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Al Khatib, the Arabian philosopher, his talents and celebrity,

iv. 392.

Alice, sister of Philip king of France, betrothed to Richard, son
of Henry the Second, i. 298.

Alice Peers, mistress of Edward the Third, her conduct towards
him at the close of his life, ii. 238; accused before Parliament,
and banished, 247, note.

Almalasonta, daughter of Theodoric, a favourer of letters, iv. 121.
Almamon, the Arabian caliph, encourages literature, iv. 352.
Alp Arslan, made king of the Turks, i 307; his successes against
the Christians of the East, ib.; his dying sentiments, ib. note.
Alpharabius, the Arabian philosopher, his talents and celebrity,
iv. 392.

Alphonso, the first king of Portugal, his accession to the throne,
i. 59.

king of Castile, submits his dispute with Sancho, king
of Navarre, to the mediation of Henry the Second, i. 299,

note.

Anbeame Hill, seat of the encampments of Richard the Third,
before the battle of Bosworth Field, iii. 518.

Andrew of Wyntoun, account of, v. 379, note.
Angli, the, invade England, i. 5.

Anglo-Norman literature, its first productions, iv. 162.

poetry, its character and style, 310.

language, the parent of the present French, 314.

Anglo-Saxon language, its structure and character, v. 420; its
transition into the English language, 421.

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poetry, its style and decline, iv. 307.

Anglo-Saxons, not curious after foreign manners, &c. i. 1.; their
political relations circumscribed, 2; their state at the period
of the Norman Conquest, 72; consequences of the conquest,
as it affected their condition, 73; their disposition to cultivate
letters, iv. 123; their Latin literature, 146; become eager for
study, 153.

Angus of the Isles, assists Robert Bruce in his exile, ii. 107.
Anjou, Charles of, challenges the king of Arragon to a duel,

ii. 117.

Anne, daughter of the earl of Warwick, crowned at Westminster
as the queen of Richard the Third, iii. 435; her death, 501.

a princess of Bohemia, married to Richard the Second, ii. 346.
Anselm appointed by William Rufus to the see of Canterbury,
i. 151; his difference with the king, 152; espouses the cause
of Pope Urban, 156; receives the pall from Rome, 157, note;
quits England for Rome, against the king's commands, 157;
his character, 162, note; attacked in Burgundy by a predatory
baron, 462; promotes the revival of Latin literature in Eng-
land, iv. 153.

Antar, the adventures of, an Arabic fable, iv. 403.
Antioch taken by the crusaders, i. 339.

Aquinas, Thomas, "the angelical doctor," iv. 472; specimen of
his writings, 500.

Aquitaine, lost by the English, iii. 173.

Arabian sciences, history of their introduction into England,

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philosophers, chronological catalogue of, iv. 395, note; their
subjects, 409.

Arabians, their conquests in Asia, Africa and Europe, iv. 344;
the intellectual and moral benefits resulting from their successes,
345; their ancient literature, 347; cultivate the sciences, 351;
and neglect the classical authors, 352; cultivate natural phi-
losophy, 354; their intercourse with Christians, after their set-
tlement in Spain, 370; their literary ladies, ib.; their literary
caliphs, 371, 2; their intellectual character, 390; their natural
history, 395; acquainted with the magnet, 397; arithmetic, ib.;
gunpowder, 398; paper, 400; war, ib.; logic, 401; their rhe-
toric and fables, 402; subjects studied by their philosophers,
409; their logic, 461.

Ardenne Forest, its extent in the time of Cæsar, i. 47, note.
Aristocracies, contribute to uphold public freedom, i. 4.

Aristotle, his philosophy introduced into England, iv. 409; Ana-
lysis of Porphyry's Isagoge, or introduction to his philosophy,
411; his history and opinions, 418; Analysis of his Categories,
433; the aim and use of them, 439.

Armagnacs, a French political party, at the beginning of the fif-
teenth century, ii. 479.

Arnolph, emperor of Germany, admits the Hungarians into his
territories, i. 18.

Arragon, the king of, challenged to a duel by Charles of Anjou,

ii. 117.

Arras, congress at, to treat of peace between England and France,

iii. 22.

Artaveld, Jacob Von, the brewer of Ghent, obtains the govern-
ment of the city, and enters into alliance with Edward the
Third, ii. 186.

Arthur and the Round Table, the romances upon, their origin,

iv. 231.

son of Geoffry, and nephew of Richard I. excluded from
the throne of England by his uncle John, and becomes his pri-
soner, i. 406; his sudden death, ib.

son of Henry the Seventh, born, iv. 59; married to Cathe-
rine, daughter of the king of Spain, 76, note, 88; his death,
76. 88.

Arundel, earl of, beheaded in the presence of Richard the Second,
ii. 311.

Sir Thomas, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 493, note.
archbishop, his violent proceedings against the Wicliffites
iii. 140.

Asia, causes which have retarded its political improvement, i. 3.
VOL. V.

H H

Assassins of Persia, &c. account of, i. 386; ii. 55, note.
Athelaric revives the public schools of literature at Rome, iv. 121.
Athelard of Bath, studies. the Arabian sciences in Spain, iv. 379.
Athelstan, seeks a foreign alliance for his sister, i. 1.

Athol, earl of, attends Robert Bruce in his exile, ii. 106; taken
prisoner and beheaded, 111.

Audelay, the battle of, between Henry I. of England and Louis
king of France, i. 185.

Audley, lord, defeated and killed at Bloreheath by lord Salisbury,
iii. 200.

joins in the plot of Perkin Warbeck, iv. 73; taken and
hanged, ib.

Austria, derivation of the name, i. 44, and note; its original popu-
lation, 45; establishment of Christianity in, ib.; its first mar-
quisate, ib.; raised into a dukedom, ib.; becomes independent
of Bavaria, ib.

the archduke of, marries the heiress of Burgundy, iii. 334.
Avari, the, invade Europe, and are repressed by Charlemagne,i.11.
Avaria, a name of Austria, i. 44, note.

Avenpace, the Arabian philosopher, his talents and celebrity,
iv. 392.

Averroes, the Arabian philosopher, his talents and celebrity,
iv. 392.

Avicenna, the Arabian mathematician, his talents and celebrity,

iv. 392.

Avignon, besieged and taken by treachery, in the crusade against
the Albigenses, i. 443.

B.

Bacon, Roger, charged with studying necromancy, iii. 118; his
extensive acquaintance with the Arabian authors on the Sciences
and on Natural Philosophy, iv. 383.

Bagley, Rev. Sir Thomas, burnt in Smithfield for Lollardy, iii. 27,

note.

Bajoaria, the ancient name of Bavaria, i. 46, note.

Baker, Dr. John, his account of the death-bed of Cardinal Win-
chester, iii. 53.

Baldwin of Bouillon, embarks on the crusades with his brother
count Godfrey, i. 330; founds the Christian principality of
Edessa, 341.

Baldwin, count, of Flanders, made emperor of the Greeks, ii. 38.
Baliol, his contest with Bruce for the crown of Scotland, ii. 70;
his claim being recognised by Edward I. he is made king, 74;
enters into a treaty with the king of France against Edward,
78; declares war against England, ii. ib.; his forces defeated
at the battle of Dunbar, and himself sent prisoner to the Tower
of London, 80, 81.

Baliol the younger, raised to the throne of Scotland, but imme-
diately expelled from it, ii. 181; obtains it again, 182.
Balle, John, a priest, confined at Maidstone, for teaching doctrines
like those of Wicliffe, and liberated by the populace, ii. 256;
considered one of the first promulgators of the reformed opinions
in England, v. 180.

Banaster, Ralph, betrays the duke of Buckingham to the agents
of Richard the Third, iii. 479.

Bannockburn, the battle of, ii. 144.

Barbazan defeats the English and Burgundians, iii. 9.

Bards, Welsh, their massacre by Edward I. probably not an his-
torical fact, ii. 57.

Barnet, the battle of, iii. 296.

Barre, Luke de, his cruel treatment by Henry the First, i. 193,

note.

Battavian Islands, their condition in the time of Cæsar, i. 47.
Batthenton, the knight of, his depredations in the reign of Stephen,
i. 203, note.

Battle, trial by, in use among the Jews, i. 433.

Battle Abbey, founded by William the Conqueror, i. 88, note.
Bavaria, its condition in the eleventh century, i. 46; seized by
Leopold, marquis of Austria, 45, note.

Bayeux, taken by Rollo and the Northmen, i. 63.

Beaufort, cardinal, superintends the education of prince Henry.
of Monmouth, ii. 378. 384; orders the ashes of Joan of Arc
to be thrown into the Seine, 599, note; his death, iii. 54.
Beaumont, lord, killed at the battle of Northampton, iii. 210.
Beaus Desconus, le, the romance of, v. 241.

Bebelius, his account of the state of Germany in 1501, ii. 24, note.
Becket, Thomas à, his origin and early history, i. 221, and note;
made chancellor of England by Henry II. 223; his adminis-
tration, ib.; loaded with honors by the king, 224; his familiarity
with him, 225, note; his splendid mode of living, 226. 463;
his journey to Paris, and ostentatious vanity, 227; made arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 232; the remarkable change of his
manners after he had accepted this dignity, 236; resigns the
chancellorship, and begins to differ with the king, 238; resists
the attempts to subject the clergy to the criminal tribunals,
240; his contest with the king, 242; tries to quit the kingdom,
248; impeached in the parliament held at Northampton, ib.;
escapes to France, 254; his conduct abroad, 255; à reconci.
liation effected between him and the king in Normandy, 260;
returns to England, and his subsequent hostilities, 264; con-
spiracy formed against his life, 266; murdered in his cathedral,
268; canonized as a martyr, 271.

Bedford, duke of, made regent of France, ii. 484; appointed
protector during the minority of his nephew Henry the Sixth,
485; marries the sister of the duke of Burgundy, 490; defeats
the French at the battle of Verneuil, 491; embarrassed by the

conduct of his brother the duke of Gloucester, 493; orders the
siege of Orleans, 511; after the successes of Joan of Arc,
challenges the French king, 585; placed at the head of the
English government, iii. 19; dies at Rouen, 24.

Benoit de Sainte More, his poems, early specimens of Anglo-
Norman verse, iv. 224.

Berengaria, daughter of Sancho, king of Navarre, married in Sicily
to Richard the First, i. 368; crowned queen of England, 369.
Berenger, duke of Friuli, contends for sovereign sway in Italy,
i. 17. 22.

Bergen, in Norway, becomes an emporium of trade, under the
patronage of Olave, i. 100, note.

its early commercial celebrity, ii. 25.

Berkeley, Sir William, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 493,

note.

Bernard de Vantadour, a troubadour, his extravagant eulogies of
Eleanor, queen of Henry the First, i. 217.

Bernard, Arnaud de Moncute, a troubadour, satirizes the pacific
disposition of Henry the First, i. 220.

Bertrand de Born, his conduct and writings respecting Henry II.
and his sons, i. 300; his poems, 358.

Berwick taken by storm by Edward the First, ii. 79.
Berytus taken by the crusaders, i. 344.

Beziers, destroyed in the crusade against the Albigenses, i. 442.
Biorn, the iron ribbed, the northman, invades France, i. 62.
Birca, or Sigtun, a port of Sweden, its celebrity, i. 33, and note;
its commerce in the ninth century, ii. 25.

Bishoprics of Germany, their condition in the eleventh century,
i. 48.

Bishops, English, join in the depredations of the nobles, i. 458.
Blackfriars. See Dominicans.

Blacks in England in the eleventh century, i. 158, note.
Blamanna, ancient Norwegian name of the Moors, ii. 3, note.
Blind Harry. See" Henry the Minstrel.”

Bloreheath, the battle of, iii. 200.

Blunt, Sir James, governor of Hammes, joins the party of the
earl of Richmond against Richard the Third, iii. 498.
Bohemia, character of its inhabitants in the eleventh century, i. 42;
its original population, ib.; its language and literature, 43;
Bohemian poetry, ii. 27.

Bohemian reformers, crusade meditated against them by the bishop
of Winchester, ii. 504.

Bohemund, prince of Tarentum, advises the crusades, i. 320; em-
barks with his followers for Asia, 333; taken prisoner by the
Turks, 343-

Boii, the, of Bohemia, their contests with the Franks, i. 8; the
first known inhabitants of Bohemia, 45, note; the ancestors
of the Bavarians, 46, note.

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