INDEX.

A

Act, Interstate Commerce, 106, 107; proposed amendment,

Acworth, W. H., on variability of American railway rates,

36; makes cost of occupying otherwise empty seat in
passenger train, one-half a cent for a ride of 410 miles,
80; on parcels post of Great Eastern R. R., of England,
248

Adams, Charles Francis, a railway rate is a tax; high rates
ruinous to industry, 282-284

Adams Express Co. pay of a cent a pound to railroads for
a service that costs Post-office eight cents, 241
Advantages of proposed scheme, 149

Ainslie, S. R., Manager Blue Island Line, says that a uniform
five-cent fare is more profitable than a three-cent-a-mile
fare, 213

Alexander, E. Porter, railway manager, favors uniform rates,
105

Anarchists, railways make, 115, 116

Anderson, J. C., Freight Agent, N. Y., O., & W. R. R., de-
stroys business Howell Bros., 53, 54

Angeles, Los, distance from San Francisco, 400 miles; time
from San Francisco, 24 hours, 102

Anthracite coal roads combine to take $40,000,000 from con-
sumers, 115

Association, Joint Traffic, pooling reduces expenses of some
companies, $150,000 in switching alone, 93; rules with an
iron hand, 101, 114; controls fifty railroad companies and
a thousand million dollars of capital, 167, 176; makes
excursion rates one hundred per cent. higher in 1896 than
in 1895, 101; organized Nov. 19, 1895, 167; opinion New
York World, 166–170; opinion Chicago Tribune, 175–
179; discriminates in passenger rates, 171; raises freight
rates, 170, 183; president controls steel trust, 158; presi-
dent places Association above the National Government,
156

Average, freight tax for the average haul of 126 miles, $1.09,
94; cost of stop of train, forty cents, 74; earnings actual
capital invested in American railway stocks, 18 per cent.,
and on actual capital invested in bonds, 4.36 per cent.,
114; load American passenger trains, 44 persons, in 1894,
144; load Indian railways, 250 passengers, 136; capacity
passenger train probably over 500, 144; number round
railway trips taken by Englishmen, ten, by Americans less
than five, per year, 135; haul of freight in Middle States,
93.40 miles, and average tax per ton per haul, less than
64 cents, 210; average train represents $365,000 capital,
229; average haul and rate per haul, various railways,
211; average passenger train-loads on various roads and
effect on cost of service per passenger, 226, 237

B

Belgium, enriched by low railway rates, Ireland impoverished
by high rates, 86

Belgium, rates in, 85

Bell, Congressman, on sheep pelts and railways, 165
Bell, Horace, on railway rates in India, 81

Berlin, steamer, unloads and loads in 17 hours, 147

Berne made capital of railway Europe by international con-
vention, 275

Bill, résumé of, for extending Post-Office over all Public
Transportation, 192-205

Blanchard, George R., Rate Maker for Joint Traffic Associa-
tion favors uniform rates, viii, 122, 205; shows Govern-
ment of United Railways to be far more powerful than
Government United States, 160; acknowledges Govern-
ment ownership to be the only practical solution of the
railroad problem, xxi, 205, 254

Blue Island Line, Chicago & N. P. Road adopts uniform five-
cent fare, 212

Boston & Maine R. R. passes, 49, 50, 55; milk contract, III
Boston Herald, on abolishing traffic associations, 211; on evils
private ownership, 206

Bridgeport pays corvée, $400,000, 64

Brooklyn Bridge, low fares increase both traffic and earnings,

228

Bryce on railway kings, 37

Buchanan, Daniel, experience on Northern Pacific R. R., 45
Bush, S. P., Supt., Motive Power Penn., R. R., west Pitts-
burgh, says there is practically no difference in cost of
hauling loaded and empty cars, 209

C

Canadian Pacific R. R., uniform rates, 125

Car, electric motor weighs 32 tons, carries 96 passengers,
makes 324 miles a day, 220

Car, freight car mileage, forty per cent. empty, 209

Car, loaded freight, cost of haul on Soo Road, one cent a mile,
on Union Pacific, two cents a mile, 83

Cars, 25,000 passenger cars on American roads, 223; 1,200,000
freight cars, 224

Cars, Government postal, would pay for themselves in one
year, III

Central, N. Y., absorbs Lake Shore and by railroad decree in-
creases national debt $50,000,000, 288; privileged dealers
on, 28; enriches A. T. Stewart by freight discrimination,
30; its local business pays cost through business, 71;
short distance passenger traffic, in 1897, seven times its
through traffic, 236; average passenger trip, about 30
miles, 236; side tracks as long as main line, 74; fifty
cents a ton a profitable rate for 440 miles, Buffalo to N.
Y., 92; hauls 1800 tons on some trains, 92; adoption of
air-brakes and block-signals reduces hands on through
freight trains one-third, while doubling capacity of trains,
92; half its stock water representing only the speculative
possibility of its power to extort so much taxes, 114; to
cut out curves and shorten line would reduce power to tax
local traffic, 71; when its power becomes supreme it will
give character of postage-stamp to its transport tax, 105
Charge per haul per ton, various railways, on Michigan roads
58 cents for an average haul, 75.84 miles, 211
Chicago Belt Lines tax eastern traffic ten dollars a car, 185,
186

Chicago Great Western R. R., by reducing grades slightly,
can increase train-load from 460 to 650 tons with no in-
crease of cost per haul, 209

Chicago, B. & Q. locomotive makes 495 miles a day, 225
Chicago Strike, 191

Chicago Record on uniform five-cent fares, Blue Island Line,

212

Chicago Tribune, on dangers private ownership railroads, 175
-179

Choate, Joseph H., on milk contract, D., L. & W. R. R.,
with Westcott, profits suspicious, $52,000 a year, 52; cost
service to railway, eight cents per can per haul, 118
Classification of freight, 143, 144

Clergymen and passes, 56

Cleveland, Canton & Southern R. R., excursion, 286 miles for
75 cents, profits enormous, 91

Cleveland & Pittsburgh Road charges 55.3 cents per ton per
haul of 79.5 miles, 211

Cohn, Gustave, on government ownership R. Rs., Prussia, 254
Coleman, John A., Fight of a Man with a Railroad," policy
the N. H. Road to make public afraid to fight for its
rights, 60

Colony, Old, R. R. refuses to carry the mails, 65
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. pays freight on iron bars down
grade, 1559 miles, Pueblo to San Francisco, 3 times the
rate over the mountains 3331 miles N. Y. to S. F., 165
Cooley, Judge, favors uniform rates, xiii

Cooper, R. A., on Free Railway Travel, 134

Cost of carrying passenger in seat otherwise empty, one cent
for ride 410 miles, 80

Cost of service, xviii-xxi, 5, 21-25, 76-79, 118, 128

Cost of stop of average train, forty cents, 74

Cost per passenger mile various roads, on Genesse Road, 67
cents per mile, on N. H. Road, 1.305 cents, 237
Cost to railroad often greater for a short than for a long haul,
22, 23, 98, 99

Courant, Hartford, on result low fares third-rail electrics, 218
Crockery, English, shipped from Liverpool to Denver, Col.,
for 31 cents per hundred less than American crockery
from Trenton, N. J., 165

D

Davies, Turner & Co., express rates, New York to London,
245

Debt of Railroad Government seven times that of National

Government, 160

Deficit, postal due to high railway charges, 5-7, 66, 67
Delaware, Lackawana & Western R. R., milk contract with
Westcott, 52; favor uniform rate on milk, ix

Demurrage, wasteful of car equipment, 94, 145-148; under
bill but eight hours, 204

Denver, crockery carried from Liverpool for less than from
Trenton, N. J., 165, 166

Depew, Chauncey M., trusts built up by railroads, 27-31;
laments decay of small towns, 72; policy, as absolute
ruler of U. S., 139; railway rates should have character
of postage-stamp, 105, 106

Docwra, Wm., establishes Penny Post in London in 1683, 9
Dunster, Henry P., on a parcels post, 95

E

Earnings, present passenger equipment of U. S., under pro-
posed scheme, probably over $1,000,000,000 a year, 233;
of freight equipment as much more, 148

East India Railway fares, 81-88

Economic Journal on success Prussian railroads, 254
Electricity on standard railroads, 216–225

Employees on American railroads, cheapest on earth, 137
Engineering Magazine on success, zone system of Hungary,

227

England, private ownership of railroads a great evil, Lord
Macaulay, 257; reasons for continuance, 258; iron indus-
try, much hampered by high rates, 98

English ships illustrate absurd system of transport rates,
rates on cotton goods from New York, via Liverpool to
Shanghai one-third less than from Liverpool to Shanghai,
279

"

Equality of Opportunity," Article in Arena, Dec., 1895,
Equipment railroads, 229

Evening Post, New York, on steel trust, 157

Export and import rates, 32-34, 165, 179–184

Express, Adams, rates of, 243; pays railroads forty per cent.
receipts, 241

Express companies, rates exorbitant and uncertain, 18, 19,
120; character of, 243, 244; carry second-class matter for
one cent a pound, 241; rates, New York to London, in
100-pound parcels, 2 cents per pound, 245

F

Fall River cotton industry imperilled by high freight rates,
280, 281

Fares, Railway, 1850–1896, N. Y., N. H., & H. R. R., 41;
Indian railways, 81, 133; Belgian railways, 85; Trunk
Line war, 87; English railway war, 1865, 1855, 89, 90;
excursion in Ohio, 1895, 91, 144; low fares refused, IOI ;
on Southern Pacific road, six cents a mile, 102; on London
& Northwestern of England, 133-136; Hungarian rail-
ways, 126, 227; Canadian Pacific, 125; Russian railways,
84; third-class, support railways, 131-133; first-class do
not pay cost, 133, 134; influence low fares on Manhattan
elevated road, 127; commuters of consolidated road,
136; Savannah electric, one cent per trip profitable, 140;
Blue Island uniform five-cent fares, very profitable, 213;
Brooklyn Bridge, low fares increase both traffic and earn-