder amid the ice and perils were Colonel John Glover and the men from Marblehead, leading the army with unflinching courage on that fateful Christmas night. Here with him stood eight regiments of Massachusetts troops as her contribution to a great and necessary victory.

Where all were true and brave soldiers, where each of the Thirteen Colonies was doing her utmost for the common weal, one hesitates to make selection or comparison. Yet, speaking for Massachusetts, I may be permitted, with pardonable pride, to quote the words of General Knox, a hero of this battle-field, in his speech to the Massachusetts Legislature. He said,

"I wish the members of this body knew the people of Marblehead as well as I do. I could wish that they had stood on the banks of the Delaware River in 1776, in that bitter night when the commander-in-chief had drawn up his little army to cross it, and had seen the powerful current bearing onward the floating masses of ice which threatened destruction to whosoever should venture upon its bosom.

“I wish that, when this occurrence threatened to defeat the enterprise, they could have heard that distinguished warrior demand, Who will lead us on?' and seen the men of Marblehead, and Marblehead alone, stand forward to lead the army along the perilous path to unfading glories and honors. in the achievements at Trenton. There went the fishermen of Marblehead, alike at home upon land or water, alike ardent, patriotic, and unflinching, whenever they unfurled the flag of the country."