captor into the hands of the Duke of Burgundy, and by the Duke into the hands of the English. To the English her triumphs were victories of sorcery, and, after a year's imprisonment, she was brought to trial on a charge of 5 heresy before an ecclesiastical court with the Bishop of Beauvais at its head.

Throughout the long process which followed, every art was employed to entangle her in her talk. But the simple shrewdness of the peasant girl foiled the efforts of her 10 judges. "Do you believe," they asked, "that you are in a state of grace?"-"If I am not," she replied, "God will put me in it. If I am, God will keep me in it." Her capture, they argued, showed that God had forsaken her. "Since it has pleased God that I should be taken,' 15 she answered meekly, "it is for the best."-"Will you submit," they demanded at last, "to the judgment of the Church Militant?"-"I have come to the King of France," Jeanne replied, "by commission from God and from the Church Triumphant above; to that Church I 20 submit. I had far rather die," she ended passionately, "than renounce what I have done by my Lord's command." They deprived her of mass. "Our Lord can make me hear it without your aid," she said, weeping. "Do your voices," asked the judges, "forbid you to sub25 mit to the Church and the Pope?"-"Ah, no! Our Lord first served."

Sick, and deprived of all religious aid, it was no

wonder that as the long trial dragged on and question followed question, Jeanne's firmness wavered. On the charge of sorcery and diabolical possession she still ap

TOWER OF THE CASTLE IN ROUEN

(Joan of Arc was imprisoned in this castle during her trial.)

pealed firmly to God. "I hold to my Judge," she said,

as her earthly judges gave sentence against her, "to the 5 King of Heaven and Earth. God has always been my

From a painting of the sixteenth century, preserved in the Hotel de Ville, Rouen

Lord in all that I have done. The devil has never had power over me."

It was only with a view to be delivered from the military prison and transferred to the prisons of the 5 Church that she consented to a formal abjuration of

heresy. In the eyes of the Church her dress was a crime, and she abandoned it; but she was forced to resume it as a safeguard, and the return to it was treated as a relapse into heresy which doomed her to death.

A great pile was raised in the market-place of Rouen, 5 where her statue stands now. Even the brutal soldiers who snatched the hated "witch" from the hands of the clergy and hurried her to her doom, were hushed as she reached the stake. One, indeed, passed to her a rough cross he had made from a stick he held, and she clasped 10 it to her bosom. "Oh, Rouen! Rouen!" she was heard to murmur, as her eyes ranged over the city from the lofty scaffold, "I have great fear lest you suffer for my death." "Yes! my voices were of God!" she suddenly cried as the last moment came; "they have never de- 15 ceived me!" Soon the flames reached her, the girl's head sank on her breast, there was one great cry of "Jesus!" "We are lost," an English soldier muttered as the crowd broke up; "we have burned a saint." -JOHN RICHARD GREEN: A Short History of the English People.

Dauphin, title of the heir to the crown of France, who at this time was kept from the throne by his enemies; coronation, crowning.

In your last lesson you read about a brave soldier boy; in this you have a true account of a girl who rode to battle and fought as bravely as any man. Joan of Arc died about sixty years before America was discovered. In those days England and France were at war, and there was danger that the Dauphin Charles, who was the real heir to the French throne, would lose all his dominions.

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To what mission did Joan of Arc feel herself called? In what way? What did her father think about her? What increased her feeling that she must help the Dauphin? Describe her meeting with the Dauphin. How did she convince him that she was the Maid of Prophecy? Picture Joan of Arc at the head of the army. Describe the saving of Orleans. Describe

her trial.

Spelling. Coronation, consecrated, devastation, demoralized, distraction, endeavoring, beleaguered, cruelties.

Punctuation. - On page 305 you find these marks ( ), which are called parentheses. You will find another example of the use of the parentheses in the same poem. Read the sentences, omitting the words inclosed in the parentheses. Is the sense destroyed?

Parentheses are used to inclose words that give an explanatory remark which can be omitted without destroying the sense of the

sentence.

Composition. What other instances can you give of deeds of bravery performed by women? Have you ever heard of Grace Darling? of Ida Lewis? of Florence Nightingale? of Moll Pitcher? Perhaps you know some woman who has done a brave thing. Be prepared to give to the class an account of some woman's or girl's brave deed. Plan your story at home, so that you can tell it well. If you wish, you may make a written outline, to which you may refer as you talk.

After the hour, you may decide which character you most admire, and who has told the most interesting story.