Boleslaus, duke of Poland, invaded by and forced to make peace
with Frederick Barbarossa, ii. 12.
Bolingbroke, Roger, executed for witchcraft, iii. 45.
Bologna, celebrated for the study of the civil law in the twelfth
century, i. 222, note.
Bonaparte, his dethronement led to the restoration of the Bourbon
dynasty, i. 22.
Bonaventura, "the seraphic doctor," iv. 472.
Boniface, one of the first Christian missionaries in Friesland, i. 47,
note.
Boniface de Castellane, a troubadour, heads the revolt of Mar-
seilles, and put to death, i. 435.
Bonville, lord, beheaded by queen Margaret, iii. 225, note.
Borholm, in the Baltic, visited by Greek merchants in the eleventh
century, i. 39, note.
Borysthenes, a name of the Dneiper, i. 37, note; its etymology, ib.
Bosworth Field, the battle of, iii. 523.
Bourbon dynasty, founded by Hugh Capet, i. 22; restored, ib.
Bourchier, Sir John, left by the earl of Richmond as a hostage
with the French king, for money borrowed of him, iv. 508.
Sir Thomas, joins the party of the earl of Richmond, against
Richard the Third, iii. 517.
Bow, the, its destructive use by the Turkish tribes, i. 336, note.
Brabant, its political condition in the eleventh century, i. 46.
duke of, his quarrel with the duke of Gloucester respecting
Jacqueline of Hainault, ii. 494.
Brackenbury, Sir Robert, killed in Bosworth Field, iii. 529.
Bracy, Piers de, embarks in the cause of the Lancastrians, under
queen Margaret, iii. 235.
Bradshaw, Henry, his poems, v. 380.
Brambre, Nicholas, lord mayor of London, petitioned against by
the companies, on account of his oppressive conduct, ii. 297;
put to death, 302.
Bremen, made one of the Hanse towns, ii. 27.
Bretagne, duke of, favours the designs of the earl of Richmond,
against Richard the Third, iii. 497.
Bretigny, the peace of, ii. 222.
Brown, Sir George, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 493, note.
Bruce, his contest with Baliol for the crown of Scotland, ii. 70;
his claim rejected by Edward the First, 74; his death, 76.
Robert, appointed guardian of Scotland, ii. 94; surrenders
to the English, 96; assassinates Comyn at Dumfries, 99;
procures himself to be crowned king of Scotland, 101; his exile
and sufferings, 104; his queen taken prisoner, 108; capture
and execution of his brothers Alexander and Thomas, 114;
takes Edinburgh, 143; defeats the English army under Ed-
ward II. at the battle of Bannockburn, 144; entrusts the com-
mand of his army against Edward the Third to the earl of
Moray and Douglas, 169; his death, 178; commissions the
earl of Douglas to convey his heart to Palestine, ib. note.
Bruce, David, king of Scotland, his forces under the regent defeated
by Edward the Third, at the battle of Halidon Hill, ii. 181; de-
feated at the battle of Neville's Cross, 210; sent prisoner to the
Tower of London, 214, note.
Brunne, Robert de, account of his poems, v. 218.
Bruno of Cologne, his character of Henry IV. of Germany, i. 48,
Brunswick, excluded from the Hanse confederation, ii. 26, note.
the royal house of, its origin, ii. 10, note.
Bryto, Richard, conspires to kill Thomas à Becket, i. 266.
Buchan, earl of, constable of Scotland, commands the French
army at the battle of Crevant, and is defeated, ii. 491.
countess of, crowns Robert Bruce, as the representative of
her brother, ii. 101; taken by the English, 110.
Buckingham, duke of, killed at the battle of Northampton, iii. 210.
Henry, duke of, appointed to superintend the execution of
Clarence, iii. 325; his history and character, 354; leagues with
the duke of Gloucester, against lord Rivers, &c. 376, note;
retires to Brecon after Richard's coronation, 439; conspires.
against him, 453; causes of his hostility, 467; his intention to
claim the crown, 471; plans with Morton to place the earl
of Richmond on the throne, 473; appears in open revolt, 477;
deserted by his followers, 478; taken and beheaded, 479.
Bulgarians, their hostile treatment of the crusaders, i. 324.
Burgundians, the, invade Gaul, i. 5.
Burgundy, duke of, contends for the crown of France, ii. 391;
procures the assassination of the duke of Orleans, 392; obtains
the throne, but loses it immediately, ib.; enters into a treaty
with Henry V. and acknowledges him to be the king of France,
464; assassinated by the dauphin of France, 466.
duke of, challenges the duke of Gloucester to a duel in
the affair of Jacqueline of Hainault, ii. 495; makes peace with
Charles the Seventh, iii. 23; marries Margaret, sister of Ed-
ward the Fourth, 247; his death, 333.
Burley, Simon, one of the partizans of the duke of Ireland, put
to death, ii. 303, note.
Walter, "the perspicuous doctor," iv. 472.
Cabot, John, patronized in his maritime expeditions by Henry the
Seventh, iv. 103.
Cade, John, heads a popular insurrection in Kent, iii. 80; enters
London, 83; causes Lord Say to be beheaded, 84; driven from
London, 85; killed, ib.
Cadoc, the Welsh prince, surprised by the Normans, i. 112, note.
Caen surrenders to the French, iii. 163.
Calais, surrender of, to Edward the Third, ii. 212.
Caliphate, its constitution, i. 304, note.
Calmucks, Dr. Clark's account of their food, i. 19, note.
Cambridge, earl of, conspires against Henry the Fifth, ii. 394.
Canute, forms an alliance with the Scandinavian states, i. 1.
the Great, promotes the civilization of Denmark, i. 30; in-
troduces English bishops to preach christianity, ib.; marries his
daughter to the son of the emperor of Germany, 31; višits
France and Italy, ib.
Saint, king of Denmark, contributes to soften the fierceness
of the Danish character, i. 31.
Capet. See Hugh Capet.
Capitularies of Charlemagne, i. 13, note.
Carinthians, their character in the eleventh century, i. 43.
Carmelite Friars, their conduct and influence in England, iii. 122.
Casimir the Great, king of Poland, annexes Russia to his king-
dom, ii. 12.
Catesby, Sir William, a partisan of the duke of Gloucester, iii.
412; his promotions, 413; beheaded after the battle of Bos-
worth Field, 530.
Cathari, a religious sect, their derivation from the Paulicians,
v. 127.
Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. of France, married to Henry
the Fifth, ii. 465; her coronation, 466.
daughter of the king of Spain, married to Arthur, son of
Henry the Seventh, iv. 87; on his death, married to his brother
prince Henry, 88.
Caxton, learns the art of printing in Flanders, iii. 248, note; esta-
blishes the first printing press in England, 329, note.
Chandos, a gentleman of Bretagne, created earl of Bath, iv. 53.
Charlemagne, represses the Avari and the Northmen, i. 11; im-
portance of his reign in promoting the civilization of Europe,
12; acquires the use of letters, 13; his political arrangements,
ib.; destroys the kingdom of the Lombards, 14; is crowned
emperor of the West, ib.; invested with the sovereignty of Italy,
by the Pope, ib.; moral character of his conquests, ib.; his
empire attacked by the Northmen, 63.
Turpin's History of, an early romance, iv. 243. See Turpin.
Charles Martel. See Martel.
IV. or the Fair, King of France, ii. 32.
V. of France, his prosperous reign, ii. 33.
VI. assumes the personal government of France, ii. 391;
distractions of the country during his reign, ib.; prepares an
army to oppose Henry the Fifth, on his march from Harfleur
to Calais, 429; defeated at the battle of Agincourt, 430, et
seq.; his death, 483...
Charles, dauphin of France, his contests with the duke of Burgundy
for the regency and crown, ii. 464; assassinates the duke, 465;
his contests with Henry the Fifth, 466; crowned king of
France, 484.
VII. extent of his possessions on his accession, ii. 489; his
forces defeated by the English at the battle of Crevant, 490;
and again at the battle of Vernueil, 491; prepares for the de-
fence of Orleans, 512; dissuaded by Agnes Sorrel from quit-
ting France in despair, 522; his straits, from the progress of
the English arms, 518; Joan of Arc introduced to him, 550;
assents to her enterprise, 554; sends her to the relief of Orleans,
558; conducted by her to Rheims, and there crowned, 584;
challenged by the duke of Bedford, 585; makes peace with
the duke of Burgundy, iii. 23; expels the English from Paris,
25; renews the war and takes Rouen, 76; besieges and takes
Caen, and expels the English from Normandy, 162; acquires
Aquitaine from the English, 173.
VIII. king of France, aids the earl of Richmond in his
projected invasion of England, against Richard the Third, iii.
497; his hostilities against England in Flanders, iv. 81; marries
the duchess of Bretagne, and annexes that province to France,
84; makes peace with England, 85.
of Anjou, brother of St. Louis, made king of Naples and
Sicily, ii. 31; perishes at sea, i. 451.
king of Bohemia, made emperor of Germany, ii. 23.
V. emperor of Germany, betrothed to the daughter of Henry
the Seventh, iv. 89.
Chatterton, origin of his Rowley's poems, iv. 58, and note; fur-
ther account of him, v. 389.
Chaucer, patronized by Richard the Second, ii. 342; made chief
botiller by Henry the Fourth, 485; account of his life and
poems, v. 323; specimen of his prose style, 453.
Cheney, Sir John, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 493, note.
Chicheley, archbishop, the zealous champion of popery against the
Wicliffites, iii. 141.
Chivalry, derived its origin from the establishment of Christianity,
i. 26; from the Gothic nations, 470.
Christiana, a lady of the Scottish Isles, assists Robert Bruce, in
his exile, ii. 115.
Christianity, its existence in Europe endangered by the Moha-
medans and Pagans, i. 7; defended by the Franks, 8; its danger
from the Hungarian invasion of Europe, 19; effects of its pro-
mulgation upon the civilization of Europe, 23; established in
Russia, 24; Hungary, ib.; its danger, from the progress of the
Turks in Asia, 310.
its establishment promoted in Denmark, i. 30, et seq.; in
Sweden, 32; established in Prussia, 42; Hungary, 43; Aus-
tria, 44; introduced into Holland, &c. 46; embraced by the
Normans, 70; introduced into Ireland by St. Patrick, 281.
Christianity, causes of the early corruption of its doctrines, v. 3;
influence of Mohamedanism on, 118.
Papal, its rise and establishment in England, v. 1.
Chronicles of the Anglo-Norman Monks, their character and
value, iv. 170.
Church of England, state of its revenues, &c. in the early part of
the fifteenth century, iii. 96; See Hierarchy; attacks on, by
the parochial clergy, 127; state, and reform of, under Henry
the Seventh, iv. 76.
Cicero's vituperations, iv. 130.
Cimabue, the father of modern painting, ii. 39.
Cinque-Ports, their fleet defeat a French fleet in a sanguinary en-
gagement, ii. 76.
Civil War between the parties of York and Lancaster, beginning
of, iii. 164.
Civilization, progress of, in Europe, from the Norman conquest,
i. 28.
Clarence, duke of, son of Henry IV. invades France, ii. 364.
earl of, brother of Edward the Fourth, marries the earl of
Warwick's sister, iii. 248; conspires with the earl against Ed-
ward, 254; retreats with him to France, and joins queen
Margaret's party, 360; made lord lieutenant of Ireland, on
the restoration of Henry the Sixth, 274; again espouses the
cause of Edward, 290; arraigned of treason by the king, his
brother, 325; privately put to death, 326.
Clarendon, Parliament held at, under Henry the Second, i. 243;
the constitutions passed in it, 246.
Classical literature, its inadequacy to improve the world, iv. 124;
its revival in England, 149.
Classics, Roman, their limited utility, iv. 176.
Claude of Turin, his attack upon images in the churches, &c.
Clergy of England, permitted to marry by Henry First, i. 195;
Henry the Second's measures to subject them to the criminal
tribunals, 240; abuses arising from their previous exemptions,
241, and note; their conduct in the dispute between the King
and Becket, 243; their public employments, iii. 131; their state
at the accession of Edward the Fifth, 365; their resistance
to the Pope, v. 148; measures of the English sovereigns to
lessen their power, 150; their contests with the mendicant
friars, 155; effects of their vices and luxury, 158; incited to
write vernacular poetry, iv. 200.
Norman, their beneficial influence in the civilization of
England, i. 104.
Clermont, Council held at, on the subject of the crusades, i. 321.
Clifford, lord, killed at the first battle of St. Albans, iii. 188.
lord (the young) appointed with the earl of Northumberland
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