Trinity college, Dublin. These, as well as many valuable sinecures, he held up to the period of his death, which took place in September, 1794. He was a man of talent, but of little scholastic learning. During his senatorial career, he advocated octennial parliaments, free trade, catholic emancipation, and parliamentary reform. While provost, he was perpetually quarrelling with the fellows and students of his college; some of whom, it is said, on account of his harsh and fatal treatment to one of their body, broke into his house, and would, perhaps, have wreaked summary vengeance on him, had he not received intelligence of their design, and effected a retreat. He challenged one gentleman, aged seventy, and fought a duel with another, while suffering under a fit of the gout. His rapacity for office was insatiable. At a time when already in possession of several lucrative posts, he applied for some further emoluments to Lord Townshend, who jestingly told him, that he had nothing to offer him, but a majority of dragoons; which the secretary, it is said, unblushingly accepted; and had its duties performed by a deputy, to whom he allowed such a remuneration as left a considerable surplus out of the pay. On his first attendance at a levee, in England, the king asked Lord North who he was. "That is your majesty's principal secretary of state for Ireland," replied the witty premier, "a man, on whom, if your majesty was pleased to bestow the united kingdom, would ask for the Isle of Man as a potato garden."

BARRE, (ISAAC, Colonel,) was born in Ireland, about the year 1726. He served at Quebec, under Wolfe, in the picture of whose death, by Benjamin West, his figure is conspicuous. The Earl of Shelburne procured him a seat in parliament, where, acting in opposition to government, he was not only deprived of his offices of adjutant-general, and governor of Stirling castle, which he had received as a reward for his services in America, but dismissed from the service. During the Rockingham administration, he was compensated for the loss which he had thus sustained, by being voted a pension of £3,200 per annum; which he subsequently relinquished, pursuant to an

arrangement with Pitt, on obtaining the clerkship of the Pells. He usually took office when his party predominated; and was, in the course of his career, a privy-counsellor, vice-treasurer of Ireland, paymaster of the forces, and treasurer of the navy. His best speeches were delivered during the North administration, on the American war, to which he appears to have been inflexibly opposed. His oratory was powerful, but coarse; his manner rugged, his countenance stern, and his stature athletic. He was suspected, but apparently without reason, of having assisted in writing the letters of Junius. For the last twenty years of his life, he was afflicted with blindness, which, however, he is said to have borne with cheerful resignation. His death took place on the 20th of July, 1792.

of

CAULFIELD, (JAMES, Earl Charlemont,) son of Viscount Charlemont and Baron Caulfield, was born in Ireland, on the 22nd of August, 1728, and succeeded to his father's title and estates when only six years old. After receiving a private education, he travelled for about fifteen years, during which period he made a valuable collection of pictures and antiquities, and, with these, on his return to Ireland, he embellished his beautiful residence in the neighbourhood of Dublin. It had been his intention to remain a bachelor, until, one day, his brother, Major Caulfield, to whom he was pointing out the classical improvements he had made in his grounds, happened to remark, that when the property came into his hands, he should at once do away with its decorations, and devote the land to the more profitable purposes of growing corn and grazing cattle. This observation gave

the future earl so much offence that he determined to marry; and, in July, 1768, he was united to Mary, the daughter of an officer on half-pay, named Hickman, who bore him several children. He took his seat in the Irish house of peers when about thirty years of age; and, subsequently, with some reluctance, accepted the earldom of Charlemont; annexing, however, to the patent of his creation, an apology to his successors, written by himself, for having consented to receive it at a

time when titles were obtained with such facility as to render the peerage almost disreputable. On account of the ardent zeal which he had evinced for the interests of his country, and the talent and energy he had displayed in vindicating the rights of the people, he was appointed, in 1779, commander-inchief of an association of volunteers, amounting to nearly eighty thousand men, whose imposing attitude tended materially to procure from the British legislature a repeal of the obnoxious statute of the sixth of George the First, by which it was declared, inter alia, that Ireland was bound by British acts of parliament, if named therein; and that the Irish house of lords had no jurisdiction in matters of appeal; the dernier ressort, in all cases, being to the peers of Great Britain. In 1783, he was installed a knight companion of the order of St. Patrick; and, in the following year, he risked, but did not lose, his great popularity, by opposing concession to the catholics. Early in 1786, he procured letters patent for the institution of The Royal Irish Academy, of which he became a zealous and efficient president. During the king's illness, in 1788, the Irish parliament, having passed a series of resolutions, declaratory of the heir-apparent's right to an unrestricted regency, Lord Charlemont, with five other peers and commoners, were delegated to present them to his royal highness. It appears, however, that the deputation did not reach London until the king had recovered; and "the glorious half-dozen," as its members were termed, consequently became the subjects of numerous caricatures and political squibs. In one of the latter, the earl was thus apostrophized:

Hear me, simpering Charlemont, With thy Machiavellian front, With thy opera lips and smile ;Israelite that knows no guile;Compound soft of softest cant, Faction's gentle figurant!

During the remainder of his life he took, comparatively, but little interest in public affairs; continuing, however, to be an active patron of the fine arts nearly up to the period of his death, which occurred on the 4th of August, 1799. He did not distinguish himself as a speaker, but, it is said, his numerous protests in

the journals of the Irish house of peers "are compositions of uncommon brilliancy and vigour." Although, by his munificence, as a promoter of art, and a collector of rare paintings, sculptures, articles of virtù, &c., his paternal fortune became greatly impaired, he never, it is said, attempted to obtain a pension or place of profit; nor did he, it is added, require any political subserviency from his borough nominees, among whom was the celebrated Grattan; permitting them, on the contrary, to give such votes as they deemed most beneficial to the interests of their country. Some observations which he had made during his travels appeared in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy; and a quarto volume of letters, principally from his lordship and Edmund Burke, to the Right Honourable Henry Flood, was published in 1820.

SAWBRIDGE, (GEORGE,) a native of Kent, was born about 1730. His paternal inheritance is said to have been

princely; and, in November, 1763, he obtained a dowry of £100,000 with his wife, a daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgman, Baronet. Within two months after his nuptials he became a widower; and subsequently married the second daughter of Sir William Stevenson, lordmayor of London. In 1768, he went into parliament, as member for Hythe; and, in the following year, was chosen one of the sheriffs of Middlesex, in which capacity, with his colleague, he returned Wilkes to parliament, five successive times, in defiance of the house of com. mons, and the threat of a bill of pains and penalties by government. During the same year, he was elected alderman for Langbourn ward; and, in 1776, obtained the mayoralty. At length, he was returned a member for the city of London, which he continued to represent during several parliaments, with great credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents; particularly distinguishing himself by his efforts to alleviate the burthens of the people; his hostility to the American war; and his strenuous exertions in favour of parliamentary reform. He is described as having been benevolent, hospitable, and accomplished; a frequent, and rather an able speaker; an excellent magistrate;

and, according to the Annual Register, a pattern of moral excellence. For a long period, he displayed great activity as commanding officer of the East Kent militia; but during the last ten years of his life, he was incapacitated by bodily afflictions, from attending to any of his public duties. He died on the 21st of February, 1795, leaving a widow and three children.

HILL, (Sir RICHARD, Baronet,) brother to the Rev. Rowland Hill, and uncle to the gallant Lord Hill, was born at Hawkstone, Salop, in 1733. After having taken the degrees of B. A. and M. A. at Magdalen college, Oxford, he went abroad with Earl Elgin. On his return, he became intimately acquainted with several Calvinistic divines in the established church, and displayed great zeal in supporting their opinions. He represented the county of Salop in parliament, from 1780 until within about a year of his death, which took place in the month of November, 1808. His conduct in the house of commons, as in private life, was eccentric, but apparently conscientious. In general, he voted with ministers, but on many occasions divided against them, particularly during the American war. Of the motions in favour of parliamentary reform, brought forward by Pitt, Sawbridge, and Grey, he most cordially approved; and, at a late period of the contest, urged a speedy termination of hostilities with revolutionized France, the commencement of which he appears to have as warmly recommended. During the celebrated debates on the India bill, he censured the frequent appearance of the Prince of Wales in the house of commons, "lest his gesticulation or behaviour might operate as a means of influence." In 1800, he supported a motion for leave to bring in a bill for the suppression of bull-baiting; and when Mr. Dent subsequently brought forward a similar measure, "he stood forth," as he said, "in the character of an advocate, on behalf of a race of poor friendless beings, who could not speak for themselves." He is stated, by an eloquent cotemporary, to have been more troublesome to his friends than to his enemies, on account of his propensity to the indecorous use of Scriptural phrases. Of this, the following instance is

given:-During the memorable struggle between Pitt and the coalesced opposition, headed by Fox, in allusion to the powerful influence of the former at court, and of the latter in the house of commons, he spoke of "the honest Israelite, Mordecai, repairing to the palace, and averting the danger which threatened the people, from Haman's ambition." This comparison of Pitt to the "Israelite Mordecai," although evidently intended as a high compliment, was received by the youthful premier without a smile; his being, perhaps, the only countenance in the house that did not wear one. In the Rolliad, the subject of our notice was most severely satirized for his union of low jokes with quotations from the sacred writings, on which account he was termed, in that production, The Scriptural Killigrew. În private life he bore an irreproachable character. His charities were extensive, and, as one of his biographers states, "administered with tenderness and secresy." published several pamphlets in defence of Calvinism, against Bishop Madan, Archdeacon Daubeny, Wesley, Fletcher, and others; and frequently preached among the dissenters, for whom he erected a chapel, near his residence at Hawkestone. He died unmarried.

He

DUIGENAN, (PATRICK,) descended from a Roman catholic family, was born in Ireland, in 1735, and educated at Trinity college, Dublin, where he obtained first a scholarship, and then a fellowship. When Hutchinson became provost, he wrote a poem, entitled Lachrymæ Academicæ, on the then deplorable state of the college, from which he soon after retired; but still continued to reflect on the provost, whom, under the appellation of Prancer, he severely ridiculed, for endeavouring to introduce gymnastics as a branch of academical education, in a series of pieces, that were afterwards collected into a volume, styled Pranceriana. At length he received a challenge from one of the students, for his abuse of Hutchinson; which, after some subterfuge, he accepted; but, at the place of meeting, terrified his adversary into a compromise, by appearing armed with a blunderbuss. He was called to the Irish bar, in 1767, and eventually obtained a

silk gown. He was also a member of the Irish parliament, in which he was the first proposer of the union. In the imperial parliament, he represented Armagh, and opposed the catholic claims with such violence as to render his hostility harmless. After describing him as being brief and sturdy in his person, limited and tenacious in his thinking, antique in his manners and opinions, a friend to emancipation observes, "with all his eccentricities, I never see him rise without pleasure, because I consider him as being, though, no doubt, unconsciously, one of the best friends whom the catholics can boast." He wrote several political pamphlets; and, in one of them, reflected severely on a Mr. Lattin, who brought an action against the publisher, and obtained a verdict for £500 damages. Although twice married, he left no issue. At the time of his death, which happened on the 11th of April, 1816, he was an Irish privy-counsellor; vicar-general of the metropolitan court of Armagh, of the dioceses of Meath and Elphin, and of the Consistorial court of Dublin; judge of the Prerogative court; king's advocate-general of the high court of Admiralty; professor of civil law in the unversity of Dublin, and L.L.D.

LENNOX, (CHARLES, Duke of Richmond,) was born on the 22nd of February, 1734-5, and succeeded to his father's titles and estates at the age of sixteen. Shortly afterwards, he entered the army; and, after having served, with considerable credit, in several descents on the French coast, and particularly in the expedition against St. Cas, he was sent to Germany, where he so highly distinguished himself at the battle of Minden, as to obtain the special approbation of the commander-in-chief. On taking his seat in the house of peers, in 1756, during which year he obtained the colonelcy of the thirty-third foot, he associated himself with the Whigs. In 1758, he became colonel of the seventy-second; and subsequently rose, through the intermediate gradations, to the rank of field-marshal. On the accession of George the Third, he was appointed a lord of the bed-chamber; but his dismissal speedily followed, on account, it is said, of his having boldly expostulated, in the royal closet,

against the king's marked attention to his sister, the beautiful Lady Sarah Lennox. To the administration of Lord Bute, and to that of his successor, George Grenville, the duke was an active opponent; and when the Whigs went into office, under Lord Rockingham, he was rewarded, for his exertions in support of his party, by being appointed lord-lieutenant of the county of Sussex, and ambassador to the court of France. He was, however, shortly afterwards recalled; but soon obtained the seals of secretary of state for the southern department; which he resigned, on the downfal of the Rockingham administration, and became a powerful opponent to the two succeeding cabinets, particularly to that of Lord North, the whole of whose measures relative to the colonies, he visited with unqualified censure. His zeal against government, on the subject of the American war, induced him to oppose, with great vehemence, the admission of Lord George Germaine to the house of lords, when created Viscount Sackville, and nearly involved him in a duel with Lord Rawdon. On his party being again called to office, he was made a knight of the Garter, and procured the master-generalship of the ordnance, which he retained until expelled, with such others of the Rockingham party, as had clung to office, under Lord Shelburne, after the death of their leader, by Fox and Lord North; on whose dismissal, a few months afterwards, the duke resumed

his former post. About this period, he brought forward a plan for parliamentary reform, which was rejected by a large majority. Undismayed by defeat, he redoubled his exertions, "to obtain a renovation of the rights of the people, by means of annual parliaments and universal suffrage ;" and, for some time, presided over the Constitutional Society, established, as it is stated, under his auspices, for the purpose of effecting the restoration of a genuine house of commons. master-general of the ordnance, he rendered himself conspicuous by his project for defending the coast, which exposed him to considerable ridicule; and some blame was attached to him on account of the Duke of York's army, in Flanders, being improperly

As

supplied with ammunition. In 1795, he resigned his office; and, during the same year, obtained the command of the horse-guards blue. At the time of his death, which took place on the 27th of December, 1806, he held, in addition to his military rank and lordlieutenantcy, the high stewardship of Chichester, and was a fellow of the Royal Society. His wife, Mary, a daughter of the Earl of Aylesbury, died, without issue, in 1796. To Miss Le Clerc, her protegée, he left £2,000 per annum; to his housekeeper, Mrs. Bennett, his estate at Earl's Court, Kensington; and £10,000 to each of her three illegitimate children. abilities were above mediocrity, his acquirements extensive, and his motives apparently patriotic. He was a patron of literature and the fine arts, an indulgent master, an affectionate relative, and a steadfast friend. His disposition is said to have been benignant, and his deportment elegant and condescending.

His

ROCHE, (Sir BOYLE, Baronet,) was born in Ireland about 1736. At an early age he entered the army, which, however, he abandoned in disgust, after having highly distinguished himself at the capture of Havannah; and, obtaining a seat in the Irish parliament, became so strenuous a supporter of government, that, in 1782, he was made a baronet; and, subsequently, master of the ceremonies at Dublin castle. He was married to Mary, eldest daughter of Admiral Sir Thomas Franklin; but died without issue, on the 5th of June, 1806. No man of his day, it is said, enjoyed more esteem, on account of his perfect urbanity, and amiable qualities in private life, or excited so much laughter by the oddities of which he was unconsciously guilty in parliament. Of these, the following are specimens: -He said, one night, during a stormy debate, that it was impossible for a man to be in two places at once, unless he was a bird or a fish!-An opposition member having moved, that, for the purpose of illustrating one of his arguments, an enormous mass of official documents should be read, Sir Boyle Roche, with the most profound and unaffected gravity, proposed that, as the clerk at the table would not be able to get through the papers before morning, a dozen or

One

two of the committee-clerks should be called in to his assistance. "The documents may be divided amongst them," continued Sir Boyle; "and as they can all read together, the whole will be disposed of in a quarter of an hour."His speeches, on important topics, were prepared for him by Mr. Edward Cooke; and, as his memory was particularly retentive, he seldom committed himself, except when he rose to utter an original remark. night, being unprepared with a speech, and yet feeling a strong inclination to deliver his sentiments, he retired to a coffee-house, in order to mould them into the form of an oration. While engaged in this fruitless attempt, he was accosted by Serjeant Stanley, a ministerial member, whose custom it was to rise, towards the close of a discussion, and deliver a long harangue, ingeniously compiled from the speeches of those who had addressed the house before him. For this debate, he was, however, in a situation to speak earlier than usual, having, with great labour, produced an original composition; prior to the delivery of which, he had stepped into the coffee-house, in order to refresh his memory by looking once more through the manuscript. This, unfortunately for himself, he happened to drop, on retiring: Sir Boyle snatched it up; and, after reading it twice or thrice, (so powerful was his memory,) found himself master of the whole. Hastening to the house, he resumed his seat, and delivered the speech with admirable correctness, to the unspeakable amazement and mortification of the proprietor, who, it appears, had not succeeded in catching the speaker's eye. Meeting Stanley again at the coffee-house, in the course of the night, Sir Boyle returned him his manuscript, with many thanks for what he was pleased to term the loan of it; adding,

"I never was so much at a loss for a speech in my life, nor ever met with one so pat to my purpose; and since it is not a pin the worse for wear, you may go in and speak it again yourself, as soon as you please."

COURTENAY, (JOHN,) a native of Ireland, and the nephew of Lord Bute, was born in 1741; and, having entered the army, had risen to the rank of