IV. SUGGESTIVE NOTES. In Winsor's "History of America," VI., pp. 563-588, may be found a valuable article by Edward Everett Hale on "The Naval History of the Revolution." We quote from it: "The national navy of the United States was reduced to the very lowest terms. Nor had Congress much enthusiasm for replacing them [the vessels that had been captured by England]. In the first place, Congress had no money with which to build ships, and in the second place the alliance with France gave it the use of a navy much more powerful than any it could hope to create. It was also clear enough that the great prizes to be hoped for in privateering gave a sufficient inducement to call out all the force the country had for naval warfare. . . . The damage which the privateers inflicted upon the enemy's commerce was such that the mercantile classes of England became bitterly opposed to the war. . . Hutchinson, in his diary, reports the belief that seventy thousand New Englanders were engaged in privateering at one time. This was probably an over-estimate at that moment. But it is certain that, as the war went on, many more than seventy thousand Americans fought their enemy upon the sea. On the other hand, the reader knows that there was no time when seventy thousand men were enrolled in the armies of the United States on shore." We find in the same article a table compiled from a report sent to Congress by General Knox in 1790, show ing the number of Continental soldiers and militia in the American army each year of the war. We give it as Congress called for eighty thousand men in 1777, which was approximately the same percentage of fighting men as a million from the north in the Civil War. The table above shows that not half that number were secured, yet a million northern soldiers could be found in the field in 1864. An army of eighty thousand well-trained soldiers in 1777 could have made short work of the English armies opposed to them. Two or three suggestions arise out of these facts and figures. It was much easier to get men to engage in privateering than to enlist in the regular army. There were perhaps two reasons for this. Most of the men on these privateers were fishermen and sailors who, as we have already found, were thrown out of employment by English cruisers. Privateering, moreover, was far more profitable than service in an ill-paid army. During the late Civil War the North was really more united and patriotic than were the people in the time of the Revolution. The Tory sentiment was in many quarters strong to the last. 1778-81. IN THE SOUTH. What to Teach: British Plan to conquer the South; Partisan Warfare; King's Mountain. I. REFERENCES. Barnes, pp. 287, 296, 312, 313; Ellis, II., pp. 105-110; Coffin's Boys of '76, pp. 296, 297, 300-302, 360–362; Irving-Fiske, pp. 421-427; Anderson, pp. 182, 183, 189191; Richardson, pp. 261-264. II. SPECIAL TOPICS. Marion and the British Officer, Richardson, pp. 252, 253, Barnes, pp. 287, 288; The Backwoodsmen from Kentucky, Roosevelt's Winning the West, I., pp. 119, 120; The Indians in the Revolution, Roosevelt's Winning the West, II., pp. 3, 4; Nancy Hart, Barnes, pp. 291, 292; Marion and Sumter, Irving-Fiske, pp. 428, 429. III. OUTSIDE READINGS. History The Northwest and the Revolution, Hinsdale's Old Northwest, pp. 147-162; King's Mountain, Roosevelt's Winning the West, pp. 241-294; Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, IV., pp. 207-209; In the South, Coffin's Boys of '76, pp. 289-302, 334-371; War in the South, Barnes, pp. 283-297; Boone and the Long Hunters, Roosevelt's Winning the West, I., pp. 134– 165; Boone and the Settlement of Kentucky, Roosevelt's Winning the West, I., pp. 244-271; In the Current of the Revolution, Roosevelt's Winning the West, I., pp. 272-306; War in the Northwest, Roosevelt's Winning the West, II., pp. 1-30; Clark and the Indians, Roosevelt's Winning the West, II., pp. 31-90; What the Westerners had done during the Revolution, Roosevelt's Winning the West, II., pp. 370-390; Winsor's History of America, VI., pp. 469– 507; The Indians and Border Warfare, Winsor's History. of America, VI., pp. 605-647, 710-743; Ellet's Domestic History of the Revolution; War in the South, Fiske's American Revolution, II., pp. 164-205; Charleston in the Revolution, Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution, II., pp. 543-575. Biography: Simms's Life of Francis Marion; Brant, D'Anvers's Heroes of American Discovery, pp. 233-253 ; Red Jacket, D'Anvers's Heroes of American Discovery, pp. 280-288. Poetry Song of Marion's Men, Bryant. IV. SUGGESTIVE NOTES. We have commented upon the plans to conquer the South during the last four years of actual campaigning. The atrocious character of the civil war that prevailed, especially in South Carolina, during these latter years of the Revolution, is not generally well understood. The work of the partisan leaders, Marion, Sumter, and Pickens, together with that of the brave and hardy backwoodsmen of Kentucky and Tennessee, is worthy of special attention. It is by no means advisable to go into details here, even when referring to the brilliant strategy of General Greene. He was doubtless Washington's ablest lieutenant, and was fortunate in having the aid of Daniel Morgan, William Washington, and Henry Lee, the latter being Robert E. Lee's father. It should be remembered that much of this partisan warfare was between patriots and Tories in other words was really civil · - and was simply horrible in its ruthless cruelty. In the famous battle of King's Mountain — which, by the way, is graphically described in Roosevelt's "The Winning of the West"- the soldiers on the English side were practically all Americans. Mr. Roosevelt has done the public great service in his account of Boone and the settlement of Kentucky, of the great work of George Rogers Clark in conquering the Northwest, and of that done by John Sevier, the "lion of the border," in crushing the Cherokees who were armed and equipped by English money. Indeed, this whole field is very attractive to the student of American history, but the grammarschool teacher must not think of going into particulars. We refer to the battle of King's Mountain for reasons already stated, and also because it was the Bennington of |