Acting Director of the Division of Intercourse and Education.1 It was the opinion of the Executive Committee that the statement should receive the widest possible notice. Arrangements were made by the Secretary's office with the various press associations to have it appear simultaneously in the daily newspapers all over the United States. A copy was sent to each Senator and Representative in Congress at his home address, and the Secretary arranged for the printing and distribution of approximately 1,210,000 copies, which were sent to selected lists of individuals and organizations throughout the United States. The tenor of a great many of the letters received by the Secretary in response to this statement indicates that it created a widespread opinion in favor of the position assumed by the Trustees who signed it, and it is believed that its distribution has contributed something toward accomplishing the result desired by them. MR. ROOT'S SPEECH It is not necessary for the Secretary to call attention to the forcible and convincing speech delivered in the United States Senate on January 21, 1913, by Senator Root, on the subject of the exemption of American coastwise vessels from the payment of tolls on the Panama Canal. This speech was such a clear statement of the discussion between the parties to the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, such a strong appeal to Congress for the maintenance of our treaty obligations, and so much in accord with the position assumed by some of the members of the Board of Trustees in the statement which they issued on the same question, that the Executive Committee directed the Secretary to provide also for a widespread distribution of the speech. The Secretary arranged for the printing and distribution of approximately 700,000 copies of Senator Root's speech, which were also sent to selected lists of persons and organizations throughout the United States. The total cost of the foregoing propaganda on the Panama toll question, including the cost of printing, postage and mailing, was $23,546.38. Mr. Bacon's Visit to Latin America When the Executive Committee decided definitely that Mr. Robert Bacon should proceed upon his recent visit to South America, as part of the general plan of the Endowment for international visits of representative men, it was found that the arrangements for the visit could more readily be made at Washington than at New York, and the duty of making the necessary arrangements was assigned to the Secretary's office instead of to the Division of Intercourse and Education, under the work of which the visit properly falls. The Secretary, accordingly, proceeded forthwith, after the meeting of the Executive Committee of June 28, 1913, at which final action upon the plan was taken, to make arrangements for the transportation of Mr. Bacon and his party, for his reception and entertainment in the different places which he was to visit, and to supply Mr. 1 Printed herein, page 79. Bacon with the necessary information as to what the Endowment would like him to say and do in South America. The preparation of the itinerary by steamship and railroad was beset with difficulties, because of the lack of accessible information as to transportation facilities in South America. An itinerary was eventually prepared, and was carried out by Mr. Bacon, with the exception of two capitals, which he found it impracticable to visit in the time at his disposal. Full information concerning the visit of Mr. Bacon and its purpose was communicated to the diplomatic representatives of the United States at the different South American capitals and to the diplomatic representatives at Washington of the countries included in the visit. These officials were asked to aid in making Mr. Bacon's visit a success and especially to assist him to meet the officials of governments, the scientific and professional men, and those persons in particular who believe in the settlement of international disputes by reason rather than by force. Another series of letters was written to distinguished Latin Americans asking their coöperation in arranging for Mr. Bacon's reception and visit. A hearty response was received to all of these letters, and, as the result, Mr. Bacon received everywhere most cordial coöperation and helpful assistance. It seems not improper that the Secretary should here express, on behalf of the Endowment, its deep sense of gratitude for and thorough appreciation of the efforts of these gentlemen in behalf of Mr. Bacon and of the mission. which he did the Endowment the honor to accept. There were also prepared in the Secretary's office a number of monographs, with documents appended, describing the Endowment and its various activities in the three Divisions. These monographs accompanied and were intended to elaborate the points briefly mentioned in the formal instructions to Mr. Bacon, prepared by the President of the Board, which are printed below. There were also prepared a number of memoranda dealing briefly with certain subjects of especial interest in South America. All of this material was collected and printed in a pamphlet of 180 pages, for the convenient use of Mr. Bacon. The pamphlet has been distributed to the Trustees of the Endowment for their confidential information. The gratifying results of the mission are treated in full in the report of the Acting Director of the Division of Intercourse and Education. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD TO MR. ROBERT BACON WASHINGTON, D. C., July 20, 1913. SIR: is to be devoted by them to the promotion of international peace. The trustees, upon consideration of the way in which they should seek the end for which the trust was established, formulated the following statement of specific objects to which the income of the trust should be devoted. (a) To promote a thorough and scientific investigation and study of the causes of war and of the practical methods to prevent and avoid it. (b) To aid in the development of international law, and a general agreement on the rules thereof, and the acceptance of the same among nations. (c) To diffuse information, and to educate public opinion regarding the causes, nature, and effects of war, and means for its prevention and avoidance. (d) To establish a better understanding of international rights and duties and a more perfect sense of international justice among the inhabitants of civilized countries. (e) To cultivate friendly feelings between the inhabitants of different countries and to increase the knowledge and understanding of each other by the several nations. (f) To promote a general acceptance of peaceable methods in the settlement of international disputes. (g) To maintain, promote, and assist such establishments, organizations, associations, and agencies as shall be deemed necessary or useful in the accomplishment of the purposes of the corporation, or any of them. To accomplish these objects the work of the trust has been organized in three divisions: (1) The Division of Intercourse and Education, of which Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University, is Acting Director; (2) The Division of Economics and History, of which Dr. John Bates Clark is Director; (3) the Division of International Law, of which the Secretary of the Endowment, Dr. James Brown Scott, is Director. The various objects above enumerated have been appropriately assigned to these three Divisions. The methods and details of activity on the part of each of the Divisions you will find indicated in a series of monographs, which will be handed to you herewith. From these you will perceive two things: first, that it is the purpose of the trustees not that the trust organization shall become itself a missionary seeking to preach the gospel of peace or directly to express its own ideas to the world, but rather to promote and advance in each country and in all countries the organization and activity of national forces in favor of peace. It is not so much to add a new peace organization to those already existing in the world as it is to be a means of giving renewed vigor to all the activities which really tend in a practical way towards preventing war and making peace more secure. Second, that in aid of the work of each of these three Divisions an extensive and effective organization has been perfected in Europe as well as in America, including a great number of the most eminent and highly respected statesmen, publicists, and leaders of modern thought. The respect and friendship which the trustees of the Endowment entertain for the peoples of Latin America and for the many distinguished Latin Americans with whom many of the Trustees have most agreeable relations of personal friendship lead us to desire that the work of the Endowment may have the same active and useful coöperation in South America that it has already secured in Europe. For this purpose we should be glad to have you make to the gentlemen whom you meet in the South American capitals, a full and thorough explanation of the history and purposes and methods of the Endowment. You will observe that one of the means by which the Division of Intercourse and Education proposes to advance international good understanding is a series of international visits of representative men. Accordingly, under the auspices of the Division, directly or indirectly, Baron d'Estournelles de Constant of France, the Baroness von Suttner of Austria, and Professor Nitobe of Japan have already visited the United States, and President Eliot of Harvard University has visited India, China, and Japan, and Dr. Hamilton Wright Mabie is now in Japan. Your visit to South America comes in this category, but it has a more definite and specific purpose than any of the other visits which I have enumerated or which are contemplated under the head that I have mentioned, for it is not merely to strengthen good understanding by personal intercourse between a representative North American and representative South Americans, but it is also to introduce to representative South Americans personally the work 1Omitted from this publication. and purposes and ideals of the Endowment, and to invite our friends in South America to cordial and sympathetic union with us in promoting the great work of the trust. It is not expedient or desirable in advance of your visit to be too specific regarding the scope and method of coöperation which may be possible with our South American friends, but you will readily observe in the monographs handed to you a number of ways in which such coöperation may be accomplished with but little delay. For example: (a) the formation of national societies of international law to be affiliated with the American Institute of International Law; (b) the presentation to the different governments of the opportunity to participate in the proposed Academy of International Law at The Hague by providing for the sending on the part of each government of a representative student to that academy, if organized. You will notice that the organization of such an academy to bring together students from the whole world under the leaders of thought in international law each summer depends very largely upon the question whether the governments of the world feel the need of such an institution sufficiently to give it their formal support by sending a representative student. (c) The appointment of national committees for the consideration of contributions to the program of the next Hague Conference and making arrangements for the intercommunication of such committees among all the American countries. (d) The establishment of national societies for international conciliation to be affiliated with the parent Association for International Conciliation at Paris. (e) To arrange for systematic furnishing of data for the work of the Division of Economics and History in accordance with the program laid down at Berne by the congress of economists in the summer of 1911. You will observe that Dr. Kinley, who was appointed a member of the Committee of Research with special reference to South America, will follow you in a visit to South America within a short period and will suggest specifically the things that can be done in aid of the researches of this Division. Your office in this respect should be to prepare the way for Dr. Kinley's reception and coöperation with him. The trustees of the Endowment are fully aware that progress in the work which they have undertaken must necessarily be slow and that its most substantial results must be far in the future. We are dealing with aptitudes and impulses firmly established in human nature through the development of thousands of years, and the utmost that any one generation can hope to do is to promote the gradual change of standards of conduct. All estimates of such a work and its results must be in terms not of individual human life, but in terms of the long life of nations. Inconspicuous as are the immediate results, however, there can be no nobler object of human effort than to exercise an influence upon the tendencies of the race, so that it shall move, however slowly, in the direction of civilization and humanity and away from senseless brutality. It is to participate with us in this noble, though inconspicuous work, that we ask you to invite our friends in South America with the most unreserved and sincere assurance of our high consideration and warm regard. (Signed) ELIHU ROOT. Entertainment of Distinguished Visitors It has been a part of the duty of the Secretary's office to extend entertainment to distinguished foreigners coming to Washington. This duty has been discharged in coöperation with the Division of Intercourse and Education, to which the fund for entertainment is allotted. Washington is a natural center to which most distinguished foreigners coming to the United States are apt to turn, and such of them as have intimate relations with the Carnegie Endowment naturally expect to receive attention here. On December 6, 1912, a dinner was tendered to the Baroness von Suttner, at which there was present a distinguished company of 175 ladies and gentlemen, many of them prominent in official circles and in the peace movement. On May 12, 1913, the British committee for the joint celebration of one hundred years of Anglo-American peace, with Lord Weardale as its chairman, visited Washington, and its members were the guests of the Endowment during their stay here, which terminated in a dinner of 250 covers at the New Willard Hotel. On October 9, 1913, Messrs. Horikiri and Seki, members of the Japanese Parliament and delegates to the Eighteenth Conference of the Interparliamentary Union at The Hague, passed through Washington on their return to Japan, and were entertained at a small dinner, in which many members of the American Group of the Interparliamentary Union participated. These gentlemen joined with the American delegates at the Hague Conference in the organization of the Japanese-American Section of the Interparliamentary Union. Later, the president of this new and promising organization, Hon. Ichitaro Shimizu, also came to Washington, and was entertained in like manner. On both occasions the Japanese Ambassador reciprocated the hospitality extended to his countrymen, and both were memorable as establishing a new link in the friendly relations between the two nations. On February 18, 1914, Mr. Norman Angell visited the national capital in the course of his American tour, and was entertained at a luncheon at the Shoreham Hotel, and in the evening addressed a large audience of ladies and gentlemen at the same hotel in his characteristic and effective manner. On February 21, 1914, a dinner was arranged in honor of Professor Shosuke Sato, Dean of the Agricultural College of the Northeastern Imperial University of Japan, and Exchange Professor of Japan, who was passing through Washington on his way from North Carolina to Pennsylvania. Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, Acting Director of the Division of Intercourse and Education, presided at the dinner, and the guests consisted chiefly of representatives of the teaching corps of the Washington universities and colleges and of Johns Hopkins University. American Group of the Interparliamentary Union A considerable portion of the time of the Assistant Secretary has been occupied with his duties as Executive Secretary of the American Group of the Interparliamentary Union, to which post he was assigned by the Executive Committee on May 25, 1912. At the annual meeting of the Group, held June 25, 1913, this designation was unanimously approved. The Executive Secretary has since devoted himself, first, to a canvass of the membership of the Sixty-third Congress, with a view of increasing the membership of the American Group. As a result, 36 Senators and 238 Members of the House of Representatives are now enrolled, the largest membership since the Group was founded, in 1895, and representing more than one-third of the Senate and more than half of the House. Second, to the preparation and publication of A Hand Book of the American Group, which contains, in compact form, a history of the Interparliamentary Union; the constitution and by-laws; the permanent organization at Brussels; the officers of the several national Groups, now 28 in number, with a |