much longer time, but are more palatable and less injurious when damaged, and far more nutritious, when good, than the soft bread furnished to or made by the Soldiers.

This it is believed is a matter of no small importance, not only on account of the bad effects of damaged flour, but from the fact, well known to many Valetudinarians, and most Physicians, that hard bread, or soft bread toasted, is much more easily digested, and affords more nutriment, than in any other form, however good the quality may be; and, since a pound of this bread will be equal to a pound of flour, the baking will be but little if any additional expense.

For the same reason that kiln-dried corn-meal should, in many cases, be substituted for flour, bacon ought to be furnished instead of salt beef and pork; at the South particularly, this change appears absolutely necessary for the health of the Troops. With this alteration, and a proper reduction of the quantity of the meat, this part of the ration, provided a due proportion of it be fresh, would be as good as can possibly be required.

As to the additional vegetables that may be substituted for part of the meat, the kinds best adapted to this purpose on every account, are those used by the British and French, viz.: peas, beans, and rice: they may be obtained in abundance, and generally at a low rate; and if issued either regularly or occasionally, would not only promote the health and comfort of the Soldier, by approaching near to his accustomed food, but by enabling him to introduce frequent changes in his mode of preparing it.

The deleterious effects of ardent spirits, particularly in the Army, are well known; for in the Reports of Sick, "sudden death from intoxication," is no small item. It is suggested, therefore, whether this unwholesome poison should not be altogether excluded, and the healthy drinks of molasses and water, or beer, substituted for it: if I am rightly informed, by supplying molasses and the essence of spruce, one quart of beer may be furnished for about the same sum as one gill of whiskey. The necessity of this will be more evident, when it is remembered, that in fact the Soldier has, at present, only water with his meals; for, notwithstanding all regulations, he will make a morning dram of his whiskey, which is one chief cause of its injurious effects.

At the request of the Surgeon attending a Post, where the men were severely attacked with dysentery, this last summer, the Commanding Officer stopped the whiskey altogether; and an immediate check was given to the disease. This however, is but one of many instances, of the good consequences resulting from such Orders, and particularly at the South, during the summer months.

Almost all classes of men among us are accustomed to the free use of spices and other condiments, particularly of pickles; which, on account of the vegetable acid they contain, are both a pleasant and

healthy stimulus, to the stomach. Indeed vinegar is of great use on many accounts; it is one of the best correctors of the superabundance of bile, induced by an unnatural or long continued stimulus; whether it be the excessive heat of a warm climate, an abundance of animal food, or that of a crude consistence, or a too free use of ardent spirits; in the latter case, as well as where laudanum or other nar.. cotics have been taken, it seems to act as a specific. Whenever therefore the Soldiers are supplied with the lighter vegetables, as cabbages, beets, cucumbers, &c. which may, by suitable arrangements, easily be done, especially on the Peace Establishment, there can be no doubt of the benefit of allowing a sufficient quantity of vinegar to furnish them with a regular supply of pickles; and even without these it might be used with great advantage, and would generally be very acceptable in its simple form.

If, from these considerations, it should appear that the health of the Army requires alterations in the ration, they will be of still greater weight when we remember, that, from the nature of our Public Institutions, the greater part of our Force in actual service, does, and will for many years, consist of Militia; of men who must necessarily, in all cases, be suddenly taken from their customary habits and comforts, and exposed to all the hardships and privations of the Soldier, without any of his advantages: the effects of this have been too lately and too severely felt, to be soon forgotten; and it is suggested, whether this circumstance be not of sufficient importance to have a very considerable influence in deciding, not only the nature of the ration, but of all those supplies upon which Militia, when on duty, are equally as dependant as the regular Soldiers; and as every able-bodied Citizen, is liable at a moment's warning, to feel the necessity of having these supplies as good as practicable, he will have less objection to furnish his portion of any additional expense, that may be necessary to insure their provision.

All which is respectfully submitted.

The Hon. J. C. Calhoun.

JOSEPH LOVELL,

Surgeon-General.

(J.)-Regulations of the Subsistence Department.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL.

THE Commissary-General of Subsistence will be stationed at Washington, and will have a general superintendence of his Department. He will make all Estimates of Expenditures for his Department, regulate the transmission of Funds to his Assistants, receive their Returns and Accounts, and adjust them for Settlement.

ASSISTANT-COMMISSARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Assistant-Commissaries or Storekeepers,

to receive and account, in the manner hereafter prescribed, for all Subsistence Stores entrusted to their charge, and to make and transmit to the proper accounting Officer, through the Office of the CommissaryGeneral, all Returns and Accounts. They will not receive Subsistence Stores from the Contractors, until duly inspected according to the terms of the Contract.

In case of failure on the part of the Contractor, or a deficiency of Rations, the Assistant-Commissary, stationed at the Depot where such failure happens, shall give immediate notice thereof to the CommissaryGeneral; and shall, at the same time, make purchases of the necessary supplies on the best terms possible.

It shall be the duty of the several Assistant-Commissaries, or Storekeepers, stationed at the Depots, where Subsistence Stores shall have been inspected, and delivered agreeably to the conditions of the Contract, to give the Contractor Duplicate Receipts for the same, stating at length the articles as enumerated in the Contract.

Whenever it is found necessary to forward subsistence stores to an Out-post, the Assistant-Commissary, or Storekeeper, stationed at the Depot, will require the necessary transportation of the Quartermaster's Department, and will forward with the supplies, Triplicate Invoices, 2 of which will be receipted, and returned by the Receiving Commissary, and one of them must accompany the Monthly Return of Stores received and issued.

The Assistant Commissary or Storekeeper, will be held strictly accountable for the good condition of the Supplies, when turned over to the Quartermaster's Department, for transportation. They will be held accountable for the safe keeping and storage of all Supplies entrusted to their charge, and they will require of the Quartermaster's Department, good and sufficient Storehouses for that purpose; and it will be their duty to examine frequently into the state of the Stores, and to prevent damage or waste of any description.

Should subsistence stores become damaged or unfit for issue, the Assistant Commissary or Storekeeper having them in charge, will report the same to the Commanding Officer of the Post, who is hereby authorized and required to institute a Board of Survey, to be composed of 2 Officers, when the service will permit; otherwise of 2 respectable Persons well qualified to act, under oath; and all Stores found damaged and unfit for issue, from causes other than neglect of the Assistant Commissary or Storekeeper, shall be condemned and sold, the Auctioneer's Bill of such sale to accompany the Account current, and an Invoice of the Stores thus condemned, with the cause of damage certified by the Board of Survey, to accompany the Monthly Return of Stores received and issued ; and in case the Board of Survey be of opinion that Stores have been damaged by neglect of the Assistant Commissary or

Storekeeper, they will make out an Invoice of the articles damaged, and certify the same to the Commissary-General at Washington, who will have the amount of such damaged articles charged to the Assistant Commissary or Storekeeper, in his Accounts with The United States.

Issues to the Troops will be made on Provision Returns, signed by the Commanding Officer of the Post, agreeably to the form hereafter prescribed; and at the end of every month the Assistant Commissary will make out Duplicate Abstracts, which will be compared with the Original Returns, and certified by the Commanding Officer of the Post; one of which Abstracts must accompany the Monthly Return of Stores. received and issued. Issues will be made for Men in hospital, on Returns of the Senior Surgeon, for the whole or parts of rations. When parts only are drawn, the Assistant Commissary will, on requisition of the Surgeon, purchase and issue eggs, fowls, milk, or other articles of subsistence, in lieu thereof, which he will account for in the same manner as other subsistence stores purchased and issued.

Abstracts for issues to the hospital will be made out by the Assistant-Commissary, and certified by the Surgeon in the usual form, one of which will accompany the Return of stores received and issued.

Officers commanding Recruiting Parties, distant from Depots, will enter into a written Contract, for the rations necessary for his party, first giving the necessary public notice for proposals. The issues will be made on Returns for the complete ration, of which Abstracts will be made at the end of each month, certified in the usual form. A Duplicate or certified Copy of the Contract, will be forwarded to the Commissary General at Washington.

When Troops are detached to points where there is no Assistant Commissary, the Commanding Officer of the Post or Detachment may appoint an Officer to do that duty, who will, while acting, be entitled to the additional pay of an Assistant Commissary; but as such appointments are only necessary to meet the casualties of service, the Officer thus appointed will not be considered on pay after he has ceased to perform the duties. Officers making appointments of this nature, will forthwith report them to the Commissary-General at Washington.

The Assistant-Commissaries will be located by the Commissary. General at the several permanent Depots, and established Posts, and they will not be removed but by Orders from the Commanding-Ge neral of the Troops or the Commissary-General of Subsistence, except when Posts are evacuated, or in case of Courts Martial; in the latter case, a suitable Person is to be appointed by the Commanding Officer to do that duty.

A reasonable per-centage will be allowed for unavoidable waste, in issuing provisions, to be accounted for in the Monthly Returns of Stores, received and issued.

CONSTITUTIONAL ACT of the Principality of Lick. tenstein.-Eisgrub, 9th November, 1818.

(Translation.)

WE, JOHN JOSEPH, by the grace of God, Sovereign Prince and Ruler of the House of and at Lichtenstein of Nickolsburg, &c., do hereby fulfil the Stipulation contained in the XIIIth Article of the Act organizing the Germanic Confederation, in the following manner:

ART. I. Having, since the dissolution of the Union existing under the German Empire, introduced into our Sovereign Principality of Lichtenstein the civil and penal Laws, and the judicial forms and proceedings, established in Austria, and having also subsequently adopted still more of the Austrian Legislation, by the formation of a Supreme Court of Judicature, of third instance, we do now, in like manner, adopt essentially, as a model for our said Frincipality, the Representative Constitution existing in the German States, belonging to Imperial Austria.

II. The Representative Estates shall be composed:

a. Of the Clergy.

b. Of the Laity.

III. Among the Clergy shall be included all the Possessors of Ecclesiastical Benefices, and all the Ecclesiastical Communities. They shall elect, by an absolute majority of voices, from among themselves, 3 Deputies for life, that is to say, 2 for the Clergy of the County of Vaduz, and I for the County of Schellenberg, whom they shall present, for approval and confirmation, to the Chief Authorities of our Bailiwick at Vaduz. In addition to these, every possessor of an Eccle siastical Benefice, who is in the enjoyment of a Property, either of a fixed character or that is subject to the payment of taxes, of the value of 2,500 florins, calculated according to the present scale of valuation for Taxes, or who contributes, upon a Capital of that value, to the general necessities of the Principality, shall have a right to be a Member of the Representative Assembly.

mune.

IV. The Laity shall be represented by the temporal Superintendents or Judges, and by the sworn Elders or Treasurers of each ComAll our other Subjects also who pay, according to the existing scale of taxation, a rate upon landed property vested in their own persons, and valued for such rate at 2,000 florins, who are 30 years of age, of irreproachable and independent character, and of a peaceable disposition, shall have a right to be Members of the Representative Assembly.

V. A Register, containing a list of the Individuals who are entitled to belong to the Estates, shall be prepared and kept at the Chief Office of the Bailiwick belonging to our Principality at Vaduz, and in such Register shall be inscribed, gratis, after establishing their respective