physiography of the continent was overwhelming in its influence upon the character of the life and industries of the North and the South. Yet we cannot forget that the Puritan with his democratic ideas settled Massachusetts, the Mother State of the North, while the cavalier, permeated with the spirit of feudalism, found his home in Virginia, the Mother State of the South. Hence the topic, Contrast between the Cavalier of Virginia and the Puritan of Massachusetts, points to the future, a future full of civil discord and confusion.

"England's Navigation Laws" may remind the teacher that the forces which finally brought about the American · Revolution were already in motion. We shall say more of this in referring to the causes of the Revolution.

NEW NETHERLAND, OR NEW YORK (1614).

What to Teach: Henry Hudson; The Dutch in New Netherland; Peter Miniut and New Amsterdam; The Patroons; Peter Stuyvesant and Popular Rights; New Netherland becomes New York.

I. REFERENCES.

Richardson, pp. 109-115; Higginson's Young Folks, pp. 88-98; Montgomery, pp. 65-72; Wright's American History, pp. 292-294; Anderson, pp. 60-64; Scudder, pp. 54-58; Ellis, I., pp. 84-89; Eggleston's First Book, pp. 42-49; Barnes, pp. 55-60; Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies, pp. 142-145, 195–205.

II. SPECIAL TOPICS.

Hudson and the Indians, Eggleston's First Book, pp. 45, 46; The Patroons, Montgomery, p. 68.

III. OUTSIDE READINGS.

History: New York and New Netherland, Smith's Stories of Persons and Places, pp. 228-245; Winsor's History of America, IV., pp. 395-409; Henry Hudson and the Netherlands, Higginson's American Explorers, pp. 311337, Higginson's Young Folks' Series, No. 7, Bryant I., pp. 345-358, Bancroft, I., pp. 475-493; New York until 1688, Fisher's Colonial Era, chap. ix.; Settlement of New York and its Revolutionary History, Drake's Nooks and Corners of New England, pp. 228-260; Classic Readings, No. 9; Markham's Sea Fathers, pp. 141-150; New York in 1765, Doyle's English Colonies, pp. 312-341.

Biography: Sparks's American Biography, X.

Fiction: Knickerbocker's History of New York, Irving.

IV. SUGGESTIVE NOTES.

Henry Hudson's explorations were so closely followed by the settlement of New Netherland that we study him in this connection. We caution teachers against dwelling to any considerable extent upon the works of the Dutch governors. Peter Stuyvesant may well claim a due share of attention, but it is not necessary to do much with the others. Some quotations from Knickerbocker's History of New York will give spice to the recitations. Henry

Hudson and Peter Stuyvesant will tell a large part of the

story.

MASSACHUSETTS.

a. PLYMOUTH COLONY (1620).

What to Teach: Religious Intolerance and the Puritans in England; Holland the First Refuge; Why the Pilgrims came to America; The Pilgrims and the English Company; The Character of the Colonists; The Compact in the Cabin of the Mayflower; Captain Myles Standish and the Exploring Expedition; Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock; The Colonists in Distress; The Town Meeting; Massasoit and the Indians; The Pilgrims become Independent of the English Company; Plymouth of the Present.

1. REFERENCES.

Anderson, pp. 65-71; Eggleston's United States, pp. 33-38; Scudder, pp. 72-76; Drake's Making of New England, pp. 67-86; Ellis, I., pp. 99-107; Montgomery, pp. 74-80; Gilman, II., pp. 12-21; Eggleston's First Book, Pp. 49-59; Higginson's Young Folks, pp. 55-60; Monroe, pp. 85-96; Richardson, pp. 95-100; Wright's American History, pp. 18-25; Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies, pp. 117-126; Johonnot's Ten Great Events, pp. 207-214; Eggleston's Household United States, pp. 3742; Barnes, pp. 42-46; Dodge's Stories of American History, pp. 18-25.

II. SPECIAL TOPICS.

The Pilgrim Covenant, Johnston, p. 18; Hardships of First Winter, Higginson's Young Folks, pp. 59, 60; The Explorers, Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies, pp. 120, 121; Why the Colonists came, Dodge's Stories of American History, pp. 34-39.

III. OUTSIDE READINGS.

History: The Pilgrims, Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies, pp. 111-140; First Years at Plymouth, Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies, pp. 129-145; The Pilgrims and the Settlement of New England, Wright's American History, pp. 200-315; Hawthorne's Grandfather's Chair; The Pilgrims of Plymouth, Higginson's Young Folks' Series, No. 8, Markham's Colonial Days, pp. 53-71; Plymouth Plantations, Classic Readings, No. 3; The Coming of the Pilgrims, Drake's Making of New England, pp. 67–103; Hale's Story of Massachusetts, pp. 20-49, 90-185; Legends of Plymouth Rock, Drake's New England Legends, pp. 311-337, Winsor's History of America, III., pp. 257-283; New England in 1765, Doyle's English Colonies, pp. 406-476; The Plymouth Pilgrims, Doyle's Puritan Colonies, I., pp. 11-81; Plymouth Past and Present, Drake's Nooks and Corners of New England, pp. 261-282.

Biography: Abbott's Captain Miles Standish; Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, V., pp. 643, 644. Fiction: The Mayflower, Stowe; Standish of Standish. Austin; Bettie Alden, Austin; A Nameless Nobleman, Austin; Dr. Le Baron and His Daughters, Austin.

Poetry: Courtship of Miles Standish, Longfellow; The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, Hemans; Thanksgiving Day, Preston; The First Thanksgiving Day, Preston; The Twenty-Second of December, Bryant; Songs of the Pilgrims (an excellent collection of poems. on colonial New England); The Embarkation (Pilgrims), Doten; First Proclamation of Miles Standish, Preston; The Pilgrim Fathers - Where are They, Pierpont; The Pilgrim's Vision, O. W. Holmes.

Oratory: Webster's Plymouth Oration, Webster and His Masterpieces, II., pp. 59-111; The Mayflower and the Pilgrim, Union Speaker, E. Everett, p. 111.

Readings in Contemporaneous History: Guest's Handbook of English History, pp. 472–492.

IV. SUGGESTIVE NOTES.

Let the personality of Myles Standish stand out in bold relief. Make much of the character of the Pilgrims. The study of these noble men and women will prove inspiring. The motives of the Pilgrims should be compared with the motives animating other colonies in America. For a comprehensive account of the Pilgrims we refer to Goodwin's "The Pilgrim Republic." It is full of interest.

b. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY (1630).

What to Teach: The First Colony settles at Salem; Endicott's Religious Zeal; The Church and the State; Religious Intolerance among the Puritans; Roger Williams