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March 24, 1817. At Edinburgh, John to the late Admiral Sir R. Kingsmill, Bart. Prentice, only son of Richard Prentice, Esq.-9. At Longtown, James Walker, Esq. solicitor at law.

April 3. At Madeira, Miss Elizabeth Esther, eldest surviving daughter of the late Sir Alexander Macdonald Lockhart, Bart.-25. On board the Europe Indiaman, on his passage from India, Major William Hedderwick, of the 24th regiment of Foot. -28. At Rozelie, Lady Hamilton Cathcart of Bourtreehill and Rozelie, aged 77 years, relict of the late Sir John Cathcart of Cathcart.

May 1. At Croxton Park, the lady of Sir George Leeds, Bart.-At Clifton, Right Hon. Lady Edward O'Brien, daughter of the late Paul Cobb Methuen, Esq. of Corsham House. At Aston Hall, Lady Mary Foljambe, sister to the Earl of Scarborough, and relict of the late Francis Ferrand Foljambe, Esq. of Osberton Hall, Wilts.-2. Alex.Campbell, Esq. of Hallyards, merchant, Glasgow. At London, Dav. Caddell, Esq. of Salisbury Square.-At Paris, M. de Urquijo, prime minister of Spain under Charles IV. and during the government of Joseph. At London, George Drummond, Esq. only son of Mrs Drummond of Upper Gower Street, London.-3. At Bath, William Thomson, Esq. of Jamaica, in his 70th year. John Macgill, Esq. of Kemback.-Drowned while angling in Pishiobury Park, Rev. John Lane, vicar of Sawbridgeworth, Herts. The body, after some hours' search, was found with the fishing-rod in his hand. 4. At Dunfermline, James Douglas, Esq. —At London, aged 79, James Butler, Esq. late of the province of Georgia, North America, an American loyalist.-At Poulton House, near Marlborough, in his 86th year, Lieut.-Colonel Baskerville; who, after serv. ing with distinguished reputation in the 30th regiment, under the Marquis of Granby, in Germany, and afterwards in Ireland and the West Indies, retired to Wiltshire, where for upwards of thirty years he fulfilled the duty of an upright and most impartial magistrate. Lieut.-Colonel Baskerville was descended from one of the most ancient families in Wiltshire, who have been resident there ever since the time of William the Conqueror.--5. In. Grosvenor Row, Chelsea, Philip Dixon, Esq. of Strombollo Cottage.-6. At Killenure House, near Athlone, the lady of Major Alex. Murray, Cringletie. At the Deanery House, Dublin, Rev. J.W. Keating, Dean of St Patrick's. -7. At Dunglass, Helen, eldest daughter of Sir James Hall of Dunglass, Bart.At Cowhill, Mrs Margaret Johnston, wife of George Johnston, Esq. of Cowhill.-8. At London, of a consumption, in the 25th year of her age, Susan Boone, only daughter of John Deas Thomson, Esq. one of the Commissioners of his Majesty's navy.-At Stirling, James Duthie, Esq. some time of the island of Jamaica.-At Clarence Cottage, Ruthwell, Joseph Richardson, Esq. in the 82d year of his age.-At London, in his 85th year, Major A. H. Brice, brother

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principal clerk of session.-10. At Gargrave, near Skipton, aged 67, Mrs Parker, relict of John Parker, Esq. of Browsholme Hall, and sister of Lord Ribblesdale.-11. At Bristol, Jarvis Holland, Esq. son of Peter Holland, Esq. of that city, merchant.-13. In Duke Street, St James's, London, aged 74, Mr James Daubigny, wine merchant in ordinary to the Prince Regent.-14. At Edinburgh, Mr Henry Biggar, advocate.At Turin, where she had gone for the recovery of her health, Mrs Allan, wife of Thomas Allan, Esq. banker in Edinburgh.

At Glasgow, Mrs Balfour, wife of the Rev. Robert Balfour, D. D. one of the ministers of Glasgow.-16. At Buckland, near Gosport, aged 106 years, Charles F. Gordon, Esq. late surgeon of the royal hospital, Haslar. 17. At Kendal, Barbara, relict of Thomas Lake, Esq. of Liverpool, and youngest daughter of the late Fletcher Fleming, Esq. of Ragrigg, Westmoreland.19. At Ostend, Mrs Macdonald, wife of Col. Macdonald, commandant of that fortress.-21. At Glasgow, James Dunlop, jun. Esq.-24. At Acrehill, Margaret Bannatyne, wife of Daniel M'Kenzie, Esq. merchant, Glasgow.-25. At Edinburgh, Miss Watson of Tower.-27. At his seat, at Great Melton, Norfolk, Sir John Lombe, Bart. aged 86.-28. At Bath, the Rev. Philip Yorke, youngest son of the Hon. and Right Rev. Dr Yorke, late Bishop of Ely. -29. At Edinburgh, Lawrence Craigie, Esq. advocate.-30. At Enfield, William Saunders, M. D. late of Russell Square, London, aged 74.-Lately, at Inverness, after a short illness, at an advanced age, R. Macdonald, Esq. This gentleman, who was a cadet of the Keppoch family, was a subaltern in Keppoch's regiment in the year 1745, and was present at the battles of Preston, Falkirk, and Culloden. At Culloden he was made prisoner; but, owing to his youth, he was allowed to transport himself to Jamaica, where he commenced planter. Having by his industry acquired an independent fortune, he returned to his native country, where he settled. Mr Macdonald was one of the young gentlemen who, with drawn swords, attended Andrew Cochrane, provost of Glasgow, in proclaiming the Pretender by the name of King James VIII. and III-Lately, at Exeter, Mrs Penrose Cumming, widow of Alex. Penrose Cumming, Esq. and mother of the late Sir A. P. Cumming Gordon, Bart. of Altyre and Gordonstoune. Lately, at Cas sel, three old men, who for a series of years had passed their evenings together in playing at cards, died on the same day. They were, General de Gohr, aged 86; the Counsellor of Legation d'Engelbronner, aged 89; and the Count Gartener, Schwar-eskupt, aged 83. A fourth friend, M. Voelkel, died within a year; and a fifth, the Privy Counsellor Schminke, aged 86, had preceded them by some months.

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Remarks on Greek Tragedy, No. III. (Septem adversus Thebas ESCHYLI -EURIPIDIS Phænissa.) 352 Account of the Carr Rock Stone Beacon 358 Sketches of Foreign Scenery and Manners, No II.. Observations on the Remarks of A. M.

359

on the Doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim;-in defence of Dr Spurzheim 365 Story of Aristus and Deinus.367 On the Researches at Pompeii...............372 Memorandums of a View-Hunter, No II. 373 Account of Johnson's Musical Museum 377 On the Use of the Common Thermome

ter as a Hygrometer........ Fragment of a Literary Romance...........382 Account of the Method adopted at Geneva for supplying the Poor with Nutritive Soups from Bones, in a Letter from Professor Pictet to Dr Brewster 387 Marlow's Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr Faustus....... Remarks on the Diseases lately prevalent in Edinburgh.

ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY. Memorial, addressed to his Majesty George I. concerning the state of the Highlands; by Simon, Lord Lovat, 1724

388

394

[VOL. I.

ORIGINAL POETRY.

The Captive Lark.

404

Sonnet I. On seeing the Grave of an unfortunate Girl, whom the Author had known in the days of her innocence... ib. Sonnet II. To the Same ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ̈ ib.

Stanzas

Song.

Song. From the German405 The Lesson. From Klopstock............................... ib. REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. The Speech of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. in the House of Commons, Feb. 13, 1817, &C.

406 The Life of William Hutton, F. A.S.S. 413 Comparative View of the British and

American Constitutions, &c.414 The Bower of Spring, with other Poems 415 Eccentricities for Edinburgh; by George Colman the Younger.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC

INTELLIGENCE...

417

418

WORKS PREPARING for PUBLICATION423 MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS

MONTHLY REGISTER.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE...
BRITISH CHRONICLE

4.28

435

British Legislation.

439

Patents lately enrolled

440

Public Accounts

441

Promotions and Appointments.

442

Commercial Report...

444

Agricultural Report

447

Meteorological Report

448

397

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.450

EDINBURGH:

PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH; AND BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY,

PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON;

To whom Communications (post paid) may be addressed;

SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

[Oliver & Boyd, Printers.]

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS, &c.

THE admirable Observations by "Senex," on Mr Kemble's Essay on the Characters of Macbeth and Richard III. will appear in our next Number.

The communication On the Exportation of Cotton Yarn,-Some Account of Billy Marshall, a Galloway Gypsey;-and the Reviews of Stewart's Natural History,-Moore's Sacred Songs, and Modern Greece, a poem ;-are intended for insertion in No V.

The articles on Spurzheim's Theory,-Bain's Variation of the Compass,New Method of discovering the Longitude,-Accounts of Dunblane Mineral Spring, and of Leamington Spa,-Comparison between Athens and Edinburgh,-Some particulars respecting the Originals of the Black Dwarf, and Edie Ochiltree,-Several additional Notices about Scottish Gypsies,and a great variety of Poetical Pieces,-have been received, and will be carefully attended to.

We have received, from an anonymous Correspondent, the copy (as he assures us) of "an unpublished Letter of Robert Burns."-It contains nothing of much interest; but we shall be happy to insert it upon being furnished with the original, or unquestionable evidence of its authenticity.

Some unlooked for interruptions have rendered it impossible to present our readers with the conclusion of the Review of Lalla Rookh in the present Number, but it will not fail to appear next month.

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Erratum, p. 411, Note at the bottom, for a fixation of capital,' read an unproductive fixation of capital." This was altogether a slip of the pen. We could never talk of capital without knowing that its mere fixation was not hurtful; capital is fixed in docks, warehouses, &c. and there reproduces itself.

No V. will be published in Edinburgh on the 20th of August, and in London on the 1st of September.

The Second Edition of No I. will be published in a few days.

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CURSORY REMARKS ON MUSIC, ESPE-
CIALLY ON THE SOURCES OF THE
PLEASURE WHICH IT COMMUNI-
*
CATES.

THE pleasures which are interwoven with the constitution of our nature, and which, under proper regulation, become important sources of our happiness, may be divided into three classes-1stly, Those which arise from the gratification of the bodily senses; 2dly, Those of which the exercise of the imagination is the chief, if not the only quality;-and lastly, Those of a mixed nature, in which the intellectual faculties are excited into agreeable action by impressions made on the animal senses. The first class cannot require, and indeed do not admit of, illustration. All that can be affirmed respecting them is, that certain objects in the surrounding world are adapted to excite pleasurable sensations with sufficient universality to entitle them to be called naturally agreeable. We are gratified by certain tastes and smells, and can give no explanation of the cause of our enjoyment. It is of a kind which lasts no longer than the impression itself, and terminates with the removal of its object. But the higher classes of our pleasures, being renewable by voluntary efforts of the mind, and depending on the exercise of its various faculties (of perception, of association, of judgment, of imagination), become fit objects of that branch of science, the dignity and im

Read to a Literary and Philosophical Society, in the country.

[VOL. I.

portance of which are commensurate with those of our intellectual and moral powers and habits.

In

The inquiry, respecting which I have no higher purpose than that of offering a few hints to serve as the basis of an evening's conversation, regards a class of pleasures, which all civilized nations, in all ages, have thought worthy of cultivation. those records of remotest history, the sacred writings, we find repeated mention of the cornet, the trumpet, the psalter, the cymbal, and the harp, and always in connexion with their power of exciting pleasant trains of feeling, or of contributing to some moral effect. Among the Greeks, music was practised by those who had attained the highest distinction as warriors or philosophers, and was thought not unworthy the countenance and encouragement of one of the wisest and least voluptuous of ancient legislators.* The Hindûs, also, the high antiquity of whose records appears to be established by sufficient evidence, have possessed, from the earliest period to which their history extends, a music, confined indeed to thirty-six melodies. In modern times, none, I believe, but absolutely barbarous nations, are entirely destitute of music. Among the North American Indians, we are informed by Mr Weld, that nothing resembling poetry or music is to be found; but among the more gentle and civilized inhabitants of some of the Society islands, a sort of music (rude, it must be confessed, and little calculated to please an European ear) was

* Lycurgus.

ascertained by Captain Cook to be the accompaniment of dancing, which, for the grace of its movements, would not have discredited an Italian opera. Pleasures, so universally felt as those of music, may be inferred to have their foundation in some quality common to human nature, and independent of local or temporary circumstances. It may be inquired, whether this pleasure is to be referred merely to the gratification of the ear as an organ of sense, or whether it is not entitled to the higher rank of an intellectual enjoyment?

In the discussion of this question, it must be acknowledged at the outset, that a structure of the ear, distinct from that which adapts it to the quick perception of ordinary sounds, probably exists in those individuals who are distinguished by an aptitude to derive pleasure from music. The observation of children, in early infancy, affords sufficient evidence of the partial endowment of what has been called a musical ear. Among children of the same family, it is common to meet with the most striking differences in the power of catching and repeating tunes-differences which bear no proportion to the degree of sensibility, as indicated by other circumstances. Nothing is more usual also, than to find persons, who, in the course of a long life, have never been able to acquire a relish for music, though frequently thrown into situations where to hear it became matter of necessity. And this defect is observed, not in the dull and insensible only, but in persons alive to all that is excellent in poetry, in painting, and in other polite arts. Pope, who has perhaps never been surpassed in the melody of versification, is recorded by Dr Johnson to have been incapable of receiving pleasure from music. And it is still more remarkable, that the exquisite art of modulating the voice, which enables it to express all those delicate shades of emotion and passion, that so powerfully affect us in the eloquence of the stage, the bar, and the senate, has been practised by individuals insensible even to the charms of a simple melody. Garrick was a striking instance of wonderful command over the tones of the voice in speaking, united, we are told, with the total deficiency of a musical ear. W

These defects of the ear can no

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more be explained, than we can account for the inability to discriminate particular colours, which has been ascertained to exist in certain individuals, or the insensibility to some odours, which has been observed in other persons. Admitting them to exist, they do not warrant the conclusion, that the pleasure derived from music consists solely in the gratification of the organ of hearing. A certain perfection of the physical structure of the eye is necessary to render it an inlet to those impressions from the surrounding world, which, when afterwards recalled by the mind, and variously combined, constitute the pleasures of imagination. But no one would contend, that the enjoyment derived from a contemplation of the charms of external nature, is a sensual pleasure, of which the eye alone is the seat and the instrument.

It appears, moreover, to be consistent with observation, that, even in the same individual, the capacity of being affected by musical sounds admits of considerable variety; and that it is modified, especially by the state of the nervous system, independently of the influence of those moral causes, which will be afterwards pointed out.* Dr Doddridge has related a remarkable instance of a lady, who had naturally neither ear nor voice for music, but who became capable of singing, when in a state of delirium, several fine tunes, to the admiration of all about her.t And I remember a young gentleman, addicted to somnambulism, and rather insensible than otherwise to pleasure from music, who has repeatedly found himself leaning from an open window during the night, and listening (as he imagined till awakened) to delightful music in the street.

Another fact, which may safely be assumed as the basis of our reasoning on this subject, is that there are certain sounds, which are naturally agreeable to all ears, and others which are naturally unpleasant, independently of all casual associations. The soft tones of a flute, the notes of certain

A friend, to whom this essay was shewn, pointed out to the author, a gentleman disloses, without any degree of deafness, whentinguished by a fine musical ear, which he

ever he is affected with a severe cold in the head.

+ Phil. Transact. for 1747.

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