Vellicating a Surface; and thus ARTO might belong to the race of words signifying 'To Stir up.'-The very term Constriction is connected with Stringo, To "Grate upon" a Surface, a Surface, Strigmentum, "The Scraping, &c. Strix;" (a Strigo pro Stringo,) " A channel, "Furrow, hollow gutter, or strake," &c. In the preceding column of Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary to that, in which Artation is, we have ART, ARD, "The termination of many words," as in Bast-ARD, &c.— "ART and Part, Accessory to." The ART and Part, as referring to crimes, means the same, in Scottish Law, as the combination Ope et Consilio does in Latin, where "by ART is understood the "mandate, Instigation, or advice, that may have been given towards committing the crime." Here we see, that ART has the same meaning as ARTation.

The German ARZT, a Physician, has been derived by some from Ars, Artista. It should be considered probably, as directly belonging to the German ART, "The Nature, Property, Quality,

Temper," &c. The verb Arzenen signified in old German, 'Condire,' "Win ARTZEN mit kalk." (Sherzii Gloss. sub voce.) This word might directly be attached to ARZT, under the idea of Medicating any thing, as we express it; though it is probably referred to the more general sense belonging to ARZT, and to ART, as denoting the Temper, &c. Hence ARZT might mean The Temperer-the person who Mixes or Compounds drugs, so as to make them of a due Temper-Quality, Sort, ART or v-IRTue, fit for producing a certain effect.' I shall shew, that MEDICUS is the MIXER-MASHER, or Temperer. We see, in the terms ARZT and Arzenen, how the sense of ART connects itself with ARTUO, (AgTuw, Apparo.) The Greek Iatros, (largos, Medicus,) is supposed to be derived from Iaoua, Medeor, which may perhaps be the fact.

ERK-ites. (Greek,) A Labourer,

Servant.

Up-EERETES. (Gr.) A Servant. ERESSO. (Gr.) To Row, To Stir up the Water.

ERESCHELLEO. (Gr.) To Con-
tend with, Scoff at.
^RIXO. (Lat.) To quarrel with.

w= 'RATH. (Eng.)
IRsian. (Sax.) Irasci.
ORGE. (Gr.) Working up, Angér.
The Quality of any thing.
ORGazo. (Gr.) To Work up as
into a passion, To Work up,
or Macerate.

ORGAS. (Gr.) The fertile Field,
well Worked or Cultivated.

I SHALL now proceed to examine the race of words belonging to our Element ^R. C, D, &c. which are derived by a metaphorical application from the action of Stirring up-Routing up-Tearing up-Breaking up the Ground or EARTH, &c., and which express the idea of Stirring up in general-of Excitement-CommotionAgitation-Irritation, or of Disturbing-Aggrieving-Vexing, &c. From this source have been derived those terms in Language, under different Elements, which relate to actions of Violenceto HARSH and Grating Noises, &c., as Grind, Grunt, Crush, Crash, Grate, Clash, Dash, Pell, Mell, &c. &c. I shall shew, that the words, which I have adopted, belong to names for the Ground or EARTH, under different Elements; as Grind and Grunt to Ground, &c., Mell to Mould, HARSH to EARTH, &c. &c. My Hypothesis is, that such words originally signified, To Ground or EARTH,' if I may so express it; either under the idea of reducing to Ground, EARTH, or Dust, or of Stirring up the Ground or EARTH;' and that from terms of this meaning, other words, conveying the ideas above unfolded, were either directly or more remotely derived.— We know, that the term HARROW conveys at once the sense of Stirring up the Ground, and that it is adopted likewise by a metaphorical application, as in 'HARROW up the Soul,' to express the

с

most

most violent state of Agitation, by which the mind can be Excited and Disturbed. We have seen, moreover, that the terms Solicitude and Solicito denote in their primitive sense the action of Stirring up the Ground,' or Solum.

The explanatory word Agitation is derived, we know, from Agito and Ago; and I shall shew, that AGo, under the form of our Element ^C, ^D, ^G, &c., belongs to Acer, from a similar idea of Stirring up the Ground. I have been obliged to anticipate other terms, likewise, IRRITATE and RoUT, which are attached to our Element ^RT, RT, with or without the breathing before the R. I shall reserve for a separate article, the investigation of those terms, where there is no breathing before the R, because, when the breathing is once lost, it may be considered as a separate form, and capable of generating a race of words distinct from those under the other form. We shall see, however, that the forms are perpetually passing into each other, and should be considered as originally the same. ROUT, we know, refers particularly to the action of Stirring up the Ground;' and it means likewise To Stir up,' in a metaphorical sense, with the idea of Disturbance or Violence. Rour belongs to the Saxon WROTan, Versare Rostro, where we have the regular form ^RT, with the breathing before the R. We perceive now, that ROSTRUM belongs to ROUT, and that both these words directly connect themselves with the form ^RT, with the breathing before the R. Let us mark the explanatory word v=ERS-are, which belongs to ^RT, &c. The term IRRITO must either be considered as attached to the Element ^RT, with the breathing before the R, or the Ir is for In, and the RITO must then be regarded as belonging to the Element RT, with no breathing before it. I shall adopt the terms IRRITATE and Rour in my discussion, as most expressive of the ideas, which I am desirous of conveying. Some derive Irrito from Ira, or Hirrire; though others imagine, that there

was

was an old word RITO, from whence Irrito and Prorito were taken.

The term HARASS is directly connected with the metaphor of the Harrow, or HERSE. The Etymologists, under HARASS, refer us to the French Harasser, the Saxon Hergian, the German Heeren, Populari, devastare; and this latter word Skinner derives from the Saxon Here, and the German Heer, Exercitus. To these he refers the French Harceler, and Harier, Vexare; and he observes, "Allu“dit, Gr. Egeσxeλew, Scommate Illudo, Rixor, à nom. Epis, Con"tentio. Vide et ab eodem fonte ort. verb. Hurry vel Harry.” The French Etymologists refer Harasser to the Greek ARASsein, (Apaoσe, Pulsare,) which must be added to this race of words, and HARCeler, to the German "HARKE, qui signifie Rateau." Let us mark the term RATeau, under the form RT.

To the Saxon HERGian, which Lye in his Saxon Dictionary explains by "TO HARROW, Vastare, spoliare, prædas agere," the Etymologists have justly referred the old English word HARRY or HARRIE, Depopulari, Hostiliter invadere, vastare;" and they have moreover produced, as parallel, the Danish Herge, the Spanish Harrear, the French Harier, and the Saxon Herge, Here, Exercitus. The Saxon HERGE means "Turma-Prædatores ;-Depopulatio," the HARROWERS or Plunderers; and to this belongs an adjacent Saxon term Here, Exercitus, Turma, An army or company in general, &c., from which is derived the German Heer, a Host. Lye explains the Saxon Here-geat by "Militaris apparatus, Armamen

tum, (ab Here, Exercitus, et Géotan, Reddere, erogare);" and he adds, "Inde etiam quodcunque patrono suo præstitit vasallus ad "arcendos grassatores, et prædatores, vocabatur Here-Geat. Hoc denique patrono præstitum ab omni novo vasallo idem obtinuit nomen, unde vox nostra Heriot." Again in Saxon, Here-geold, or gyld, is "Militare tributum," from which Here-geld is derived. Here-Toga is the "Exercitûs Dux," from which the Germans