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damageable; clippings, shearings, and stampings of sheet iron and tin plates, in compressed bundles; granulated iron; kainit, in bags; manganese ore; manure (other than street, stable, or farmyard in bulk); spiegeleisen, in bulk; sulphate of potash; sulphur ore (some); zinc ashes; lead ashes, in bulk; lias lime, in bulk.

The following articles now in the classes appended in brackets are to be found in the proposed class B. China grass, less than 21⁄2 tons (1); cutch (1); divi divi (1); esparto grass, hyd. or s.p.p., under 21⁄2 tons (1); flax, straw, hyd. or s.p.p. (new-flax straw" is now 3Y, flax waste, for paper making, hyd. or s.p. p.); brewers' and distillers' grains or draff (see B); ditto, desiccated; rice flour; sago flour; tapioca flour; scrap iron, light; waste for paper making, hyd. or s.p.p. (1); Mexican fibre, hyd. or s.p.p. (1); old sails for paper making (1); slag, refuse from glass works (MA); sulphate of copper for export, ten ton lots (1); tow waste for paper making, hyd. or s.p.p. (1); valonia (1): zinc, carbonate of (1).

THE PROPOSED CLASS I.

linen

The following articles would be brought into this class under the Board of Trade proposals. They are now in the classes appended in brackets. All the numbered classes correspond to the present classes of the same numbers :

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Algerian fibre, machine pressed, 21⁄2 tons (S); bagging, old in bundles, for paper making (S); candles, stearine (2); copperas (green not in bulk) (S); esparto grass, machine pressed, see C (S); fleshings and glue pieces, wet from tanners, not packed (S-o.r.); oils, not dangerous, in casks or iron drums, round or tapered at one end (new spec.); cod liver, sperm (2); lubricating mineral-shale, crude-now subject to regulations for dangerous goods; pelts, wet, from tanners, not packed, o.r. (S); salammoniac (2); shot, lead in bags, packed in cases (now casks); spetches, wet, from tanners, not packed, o.r. (S); strawboard cuttings for paper making (S); sugar mats, old, for paper making (S); Surat bagging for paper making (new); tarpaulins, old, for paper making (S); tow, now 2; tow for paper making (1).

THE PROPOSED CLASS 2.

The following articles would be brought into this class under the Board of Trade proposals. They are now in the classes appended in brackets:

Algerian fibre, not press packed (3Y); ditto p. p., under 21⁄2 tons (1); antimony regulus (1); asbestos, ground (1); ditto crude (s); bagging, e.o.h.p. (Surat 1) (old in bundles, not p.p., S); bags, paper (1); bark for tanning, eo.h.p., not chopped, packed (1); biscuits, ship and dog (1); bottle stoppers, wood, packed (1); bottles, earthenware or stoneware, if not protected (1,'o.r.); carbolic seed-dressing, in casks or iron drums (1); china grass, under 20 cit. (3Y); cotton, raw, not press packed bales (1); dextrine, in hampers (3); ditto, in bags (1); esparto grass, under 20 cwt. (3Y); iron liquor or muriate of iron, in casks or iron drums (1); jars, earthenware, or stoneware, packed (1), not packed (o.r., 1); lead piping, e.o.h.p. (2Y); linen, grey (new); nitrate of iron, not in casks (dangerous); paraffin and petroleum oils, in owner's tank wagons (new) (in casks or iron drums, now 2); pumps and pump casting, in cases (1); silicate cotton or slag wool, otherwise than in casks or bags (new); tin, liquor, in carboys or tubs (4); brass or copper, old (1).

PROPOSED CLASS 3.

The following articles would be brought into this class under the Board of Trade proposals. They are now in the classes appended in brackets:

Algerian fibre, e.o.h.p. (3Y); arsenic acid (e.o.h.p. new); boracic acid, crude, in casks (2); bottles and bottle stoppers, glass, e.o.h.p. not packed (1); chemicals, not dangerous, corrosive, or explosive, in casks, iron drums, bales, or bags (new) (this might include an immense number of articles now separately specified); china grass, e.o.h.p. (3Y); crucibles, e.o.h.p. (3Y); electric batteries, storage (2); electric cable, telegraph cable, and electric lighting cable (4Y); esparto grass, e.o.h.p. (3 Y); glycerine grease (2); gums, otherwise than in mats or bags (2); oils, not dangerous, e.o.h.p. (new), would bring into class 3 mustard in bottles or boxes, and neatsfoot in tins in cases; whale, in tins, packed in boxes (2); olive, in tins, not otherwise packed, and other oils, in cans, jars, and bottles packed in casks or boxes (4); pans, chemical, iron or steel (2); paper, e.o.h.p. (now classed accord. ing to nature of packages; proposed to be classed according to purpose; makes exact statement of changes in class impossible); paper hangings e.o.h.p., except com. in bales (2); turpentine, spirits of, in casks or iron drums (2); vaseline, in casks (2); (Any articles not otherwise provided for are proposed to be chargeable with class 3 rates until added to the schedule, pursuant to the provisions of the Act.)

PROPOSED CLASS 4.

The following articles would be brought into this class under the Board of Trade proposals. They are now in the classes appended- in brackets ;-

Anthracene, other than crude, in casks (5); carbolic acid, solid, for disinfecting (1); chemicals, not dangerous, corrosive, or explosive, in boxes or hampers (new); citric acid, in casks or cases (3); dye extracts, in boxes, casks, or iron drums (3); dyes, in copper carboys (3); glasshouse pots (42); glass, prepared, for photographers (4Y); gutta percha goods (3); oleic acid, other than in casks or iron drums (new); pans, copper (3) ; tartaric acid, in casks or cases (3). PROPOSED CLASS 5.

The following articles would be brought into this class under the Board of Trade proposals. They are now in the classes appended in

brackets:

Ammonia liquid, in bottles in cases without lids (4); carboys, glass, if not protected, o.r., (3); chemicals, not dangerous, corrosive, or explosive, e.o.h.p., otherwise than in boxes or hampers (new); colours in jars under two gallons (4); dyes, in glass carboys (5Y); glycerine, in crates, hampers, bktd. tins, and jars under two gallons (4): isinglass (4); turpentine, manufactured, packed (5Y); spirits, in jars in cases, and jars or bottles under two gallons (4); turpentine, spirits of, in cases, jars, boxes, or bktd. tins (4); yolk of eggs, in casks, or jars, or bottles in cases (4).

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And when containing more than 25 per cent. of proof spirit

Lime juice, sweetened, and fruit syrups, not otherwise provided for..

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Articles.

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45 p.c.

60 p.c.

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45 p.c.

45 p.c.

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45 p.c.

60 p.c.

45 pc.

60 p.c.

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13% c.

1% c.

1% c.

23% c.

23% c.

27% c.

3% c.

Do., clarified or refined

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Lime juice and other fruit juices not otherwise provided for, not alcoholic and not sweetened Spirituous or alcoholic liquors distilled from any material, or containing or compounded from or with distilled spirits of any kind and any mixture thereof with water, for every gallon thereof of the strength of proof, and when of a greater strength than that of proof at the same rate on the increased quantity that there would be if the liquors were reduced to the strength of proof. When the liquors are of a less strength than that of proof the duty shall be at the rate herein provided, but computed on a reduced quanlity of the liquors in proportion to the lesser degree of strength; provided, however, that no reduction in quantity shall be computed or made on any liquors below the strength of 15 per cent. under proof, but all such liquors shall be computed as of the strength of 15 per cent. under proof, as follows:

(a) Ethyl alcohol or the substance com-
monly known as alcohol, hydrated oxide
of ethyl, or spirits of wine, gin of all
kinds, not elsewhere specified, rum,
whiskey, and all spirituous or alcoholic
liquors, not otherwise provided for
(b) Amyl alcohol or fusel oil, or any sub-
stance known as potato spirit or potato
oil

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(e) Alcoholic perfumes and perfumed spirits. bay rum, cologne, and lavender waters, hair, tooth, and skin washes and other toilet preparations containing spirits of any kind, when in bottles or flasks, weighing not more than 4 ounces each.. When in bottles or flasks or other pack-! ages weighing more than 4 ounces (f) Nitrous ether, sweet spirits of nitre,\ and aromatic spirits of ammonia J (g) Vermouth and ginger wine, containing not more than 40 per cent. of proof spirits

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in such other manner as the Minister of Customs directs.

Proprietary medicines, to wit, all tinctures pills, powders, troches or lozenges, syrups, cordials, bitters, anodynes, tonics, plasters, liniments, salves, ointments, pastes, drops, waters, essences, oils, or medicinal preparations or compositions recommended to the public under any general name or title as specifics for any diseases or affections whatsoever affecting the human or animal bodies, not otherwise provided for; all liquids 50 per cent. ad val., and all others 25 per cent. ad val. Sulphuric ether..

Acid, acetic and pyroligneous, not elsewhere specified, and vinegar, a specific duty of 15 cents for each gallon of any strength not exceeding the strength of proof, and for each degree of strength in excess of the strength of proof an additional duty of 1 cent. The strength of proof shall be held to be equal to 6 per cent. of absolute acid, and in all cases the strength shall be determined in such a manner as is established by the Governor in Council Acid, acetic and pyroligneous, of any strength, when imported by dyers, calico printers, or manufacturers of acetates or colours for exclusive use in dyeing or printing, or for the manufacture of such acetates or colours in their own factories, under such regulations as are established by the Governor in Council

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Perfumery, including toilet preparations (nonalcoholic), viz. :-Hair oils, tooth and other powders and washes, pomatums, pastes, and all other perfumed preparations not otherwise provided for, used for the hair, mouth, or skin.. Illuminating oils composed wholly or in part of the products of petroleum, coal, shale, or lignite, costing more than 30 cents per gallon Oils, coal, and kerosene distilled, purified, or refined; naphtha, benzole, and petroleum products of petroleum, coal, shale, and lignite, not elsewhere specified

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O'25 and 20% ad val.

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Blueing, laundry blueing of all kinds

Lamp black, and ivory black

Lead nitrate and acetate of, not ground

Diy white and red lead, orange mineral, and zinc white

Colours, dry, not elsewhere specified .. Oxides, ochres, and ochrey earths, fireproofs, umbers, and siennas, ground or unground, washed or unwashed, calcined or raw Paints and colours, pulped or ground in oil or other liquids, and all liquid prepared or ready mixed paints not elsewhere specified.. Paints, ground or mixed in or with either) japan, varnish, lacquers, liquid driers, collodion, oil finish or oil varnish, rough stuff and fillers, the weight of the package to be included in the weight for duty Paints and colours, ground in spirits, and all spirit varnishes and lacquers

Paris green, dry

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Turpentine, spirits of

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Varnishes, lacquers, japans, japan driers, liquid driers, collodion, and oil finish not else

where specified..

Carbolic or heavy oil, for any use

Cod liver oil, medicated..

Essential oils for manufacturing purposes Pomades, French or flower odours preserved in

30% ad val.
ad val.
5% ad val.

10

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fat or oil for the purpose of conserving the odours of flowers which do not bear the heat of distillation, when imported in tins of not less than 10 lbs. each ..

15% ad val.

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25% ad val. 20% ad val.

Lb.

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Vaseline, and all similar preparations of petroleum for toilet, medicinal, or other purposes, in bulk .. In bottles or other packages not over 1 lb. in weight in each ..

(To be continued.)

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Our Book Shelf.

GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. By Prof. E. Hjelt. Translated by J. Bishop Tingle, Ph. D., F.C.S., pp. 220, price six shillings. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1890.

The English language is exceedingly deficient in works of novelty bearing upon the subject of organic chemistry. The few available are moreover written in such a style as to discourage even the most painstaking student, as the generalisation can only be systematised by him after the most laborious application.

The work before us will be of the utmost value to students of organic chemistry. The system of its arrangement is good, and though it may be styled a theoretical handbook, yet it is sufficiently practical to give many a hint to the student in research.

We have in our minds' eye a certain student who had been studying organic chemistry at one of our leading universities for nearly three years, and who thought he had not acquired that amount of informa ation, which should weigh down the fees charged by his Alma Mater, asking his professor where he could get some information relative to the practical accomplishment of many of those organic mutations now so common in industrial processes. The canny professor's reply was stated to be-"Ah! you must come to me privately for that. This may explain why descriptions of operations for radicle substitutions in organic bodies are not so common as they might be in England, and it is with pleasure that we notice the chapters on oxidation, reduction, dehydration, hydration, splitting off of halogen hydrides amongst others in the work before us.

Mr. Tingle is to be congratulated upon the style and accuracy of the translation. To the interested student the book will read as easily and as pleasantly as a novel.

ANOTHER MORDANT.-As a new mordant, M. Chevallot purposes to use the resinates of alumina and zinc, the first for basic colours, the second for acid colours. These he produces direct on the tissue by first impregnating it with a 1 per cent. solution of resin in caustic potash; then immersing the tissue in a solution of acetate of alumina or sulphate of zinc. By double decomposition, resinate of alumina or of zinc, as the case may be, is formed on the tissue, which is then ready to be dyed. We are not very favourably impressed with the use of resin for this purpose; we think that there are several objections which could be urged against it; one is that the tissue is liable to have a tacky feel, resinates being rather greasy bodies. Chevallot speaks of the resinate of alumina as giving water-resisting properties to the tissue; this has long been known, but is not used in practice, as there are several defects, some serious, which prevent its use for this purpose.

NOTICE.

WE have commenced a series of Lectures upon

popular chemical subjects, in connection with the Permanent Chemical Exhibition and Manchester Technical Laboratory. The lectures will be given at 7-0 p.m. on the first Tuesday in each of the following months; they will be illustrated by experiments and by diagrams, and have reference to exhibits in the Permanent Exhibition. The lectures will take place as under :

October 7th.-" Manufacturing Smoke."

November 4th.-" Domestic Smoke."
December 2nd.-" River Pollution."

February 3rd.-" Chlorine Production."
March 3rd." Sewage Treatment."

At the first lecture-" Manufacturing Smoke "--the chair was taken by Alfred E. Fletcher, Esq., Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Alkali, &c., Works; and models of various appliances were exhibited.

Tea and coffee at 6-30 p.m. in the Exhibition room.

We have decided to reserve seats for such of our friends as may give us a week's notice (by post-card) of their intention to be present. After this we shall issue a general invitation, and do our best to accommodate those who accept.

Correspondence.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

P K.-Have nothing to do with it.

H. D. P.-The stain is due to iron.

F. C. S.-We have heard of the movement already.

CARDIFF.-The West Riding of Yorkshire is the principal seat of manufacture.

H. M. (BELFAST).-The mineral is said to have been produced by decomposition of trap or basalt.

**We do not hold ourselves responsible for the opinions expressed by our correspondents.

COVERING STEAM PIPES AND WOOD DISTILLING.

(To the Editor of the Chemical Trade Journal.) SIR,-In answer to your correspondent's enquiry respecting covering steam pipes and wood distilling, there are many most excellent makers of non-conducting compositions in the market, whose names and addresses may be found in the Directory. From experience I can speak well of that supplied by Messrs. F. Leroy and Co., London. Pipes covered with hay or straw bands, then saturate the hay or straw with chloride of calcium liquor, after which bind tightly round with old bagging cut into strips, ends of strips being stitched together to form a long band as required. The bagging should be well tarred over two or three times after it is bound around the hay or straw. This makes a cheap and effective covering. Coming to the lament as to the products of wood "staving" fetching such unremunerative prices, so that the British manufacturer is outdone by foreign makers, it should be remembered that most of the works in this country were started for the sake of the charcoal, enormous quantities of which were required for tin plate works-now coke is principally employed for this purpose-hence the chief product from the distillation of wood is now practically worthless. Acetate of lime and naphtha, the two other commodities obtained in the operation, are now the mainstay of the works. On the Continents of Europe and America charcoal realises good prices for domestic use, etc., instead of coal, so that the acetate of lime costs less and can be sold much under apparent actual costs. Your correspondent should travel and see for himself the different methods of working abroad. The works here are very insignificant compared with the foreigners (except in one or two instances here where the raw material-wood-is supplied as cuttings from an adjacent factory, where big lots of timber are used for making cotton reels, etc., or in the form of saw dust and not actual cuttings from standing trees). He would be astonished at the extraordinary attention to details observed, especially in the French works. I have had the privilege of going

over many works, but those in the South of France more particularly astonished me for their magnitude and wonderful organisation. Grey acetate of lime is there made for the most part. They run 100 retorts as large as any in this country, and have besides twelve very large retorts this shape

Each capable of working over 300 cubic feet of wood at a charge, and taking a week to effect the distillation! Most of the patent retorts I have seen have for their object economy in firing, loading, and discharging, the naphtha and pyroligneous acid must be got off by heat and the question is which is the cheapest method of doing it. British manufacturers in this line do not seem to infuse much enthusiasm into their work, for instance, here is acetate of soda made direct from the pyroligneous acid on the Continent and largely imported into England, also glacial acetic acid and acetone (the latter has lately come into good demand as a solvent for smokeless powder making, etc) are being made direct from grey acetate of lime abroad. Our countrymen could produce these things at their existing works if they would only put their shoulders to the wheel. The trade would much benefit if all jealousies were put aside, a combination made, the several works reorganised, and all the products sold through a central office.

Every year my firm do their best to buy their raw material from British manufacturers, but price prohibits the business with them, and it is with mingled feelings of regret and chagrin that they have to place their contracts with America for some thousand tons of acetate of lime, I am, Sir, Yours faithfully,

[graphic]

J. E. JOHNSON JOHNSON.
F.I.C., F.C.S.

Trade Notes.

TO GUM ON TIN.-To make labels adhere to tin, use a freshly made solution of gum tragacanth in water.

DIVIDENDS.-The Board of Mason and Barry, Limited, announce a dividend of 35. per share -A dividend at the rate of 15 per cent. per annum is recommended by the Board of Woodhouse and Rawson United, Limited, adding £25,000. to the reserve fund, and carrying forward £16,335.

SUBSTITUTE FOR IODOFORM.-A red-brown odourless powder derived from iodine and salicylic acid, which is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and oil, changing to a bright-red powder by heating it with mineral acids, and melting at about 225° Centigrade, with decomposition, and being insoluble in alkalies, substantially as described.

GROWING TOBACCO IN ENGLAND.-The growing of tobacco in England is not given up. Sir Edward Birkbeck has grown a splendid crop of the white barley variety. Last year Sir Edward sold a crop at sixpence per pound. There is a small but beautiful crop to be seen at Lord's Cricket Ground, and the Horticultural College and Produce Company, Swanley, Kent, are conducting experiments, which promise to be successful, on their farms. A large garden of tobacco plants is one of the handsomest sights to be witnessed in the country.

EXPLOSION AT SOAPWORKS.-A serious explosion took place on the 16th inst, at the soapworks of Messrs. Jarratt Brothers, Bradford, by which Mr. Jarratt, a member of the firm, and four workmen were dreadfully injured. A "boil" of soap was in course of manufacture, and the explosion occurred at the moment when a quantity of paraffin was being poured in. Great sheets of flame enveloped all the men standing near, and they were fearfully scorched. All were taken to the hospital.

SHOEMAKERS' CEMENT.-Mr. J. Saunders has obtained a patent for a cement to be used for attaching leather to boots, and for belts. The cement is prepared by mixing together: Methylated ether, 1 lb. ; carbon bisulphide, 8 lbs. ; raw gutta-percha, 1 oz. ; elastic glue, 1 oz.; india-rubber tissue, 1 lb. The mixture is left for twelve hours, and after being agitated for one hour is fit for use. The mode of application is to roughen the surfaces of the articles to be united, to apply one or two coats of the cement, allow to dry, warm gently, press both articles firmly together, and tap with a hammer.

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