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The sailor whom (object form) Columbus praised had been obedient.

Who, whose, and whom refer to persons, or to animals, only rarely to things; which and that refer to animals or things; what refers to things. What is unlike the other conjunctive pronouns in not having its antecedent expressed. It is equivalent to that which. For example, "Columbus was pleased with what he saw means "Columbus was pleased with that which he saw.”

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II. In the following sentences select the conjunctive and interrogative pronouns. Give the antecedent, and state the case, of each conjunctive pronoun.

1. Columbus, who was richly attired in scarlet, entered the boat. 2. The natives, whose astonishment was great, looked in wonder at the strange sight. 3. The admiral, of whom you have been told, was now honored by all. 4. The atmosphere, which was pure and mild, delighted the Spaniards. 5. The boat that led the way was the Admiral's. 6. The disobedient sailors, whom Columbus had forgiven, now begged favors of him. 7. Columbus was pleased with what he saw. 8. Who landed first? 9. What did he carry? 10. Of whom were the Indians afraid? 11. Which deserved the honor? 12. Whose was it?

III. In your study of the interrogative pronoun who (page 362) you were warned not to confuse the nominative with the objective You are apt to make a similar mistake in making sentences containing the conjunctive or relative pronoun who.

case.

In the following sentences fill the blanks with proper words, and explain your choice:

1. Columbus aided the people

he found on the island.

2. This is he of I spoke. 3. Columbus wanted a man he could trust. 4. Was it you first saw land? 5. This was he

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IV. There is another mistake which you must avoid. Do not express an antecedent for what.

Correct the following:
:-

1. The people what lived here have moved. 2. John told me

the news what he heard. 3. You must tell me all the things what you hear. 4. I have given away the book what I owned.

V. Write five sentences, using correctly the conjunctive pronoun what.

VI. Fill the blanks with suitable pronouns and name the antecedent of each:

Those accompanied Columbus were Spaniards. He is one of you have heard. A man, — name was Columbus, discovered America. He knew he hoped to find. The birds flew over the ship encouraged him. The branches the sea were regarded as a sign of land. The Indian

the ship gave the alarm.

floated in

first saw

VII. Write sentences using correctly the conjunctive pronouns, who, whose, whom, which, that, what.

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PSALM XIX

1. THE heavens declare the glory of God;
And the firmament sheweth his handywork.
2. Day unto day uttereth speech,

And night unto night sheweth knowledge. 3. There is no speech nor language;

Their voice cannot be heard.

4. Their line is gone out through all the earth, And their words to the end of the world.

In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, 5. Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, And rejoiceth as a strong man to run his course.

6. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, And his circuit unto the ends of it:

And there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. 7. The law of the LORD is perfect, restoring the soul: The testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple.

8. The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: The commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening

the eyes.

9. The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever:

The judgments of the LORD are true, and righteous altogether.

10. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold:

Sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.

11. Moreover by them is thy servant warned:

In keeping of them there is great reward.

12. Who can discern his errors?

Clear thou me from hidden faults.

13. Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; Let them not have dominion over me: then shall I

be perfect,

And I shall be clear from great transgression.

14. Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in thy sight,

O LORD, my rock, and my redeemer.

- THE BIBLE.

firmament, the great expanse over our heads in which are placed the atmosphere and clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed and are really seen; sheweth, showeth; handywork, handiwork, the work of the hands; circuit, place over which he travels, his journey; moreover, besides; presumptuous, intentional; dominion, control; meditation, serious thoughts; discern, discover; enlightening, making light or clear.

One of the greatest characters in Bible history is David, one of the early kings of the Jewish race. He was not only a great king and a great warrior, but a poet and a musician, and wrote many psalms or sacred songs, of which this is one of the most beautiful. It was written to be sung in the tabernacle at Jerusalem.

In your reading of The Sun you must have felt how wonderful a world God has created. In this psalm David is expressing his wonder and admiration at the power of the creator. Notice the great use of figurative language. Stanza 1. In what way do the heavens declare the glory of God? How does the firmament show his handiwork? Stanza 2. What works of God speak of Him from day to day? What knowledge of Him can you get at night? Stanza 3. Explain this. Stanza 4 repeats the thought of stanza 3. In them refers back to the heavens and the firmament. The heavenly body which seems to us the greatest is the sun. David has expressed this figuratively by imagining a special place of honor-a tabernacle for the sun. Stanza 5. To what two things is the sun compared? Stanza 6. Is there any part of the earth that does not at one time or another receive light and heat from the sun?

In the preceding stanzas we are made to feel the greatness of the sun in a poetical way, largely by the use of figures. What was the psalmist's object in leading us to feel this? There is now a change in subject, but you can see why David makes this change. The heavenly bodies move in obedience to laws; so should man act, for he sees by the works of nature how perfect God's laws are. In stanzas 7, 8, 9, find different names applied to the law of God. What are they? To what desirable things is the law of the Lord compared? Stanza 11. David here applies this all to himself. By

what name does he speak of himself? Stanza 12. Another change. He fears he will not discern or see his own sins, so he closes with a prayer. What kind of sin does he fear in stanza 12? in stanza 13? Notice the contrast. The prayer closes with praise to God, as it began. What figure do you see in the word rock? Why is it applied to God?

In Hebrew poetry the lines do not rhyme, but the two or three parts of each stanza are usually so arranged that they contain similar thoughts expressed in a similar way.

Spelling.

ion, honeycomb.

Firmament, tabernacle, discern, enlightening, domin

Word Study. Analyze rejoiceth. Notice the use of the prefix en in enlightening. This prefix has several meanings. Here it means to make. Place it before dear, danger, act, camp. Analyze each word you thus form.

Composition. - Write Psalm xix from memory. Compare what you have written with the book, and indicate your mistakes in spelling, punctuation, etc., by symbols on the margin of your paper. Then close your books and rewrite, correcting all mistakes.

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THE SPACIOUS FIRMAMENT

THE spacious firmament on high,
With all the blue ethereal sky,

And spangled heavens, a shining frame,
Their great Original proclaim:

Th' unwearied sun, from day to day,
Does his Creator's power display,

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