Another subject which the Committee desires to bring to the attention of the Board relates to the use of appropriations made under one Division for work to be done under another Division. During the past few months the Committee has been confronted with a situation where the appropriation for emergencies and for the Division of Intercourse and Education have been entirely allotted and important work, which could not have been reasonably foreseen, still necessary to be undertaken in that Division. The Executive Committee, believing that this work should not be allowed to lapse on the ground of a lack of funds when there were large balances in the appropriations for the other two Divisions not likely to be required for allotment this year, decided to allot the funds necessary to carry out the mentioned projects from the unallotted balances of appropriations for the Division of Economics and History and the Division of International Law. Similar situations are likely to arise at any time and, in order that there may be no question as to the right of the Committee so to transfer funds from one appropriation to another, it is recommended that specific authority to do this be granted by the Board. A form of resolution to carry out this recommendation is included among the other resolutions submitted at the end of this report.

Division of Economics and History

The Division of Economics and History engages itself exclusively in work of a scientific character relating to the investigation and study of the causes of war and of the practical methods to prevent and avoid it. The calling of the conference of economists at Berne in the summer of 1911 to map out the work of this Division, the program adopted by the conference and the subsequent constitution of the participants of the conference into a Committee of Research to supervise and conduct the inquiries recommended have been reported in the previous reports of this Committee and of the Director of the Division.

As will appear from the reports for 1912, the Director of the Division and the Committee of Research chiefly concerned themselves during that year with the selection of competent collaborators to carry on the work of investigation. This work of selection was advanced to a degree which has made it possible for the present year to be devoted to the actual work of investigation and the preparation of the results thereof in manuscript form. The status of the investigations both as to works completed and as to works under contract is shown in the tables appended to the Director's report. The contracts under which this work is done are made subject to the approval of the Executive Committee, and it will be seen by referring to the minutes of the Committee that a part of its time at each meeting is devoted to the consideration of them.

The work of investigation has not only made considerable progress in Europe and the United States, but also in the Orient, and the Committee calls the partic

ular attention of the Board to the list of works in preparation in Japan enumerated in Appendix 3 to the Director's report. Studies in China, it will be noted, are also in progress.

The Committee regrets that it can not report equal progress upon the work of actual investigation in South America. A delay occurred in the beginning in the selection of a proper member of the Committee of Research to take charge of this particular field, and that question was finally solved by the selection of a distinguished American economist especially familiar in the Latin American field, as reported by the Committee last year. It is not practicable, however, to make definite arrangements for this kind of work except by a personal meeting with the men who are to do it. The visit of Mr. Bacon last fall offered an opportunity that the Executive Committee gladly availed of to lay the foundations for this personal intercourse between the Division of Economics and History and the economists of South America. He apprised these gentlemen of the contemplated visit of the member of the Committee of Research whose field embraces their countries, and they all expressed the deepest interest in the work and a willingness to coöperate in every way. The personal arrangements of this member of the committee have prevented him so far from embarking upon this important mission, but it is the earnest hope and expectation of the Director and of the Committee that the trip will be made at as early a date as is convenient and practicable. A similar trip to Central America is also planned by the Director.

In the report of the Committee for last year it was stated that a second conference of the members of the Committee of Research at Berne, which was originally planned to take place in 1913, had been postponed until further progress had been made in the work. After reviewing the work of the present year and ascertaining the views of the members of the Committee of Research, the Director is of the opinion that another conference is now needed. Sufficient progress in the work of the first conference is believed to have been made to justify this second conference, which will not only select additional subjects within the program outlined at the first conference, but formulate a supplemental program which it is believed will be advantageous and necessary to the proper prosecution of the inquiries of the Division. A sum has been approved by the Executive Committee and included in the requirements for appropriation for the ensuing fiscal year to cover the expense of such a conference.

The completion of the inquiries and the turning over to the Endowment of the manuscripts showing the results thereof now make it necessary to provide for the printing and in many cases the translation of these works in order that they may be within the reach of the interested public, which is the ultimate purpose had in view in initiating the inquiries. The expenses on this account are likely to be large for the next year or two, but these outlays may no doubt be regarded as one of the most effective uses of the Endowment's funds.

The other items proposed by the Committee for appropriation for this Divi

sion are for the ordinary expenditures necessary for the conduct of its work. A recommendation that the balances of the sums allotted under contracts already concluded, which will revert to the treasury on June 30, 1914, be reappropriated to provide for the completion of these contracts has also been approved by the Committee.

Division of International Law

The Division of International Law carries on work which is also primarily of a scientific nature. As explained in the previous report of the Executive Committee, its duties relate to the development of international law, the establishment of a better understanding of international rights and duties, and the adoption of peaceable methods in the settlement of international disputes. A great many projects have been started and are being carried to completion by the Director of the Division for the purpose of promoting those aims. The Director's report contains a full statement of these projects, and the progress which is being made upon each. The Executive Committee would, however, point out particularly the developments which have taken place during the preceding year in certain of the more important ones.

The report of the Director for last year (Year Book for 1912, pages 99–104) referred to the relation which has been established between the Institute of International Law and the Division, by the acceptance by the Institute of the position of General Adviser to the Division, and the creation of a Consultative Committee to act for the Institute in this respect. At the session of the Institute held at Oxford in the summer of 1913, a réglement was adopted prescribing the functions and procedure of the Consultative Committee in its intercourse with the Division of International Law. The text of this réglement is printed in the report of the Director. The final step necessary to cement the relationship between the Institute and the Endowment, through its Division of International Law, has, therefore, been taken, and the Institute, through its Consultative Committee, is now the duly constituted and authorized adviser of the Endowment in matters coming within the scope of the Division of International Law. Its Consultative Committee has already entered upon the performance of its duties, and has given valuable advice upon a number of projects, as will appear from the report of the Director.

The proposed Academy of International Law at The Hague was also the subject of detailed comment in the report of the Director for last year. At that time the Executive Committee approved the plan in principle, but did not feel that it could properly allot the money which was appropriated by the Board at its meeting on December 14, 1911, until it had been assured that the establishment of the Academy was regarded as desirable and useful by the publicists of the principal countries of the world, and that a proper student body could be obtained. During the present year both of these requirements have been met to the satis

faction of the Committee, as will appear from the Director's report. It should be stated that the establishment of this Academy has received the approval, not only of the Consultative Committee of the Institute of International Law, but also the practically unanimous approval of the full membership of the Institute at its Oxford session. At a joint meeting of the Consultative Committee of the Institute and the committee in charge of the arrangements for the Academy, at which the Director of the Division was present, the details of the organization of the Academy were worked out, and it is expected to be opened in September of this year. The Committee has accordingly allotted the money previously appropriated by the Board. It is not expected that the full amount will be used by the 30th of June, 1914, on which date the unused balance will revert to the treasury. The Committee, therefore, recommends to the Board that this unused balance be reappropriated and that a further appropriation be made for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915.

At the meeting of the Board on April 18, 1913, the opinion was expressed that it was desirable to call to the attention of the Secretary of State the advisability of taking the necessary preliminary steps for bringing about a Third Hague Conference in accordance with the recommendations of the Second Conference. At an opportune time the President of the Board mentioned the subject in a written communication to the Secretary of State, a copy of which is appended to the Director's report, and in the early part of the present year the Secretary of State addressed a circular letter of instructions to the diplomatic officers of the United States accredited to the governments which took part in the Second International Peace Conference at The Hague, calling their attention to the provisions of the Final Act of the Second Conference concerning a Third Conference, and suggesting that to the Administrative Council of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which is composed of the diplomatic representatives accredited to The Hague and the Netherland Minister of Foreign Affairs, be delegated the duties of the international preparatory committee referred to in the recommendation of the Second Conference. This instruction is a first but very important step looking toward the holding of the Third Conference, and the Endowment is to be congratulated that its efforts to keep this matter before the responsible authorities, however insignificant the influence of these efforts may have been in bringing about the action, may at least be regarded as a contributing cause. In the meantime, the Committee has instructed the Director of the Division of International Law to prepare a full report upon the subject of the Third Hague Conference, so that the Trustees and the Committee may have information ready at hand for use in case any further action upon their part may seem advisable.

The Board at its meeting on November 14, 1913, referred to the Executive Committee, with power, the report and recommendations of the Director of the Division of International Law on the subject of education in the field of arbitration and international law and history as connected with arbitration, made in

response to the resolution of the Board of December 14, 1911. The scope of these recommendations is summarized in the report of the Director printed in the Year Book for 1912 at pages 128-130. The Committee has approved the recommendation for a conference of the professors of international law in the leading educational institutions of the United States to be held in connection with the next annual meeting of the American Society of International Law, and the Society has consented to place the subject upon the program of that meeting. Arrangements are now being made to secure the attendance of the professors of international law, and the Committee has allotted the sum appropriated by the Board to defray the cost of the conference. The conference will not be held until after the meeting of the Board, and a report on the results thereof will therefore necessarily be deferred until the next report of the Director of the Division and of this Committee.

At the same meeting a resolution was adopted by the Board directing that the report of the Division of International Law upon the Neutrality Laws of the United States, prepared under the resolution of the Trustees of December 14, 1911, be published and sent to such persons and authorities as may seem proper and desirable, for their suggestions and criticisms. The Committee has allotted the necessary funds and the Division of International Law is now engaged in carrying out the direction. The results obtained will probably be the subject of later action of the Committee and of report to the Board. A summary of the report is also contained in the report of the Director printed in the Year Book for 1912, pages 130–131.

A number of projects, some in continuation of last year's work, and others new, the details of which are given in the Director's report, coming within the following recommendations of the Consultative Committee, have been approved by the Executive Committee and appropriations recommended for carrying them out:

To compile and publish a collection of the provisions of the treaties of all countries of the world containing international agreement upon matters which, if universally assented to, would constitute international law;

The collection and publication in a uniform series, and in several languages, of the judicial decisions of national courts interpreting and applying the principles of international law;

The exchange of professors of international law and diplomacy between various countries;

The translation, reprinting and dissemination, at a nominal price, of the best works on international law, and especially of works written in languages which reach but a limited circle of readers;

To give encouragement and assistance to magazines and periodicals to devote themselves to the development of international law and to the cause of international justice;