as has been authorized by the Congress of the United States of America and as is necessary to accomplish the purposes set forth in Article 1 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 9.-Each member of the Military Advisory Group shall continue as a member of the branch of the armed forces of the United States to which he belongs and serve with that group in the rank, grade or rating he holds in the armed forces of the United States and shall wear the uniform thereof, as provided in current regulations. Officers and enlisted men so detailed are authorized to accept from the Government of the Republic of the Philippines offices and such pay and emoluments thereunto appertaining as may be offered by that Government and approved by the appropriate authorities of the United States, such compensation to be accepted by the United States Government for remittance to the individual if in the opinion of the appropriate authorities of the United States such course appears desirable.

ARTICLE 10.-Members of the Military Advisory Group shall serve under the direction of the authorities of the United States of America. ARTICLE 11.-All members of the Group shall be on active duty and shall be paid regularly authorized pay and allowances by the Government of the United States of America, plus a special allowance to compensate for increased costs of living. This special allowance shall be based upon a scale agreed upon by the Governments of the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines and shall be revised periodically. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall reimburse the Government of the United States of America for the special allowances provided for in this Article. The special allowance shall be applicable for the entire period each member of the group resides in the Philippines on duty with the Group, except as specified elsewhere in this Agreement.

ARTICLE 12. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines agrees to extend to the Military Advisory Group the same exemptions and privileges granted by Articles V, XII and XVIII of the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines Concerning Military Bases, signed March 14, 1947.

ARTICLE 13.-Except as may be otherwise subsequently agreed by the two Governments, the expense of the cost of transportation of each member of the Military Advisory Group, his dependents, household effects, and belongings to and from the Philippines shall be borne by the Government of the United States of America to the extent authorized by law. Members of the Group shall be entitled to compensation for expenses incurred in travel in the Republic of the Philippines on official business of the Group and such expenses shall be reimbursed to the Government of the United States of America by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines except for expenses of travel by the transportation facilities of the Group.

ARTICLE 14.-The Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall provide, and defray the cost of, suitable living quarters for personnel of the Military Advisory Group and their families and suitable buildings and office space for use in the conduct of the official business. of the Military Advisory Group. All living and office quarters shall conform to the standards prescribed by the United States military services for similar quarters. Official supplies and equipment of American manufacture required by the Group shall be furnished by

98756-5057

the Government of the United States of America which shall be reimbursed for the cost thereof by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. Official supplies and equipment of other than American manufacture shall be provided without cost by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. The cost of all services required by the Group, including compensation of locally employed interpreters, clerks, laborers, and other personnel, except personal servants, shall be borne by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.

ARTICLE 15.-All communications between the Military Advisory Group and the Republic of the Philippines involving matters of policy shall be through the Ambassador of the United States of America to the Philippines or the Chargé d'Affaires.

ARTICLE 16 (a).-The provisions of Articles XIII and XXI of the Agreement of March 14, 1947 between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines Concerning Military Bases are applicable to the Military Advisory Group, it being agreed that the Headquarters of the Military Advisory Group will be considered a temporary installation under the provisions of Article XXI of the Agreement aforementioned.

(b) The Chief of the Military Advisory Group, and not to exceed six (6) other senior members of the group to be designated by him, will be accorded diplomatic immunity.

TITLE IV

LOGISTICAL ASSISTANCE

ARTICLE 17. The decision as to what supplies, services, facilities, equipment and naval vessels are necessary for military assistance shall be made by agreement between the appropriate authorities of the United States and the Republic of the Philippines.

ARTICLE 18.-Certain initial equipment, supplies and maintenance items shall be furnished gratuitously by the United States in accordance with detailed arrangements to be mutually agreed upon. Additional equipment and supplies other than those surplus to the needs of the United States required in the furtherance of military assistance. shall be furnished by the United States subject to reimbursement by the Republic of the Philippines on terms to be mutually agreed upon. All items of arms, munitions, equipment and supplies originating from sources other than those surplus to the needs of the United States shall be furnished only when the requisite funds have been specifically appropriated by the Congress of the United States.

ARTICLE 19. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines agrees that it will not relinquish physical possession or pass the title to any and all arms, munitions, equipment, supplies, naval vessels and aircraft furnished under this Agreement without the specific consent of the Government of the United States.

ARTICLE 20.-Military equipment, supplies and naval vessels necessary in connection with the carrying out of the full program of military assistance to the Republic of the Philippines shall be provided from United States and Philippine sources in so far as practicable and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall procure arms, ammunition, military equipment and naval vessels from govern-ments or agencies other than the United States of America only on the basis of mutual agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of the Philip

pines. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall procure United States military equipment, supplies and naval vessels only as mutually agreed upon.

TITLE V

TRAINING ASSISTANCE

ARTICLE 21. As part of the program of military assistance the Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall be permitted to send selected students to designated technical and service schools of the ground, naval and air services of the United States. Such students shall be subject to the same regulations as are United States students and may be returned to the Philippines, without substitution, for violation of such regulations. Numbers of students and detailed arrangements shall be mutually agreed upon and shall be kept at a minimum for essential requirements. All Philippine requests for military training of Filipino personnel shall be made to the Government of the United States through the Military Advisory Group.

TITLE VI

SECURITY

ARTICLE 22.-Disclosures and exchanges of classified military equipment and information of any security classification to or between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines will be with the mutual understanding that the equipment and information will be safeguarded in accordance with the requirements of the military security classification established thereon by the originating Government and that no redisclosure by the recipient Government of such equipment and information to third governments or unauthorized personnel will be made without specific approval of the originating Government.

ARTICLE 23. So long as this Agreement, or any extension thereof, is in effect the Government of the Republic of the Philippines shall not engage or accept the services of any personnel of any Government other than the United States of America for duties of any nature connected with the Philippine armed forces, except by mutual agreement between the Government of the United States of America nad the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.

TITLE VII

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Agreement in duplicate, in the City of Manila, this twenty-first day of March, 1947.

For the Government of the United States of America:

PAUL V. MCNUTT

Paul V. McNutt

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenioptentiary of the United
States of America to the Republic of the Philippines

For the Government of the Republic of the Philippines:

MANUEL ROXAS

Manuel Roxas

President of the Philippines

SPAIN

181. RELATIONS WITH SPAIN

Letter From President Roosevelt to the American Ambassador to Spain, March 10, 1945 1

MY DEAR MR. ARMOUR:

MARCH 10, 1945.

In connection with your new assignment as Ambassador to Madrid I want you to have a frank statement of my views with regard to our relations with Spain.

Having been helped to power by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and having patterned itself along totalitarian lines the present regime in Spain is naturally the subject of distrust by a great many American citizens who find it difficult to see the justification for this country to continue to maintain relations with such a regime. Most certainly we do not forget Spain's official position with and assistance to our Axis enemies at a time when the fortunes of war were less favorable to us, nor can we disregard the activities, aims, organizations, and public utterances of the Falange, both past and present. These memories cannot be wiped out by actions more favorable to us now that we are about to achieve our goal of complete victory over those enemies of ours with whom the present Spanish regime identified itself in the past spiritually and by its public expressions and acts.

The fact that our Government maintains formal diplomatic relations with the present Spanish regime should not be interpreted by anyone to imply approval of that regime and its sole party, the Falange, which has been openly hostile to the United States and which has tried to spread its fascist party ideas in the Western Hemisphere. Our victory over Germany will carry with it the extermination of Nazi and similar ideologies.

As you know, it is not our practice in normal circumstances to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries unless there exists a threat to international peace. The form of government in Spain and the policies pursued by that Government are quite properly the concern of the Spanish people. I should be lacking in candor, however, if I did not tell you that I can see no place in the community of nations for governments founded on fascist principles.

We all have the most friendly feelings for the Spanish people and we are anxious to see a development of cordial relations with them. There are many things which we could and normally would be glad to do in economic and other fields to demonstrate that friendship. The initiation of such measures is out of the question at this time, however, when American sentiment is so profoundly opposed to the present regime in power in Spain.

Therefore, we earnestly hope that the time may soon come when Spain may assume the role and the responsibility which we feel it should assume in the field of international cooperation and understanding.

Very sincerely yours,

1 Department of State Bulletin of September 30, 1945, p. 466.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

182. RELATIONS WITH PRESENT SPANISH GOVERNMENT Statement by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, March 4, 19461

The Governments of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America have exchanged views with regard to the present Spanish Government and their relations with that regime. It is agreed that so long as General Franco continues in control of Spain, the Spanish people cannot anticipate full and cordial association with those nations of the world which have, by common effort, brought defeat to German Nazism and Italian Fascism, which aided the present Spanish regime in its rise to power and after which the regime was patterned.

There is no intention of interfering in the internal affairs of Spain. The Spanish people themselves must in the long run work out their own destiny. In spite of the present regime's repressive measures against orderly efforts of the Spanish people to organize and give expression to their political aspirations, the three Governments are hopeful that the Spanish people will not again be subjected to the horrors and bitterness of civil strife.

On the contrary, it is hoped that leading patriotic and liberalminded Spaniards may soon find means to bring about a peaceful withdrawal of Franco, the abolition of the Falange, and the establishment of an interim or caretaker government under which the Spanish people may have an opportunity freely to determine the type of government they wish to have and to choose their leaders. Political amnesty, return of exiled Spaniards, freedom of assembly and political association and provision for free public elections are essential. An interim government which would be and would remain dedicated to these ends should receive the recognition and support of all freedom-loving peoples.

Such recognition would include full diplomatic relations and the taking of such practical measures to assist in the solution of Spain's economic problems as may be practicable in the circumstances prevailing. Such measures are not now possible. The question of the maintenance or termination by the Governments of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States of diplomatic relations with the present Spanish regime is a matter to be decided in the light of events and after taking into account the efforts of the Spanish people to achieve their own freedom.

183. RELATIONS BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE UNITED

NATIONS

(a) Resolution of General Assembly, February 9, 1946 2

1. The Assembly recalls that the San Francisco Conference adopted a resolution according to which paragraph 2 of Article 4 of Chapter

1 Department of State Bulletin of March 17, 1946, p. 412.

The United States and the United Nations: Report of the U. S. Delegation to the First Part of the First Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, London, England, January 10-February 14, 1946, Department of State publication 2484, United States-United Nations Report Series, 1, p. 46. At that time, the United States did not have an Ambassador in Spain, because Norman Armour, who had been Ambassador, had resigned, and to the time of preparation of this collection of documents, in December 1949, no one had been appointed to take his place.