Слике страница
PDF
ePub

Interesting Chemical News.

ore, to get rid of which, he fluxed in a filver crucible, a quantity of tin ore with fix parts of pot-afh. Of this mixture he found that o.91 were foluble in water, and capable of being precipitated and re-diffolved by muriatic acid. By decompofing the muriate of tin by carbonate of foda, he acquired an oxide very foluble in muriatic acid, and which, when precipitated by zinc and heated in a crucible with fat, gave a button of pure metallic tin. According to KLAPROTH, therefore, the cause of the infolubility of tin ore in muriatic acid, is owing to its being fuperfaturated with oxygen; it does not appear, however, that fufion with pot-afh at all tended to de-oxidate it; for in order that the mixture of tin ore and potafh fhould be foluble in water, it is neceffary that the first should be in the extreme ftate of oxidation; in other words, in the ftate of acid. To put the matter, however, beyond all doubt, a portion of tin was diffolved in nitric acid, evaporated to drynels, and repeatedly treated in the fame manner with fresh acid; being thus fuperfaturated with oxygen, and washed well in diftilled water, it was thrown into muriatic acid, and perfectly diffolved. It is probable, therefore, that the great degree of aggregation between the parts of the ore, and which fimple pulverization could not overcome, was the true caufe of its infolubility in muriatic acid, and that the action of the. pot-afh was fimply the overcoming of this aggregation.

In the fame valuable number we find an effay by M. DE SAUSSURE, jun. on the question, " Is the formation of carbonic acid effential to vegetation?" From feveral ingenious experiments on yegetation in atmospheric air, mixed with different proportions of carbonic acid, and in atmospheric air deprived of carbonic acid, Mr. De S. has deduced the following laws:

1. That plants, like animals, are continually forming carbonic acid while yegetating, either in the light or fhade.

2. That like animals, they form this carbonic acid, by means of the oxygen of the atmosphere; and that the reason why the formation of this acid is not always manifeft, is its being immediately decompofed.

3. That the prefence, or rather the elaboration of carbonic acid, is neceffary to vegetation in the light.

4. That light is favourable to vegetation, by contributing to the decompontien of carbonic acid,

293

3. That plants, while vegetating in the light, can fupport a dofe of carbonic acid fo ftrong as to deftroy them when in the shade.

The following analyfis of the pumicetone of Lipari, is tranflated into the fame work from the German of KLAPROTH, by Cit. TASSARET, with notes by GUYTON. The pumice-ftone is confidered by Bergman, Cartheufer, and Spallanzani, on account of its fibrous struc ture, and the magnelia which it was fuppofed to contain, as an abeftos altered by volcanic fire: to determine this, the fol lowing analyfs was inftituted:

The greyish white fibrous pumice of Lipari, which floats on water, was pul verized and boiled for fome time in water: no portion of it, however, appeared to be diffolved; the water difcovered, indeed, on the addition of nitrate of filver, a flight trace of muriatic acid.

One hundred grs. of this stone reduced to powder, were mixed with twice their weight of pct-ath and futed: the mass appeared of a green colour, fhewing the pretence of a little oxide of manganefe when diffolved in water, it formed a brownish liquor; this being faturated with weak muriatic acid, depofited on digeftion 77.5 grs. of filex. A fecond precipitate being the whole of what was contained in the liquor, was obtained, by the addition of ammoniac: this precipitate being digefted in a hot folution of pure pot-afh, re-diffolved the whole except 1.75 grs. of oxide of iron. The alcaline liquor, containing alumine, was fuperfaturated by muriatic acid, and the alumine precipitated by carbonate of potafh; when wathed and dryed, it weighed 17.5 grs. It was evidently pure alumine; for being re-diffolved in fulphuric acid, with the addition of acetile of potafh, it gave cryftals of alum. The component parts, therefore, of the pumice of Lipari are

Silex 77.50
Alumine 17.50
Oxide of iron 1.75
Afmall trace of manganefe-

96.75

The acids have no action on the fimple pulverized tone, except abitracting the manganefe, which inertnefs arifes from the force of the aggregation of its confo light as to float on water, yet when stituent parts. Though the pumice is fpecif. grav. is 2.142, or about equal to reduced to a moderately fine powder, its that of the opal or pitchstone.

NEW

[ 294 ]

NEW PATENTS,
In April 1798.

MR. BOULTON'S FOR RAISING WATER.

M ANY of the inventions which, under the title of New Patents, we have prefented to our readers, however ingenious, have been capable of only a fingle application, and that often of but little importance. The discovery, how ever, of new powers or principles of motion, readily applicable to a variety of machinery, and a variety of ufes, is of fuch incalculable confequence in a country like our own, elevated into the firft rank among the nations of the earth, by the multiplicity and excellence of its manufactures, as to caufe a new æra, not only in thofe arts which are immediately benefitted by them, but in the general profperity of the country. The late Sir Richard Arkwright's fplendid inventions have opened a road to wealth, and fupplied materials for commerce that have crowded with population districts before fcarcely inhabited. The Steam Engine of Meffrs. BOULTON and WATT, befides materially aiding a vaft variety of our manufactures, has been the means of rendering acceffible to us, a large portion of mineral treasures, which, without this inftrument, could never have been procured. We are happy in being able to notify to the public, a difcovery that promifes, in importance, to be only, and perhaps fcarcely inferior to the two above mentioned. On the 30th Dec. 1797, a patent was granted to MATTHEW BOULTON, of Soho, for an Apparatus and Method of raifing Water and other Fluids. The principle of action in all these machines may be illuftrated by a defcription of the moft fimple of them: in our next number, however, we hope to be able, by the affiftance of plates, to give a full and accurate account of the various ways in which this principle may be employed.

A horizontal pipe is formed of iron or any other fubftance fufficiently ftrong, expanding at one end like the mouth of a trumpet, and at the other furnished with a valve that may be opened or fhut at pleasure near this fmaller extremity is let in a vertical pipe, at right angles to the horizontal one, furnished at the juncture with a valve opening upwards, and open at the other end. This machine is let down into a stream of water, fo deep as to cover the horizontal pipe, the trum

pet-like mouth of which is placed fo as to meet the current: in this fituation the valve being open, a current paffes through the pipe of equal velocity with the current of the ftream: if the valve be then fuddenly clofed, the recoil of the current will force open the valve of the vertical pipe, through which will ruth a column of water: the force of the recoil foon subfiding, the vertical column will prefs on the valve at its bottom, and cause it to close the end of the vertical pipe, in which the afcending column of water will be detained. The horizontal valve being then opened, the current will recommence through the horizontal pipe, and upon clofing the valve a recoil will happen as before, and an additional quantity of water will rife in the vertical pipe: by a repetition of this procefs, the water rifing through the pipe will overflow into any veffel placed to receive the water, forming a perpetual pump. The contrivances by which this inftrument is made to draw water, from a depth below that of the impelling current, and to raise it to any height, will be mentioned hereafter. The ufes to which this engine may be of water for the ufe of brewers, &c, it applied, are various: befides the raifing may be employed in raifing water from the fea for falt works, in draining marthes, and pumping ships, and supplying with water thofe canals that are carried over or by the fide of rivers,

MR. ECKHARDT'S FOR CHAIRS. On January 16, 1798, a patent was granted to A. G. ECKHARDT, Efq. F. R. S. &c. for a new method of making chairs, stools, &c.

Where the chair feats are round, the propofed improvement confifts in fixing the feat within the frame, on a pivot, fo as to enable it, when the ftop fcrew is taken out, to turn round easily, and the two fides of the feat being covered with different materials, by turning the feat, the chair may be converted from a common one to a beft. If the feat is fquare, at its juncture with the back, a hinge is faftened, upon which the feat, and two or three others that are concealed in the back will readily move, and by letting down the different feats, the chair may be made to affume as many different appearances.

[ 295 ]

REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.

THE favourite Song and Duet in the Stran

ger. The Song fung by Mrs. BLAND and the Duet by Mrs. BLAND and Mifs

LEAKE. 2s. 6d. Longman and Broderip. The first article in this little publication is an air fweetly plaintive, and remarkable for its natural fimplicity. It is printed in fcore, and furnished with a part for the piano forte. Accompanied on that inftrument with the fecond violin part, which is in the arpeggio ftyle, it is productive of a very interesting effect. The duet, which is alfo given in fcore, poffeffes great livelinefs of melody, and the two parts are fo adjusted as to do much credit to the harmonizing skill of its compofer, Mr. SHAW.

Would we had never met." An admired Song compofed by J. Fiffin. Is.

10s. 6d.

Longman and Broderip. This air is written with much ease, and is calculated to pleafe as a piano-forte fong. The paffages in general accord with the fentiments of the poetry; but we are obliged to except that of the two clofing notes given to the words "it died," which certainly would have been more expreffive in the octave below. Twelve Divertimentos for the Piano-Forte and Pedal Harp, with an Accompaniment of two French Horns and Tamburinos (ad libitum), compofed by J. G. Ferrari. Op. 21. Longman and Broderip. After a minute examination of these divertimentos, we have the fatisfaction to be able to pronounce them elegant and fcientific. Thefe are written on various plans; fome comprizing two movements, others only one, and that fometimes very fhort and familiar. Indeed, for the most part, they are rather calculated for juvenile than advanced performers, and by attentive practice muft produce much improvement. The accompaniments, which are feparately printed, are adjusted with confiderable judgment, and greatly add to the general effect.

Jockey; a Scottish ballad, the melody from Little Fanny's Love; fung by Mifs Leake, the words by S. Arnold, jun. Price is.

Longman and Broderip. The melody of "Little Fanny's Love" is fo well fuited to the words here given to it, that we have reafon to fuppofe Mr. ARNOLD wrote them to this mufic. The fentiment, measure, and ityle of the poetry are happily confulted, and the refult of the whole is a novel and pleafing ballad.

MONTH. MAG. No. XXX.

"Faint Heart never won fair Lady," a favourite fea-fong fung at the royalty theatre, by Mr. Burrows, compofed by Mr. Saunder fon. Price Is. Longman and Broderip. fuited to the style of the words, as to be The melody of this work is fo far fufficiently vulgar and common-place. We delight to praife where we can, and Mr. SAUNDERSON has, on other occafions,merited and shared our approbation; but in' has overstepped the proverb, and, by too "Faint Heart never won fair Lady" he great a confidence in his talents, been betrayed into a flovenlinefs, that does not fupport the character we have before given

him.

The favourite Overture and Songs in Joan of
Arc, as performed in the theatre-royal
Covent Garden, compofed by W. Reeve
Price 6s.
Longman and Broderip.

The overture and fongs of this ballad are, for the accommodation of the public, printed feparately: we fhall therefore treat of them in the fame way, and speak of them as detached articles. The overture is bold and lively in its opening, and moft of the paffages are pleasingly conceived; the relief afforded to the first movement, by the introduction of the oboe and baffoon in the relative minor of the original key, is judicious, and renders the return of the fubject particularly ftriking. The theme of the rondo is no vel and engaging, and the whole piece, we think, forms an excellent practice for juvenile performers on the piano-forte. "Affection warms the heart," sung by Mrs. Mountain, is expreffively fet; and the harp accompaniment, which is equally adapted to the piano-forte, greatly heightens the general effect. "Hang war, hang care," is an air and chorus. The melody is eafy and familiar, and the parts are put together with as much theoretical skill as we generally find in productions of this nature. "Victorious la Pucelle," fung by Mrs. Clendining, is bold and fimple in its ftyle, and, to Mr. Reeves's great honour, reminds us of fome of the pleasant fterling melodies of Arme's time.

In realms of blifs," fung by Mifs Sims, is an air of which we cannot speak in terms of commendation; we do not find in it any of the character which the words require, nor the leaft trace of agreeablenefs or originality. "Lie ftill, my trembling heart," is impreffively imagined, and conveys the fenfe of the words with great truth and propriety. "Your ૧

minfirel

296

Review of New Mufical Publications.

minstrel asks a subject's tear," fung by Mr. Incledon, is animated, and the chorus with which it concludes produces a bold and striking effect.

Three Sonatas for the piano-forte, in which are introduced as rondos, "Viva tutte le vezzofe," "The Dutchiefs of Athol's Straipey," and an Irish air, compofed by T. Haigh. Price 6s. Rolfe.

Mr. HAIGH has written thefe fonatas in fo fimple and familiar a ftyle, as to render them particularly eligible for young practitioners. "Viva tutte le Vezzofe, which he has introduced in the firft piece, the "Rondo danfe Ecoffoife" in the fecond, and the Irish air in the third, are worked into excellent piano-forte movements, and are calculated to pleafe the untutored; as well as the cultivated auditor. Indeed we cannot difmifs this article without complimenting Mr. HAIGH on the addrefs with which he has acquitted himfelf in this ferviceable little work, and expreffing our wish, that he may be encouraged, by its fale, to produce fome further fpecimens of his kill in this ufeful ftyle of writing. "Almonza and Aura," a celebrated ballad, as fung at the nobility's concerts, compofed by T. Haigh. Price is. Rolfe. Almonza and Aura" is an elegant little air. The paffages flow melodiously into each other, and form that beautiful whole for which the cultivated ear always Piftens. The bafs is, if we may fo exprefs ourselves, more masterly than judicious; it is fterling in itself, but not perfectly in ftyle with the melody; the admirable fimplicity of the latter would have been better confulted by an under part, more fparingly employed.

Price is.

The poor little Robin," a celebrated fong, as fung at the theatre-royal Covent Garden, for the piano-forte, violin, or German flute, written and composed by an Amateur. Rolfe. The melody of this little effort is agreeable, though not formed throughout by the ftrict rules of compofition. The bafs, we are obliged to obferve, is in fome places ill chofen; but the effect is at the fame time fo admiffible to the ear, that only a master can detect its improprieties. We have fufficient marks of talent in this amateur to be induced to recommend him to the further study of mufical theory; he certainly poffeffes much eafe of fancy, and, by proper affiftance, would probably find himself qualified to produce fome valuable compofitions.

Apollo et Terpsichore," No. 4, continued monthly. Price is.

Rolfe.

This collection, which profeffes to contain the most celebrated fongs, duets, rondos, &c. continues to maintain its cha.

racter, and to do credit to the taste of its
compiler. We find in the prefent num-
ber, a favourite air in the ballet of Delaffe-
ments Militaires, "Cold blew the wind,"
by GIORDANI, a pleafing ballad, and a
duet, by MOZART, and the celebrated
dance introduced by Mademoiselle Bossi
and Mr. GENTILLI, in "Little Fanny's
Love."

"Forlorn I feek the filent fcene," a canzo-
net, by Peter Pindar, fet to mufic by Mr.
Suctt. Price Is.
Prefton and Son.

We are forry not to be able to speak of Mr. SUETT's prefent effort in the language of praife. We can neither difcover any thing of character in the melody, nor the traits of science in the dife pofition of the bafs. In a word, compoitions like this are precifely calculated to expofe the want of genius, tafte, theory, and every thing but the vanity of fhining in a profeffion foreign to the qualifications of the author.

"The Death of Robin." Price Is.

Prefton and Son. The different circumstances of the death and burial of poor robin have been moft fuccessfully attended to by the.compofer of this little piece. The words,

[ocr errors]

I, faid the fly, with my little eye," "who'll dig his grave?" "who'll toll the bell?" and "hark! that's his knell,' are expreffed with particular force and propriety, and the whole forms an engag ing exercife for the voice and pianoforte.

Two favourite Marches, composed and dedi-
cated to Sir John Sinclair, by J. N. Zwing-
man. Price IS.
Holland and Jones.

Thefe marches, though not of first-rate excellence, rank far above the generality of this fpecies of compofition. Somewhat of the true martial tyle pervades the firft of the two pieces, and the fecond is characterised by an attractive sprightlinefs.

Divine Harmony," being a collection of pfalm and hymn tunes, in fcore, compofed by the late Rev. Phocion Henley, M. A. To which are added, four pfalm tunes, compofed by the late Rev. Thomas Sharp, M. A. the whole arranged and published by John Page, of St. Paul's cathedral. Riley.

Price 4s.

We have examined the fcores of these tunes, and find them adjusted with that judgment which befpeaks the theoretical proficiency of their respective authors The work, taken in the aggregate, forms an excellent collection of church melodies ; and by its familiarity and fimplicity, is admirably adapted to the Sunday ufe of private families.

A COR

[ 297 ]

A CORRECT LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

The following is offered to the Public as a-compléte Lift of all Publications within the Month.-Authors and Publifhers who defire a correct and early Notice of their Works, are intreated to tranfmit copies of the fame.

ANTIQUITIES.

BIOGRAPHY.

ANTIQUITIES of Ionia, part 2, published by the Society of Dilletanti, large folio, with plates. 31. 13s. 6d. Nicol. Earl Moira, by a Son of St. Patrick. 2s. 6d. Harding. A new edition, greatly enlarged and improved, of the General Biographical Dictionary, in 15 vols. 8vo. 51. 5s.

Robinfons, &c. A new edition of M'Cormick's Life of Burke, with a portrait, 4to. 18s. boards. Lee and Hurft. The Hiftory of the Reign of Shah Allum, the prefent Emperor of Hindoftan, containing the tranfactions of the court of Delhi for 36 years, by W. Francklin, 4to. 11. 4s. Faulder.

[blocks in formation]

EDUCATION.

A feries of Plays; in which it is attempted to delineate the ftronger paffions of the mind, each paffion being the fubject of a tragedy and comedy, 8vo. 6s. Cadell and Davies. Don Carlos, a tragedy, tranflated from the German of Frederick Schiller. Harding. Geographiæ Antiquæ Principia; or, the Elements of Ancient Geography, by R. Perkius, jun. is. 6d, Johnfon. A Key to the claffical Pronunciation of Greek and Latin proper Names, in which the words are accented and divided into fyllables exactly as pronounced, by John Walker, 5s. boards. Robinsons. Exercifes upon the Rules of Construction of the Spanish Language, confifting of paffages extracted from the best authors, with references to the rules of Spanish grammar, by the Rev. Don Filipe Fernandez, A.M. 2s. 6d. Wingrave. The Plan of Education purfued in Mrs. Landen's academy, Han's-place, Sloan-ftreet, Ridgway.

IS.

GEOGRAPHY.

A complete View of the Chinese Empire, 8vo. 7s. boards. Cawthorn,

MEDICINE.

the morbid Appearances on Diffections, by John Haflam, 35. Rivingtons.

A third Differtation on Fever, part 1, containing the history and method of treatment of a regular continued fever, fuppofing it is left to purfue its ordinary courfe, by G. Fordyce, M. D. F. R. S. 4s. Johnfon. Remarks on the Fiftula Lachrymalis, with the defcription of an operation different from that commonly used, and cafes annexed, by James Ware, furgeon, 35. Dilly.

The Influence of Metallic Tractors on the human Body, in removing various painful inflammatory Difeafes, by B. D. Parkins, A.M. fon of D. Parkins, of North America, the difcoverer, 2s. 6d. Johnfon. Obfervations on Infanity; with practical Remarks on the Difeafe, and an Account of

MISCELLANIES.

1

The April Fashions of London and Paris; containing feven beautifully coloured figures of ladies in the actually prevailing and most favourite dreffes of the month: intended for the ufe of milliners, &c. and of ladies of quality and private families refiding in the country: to be continued monthly, price is. 6d. per month. Hookham and Carpenter.

Selections from the most celebrated foreign Literary Journals, and other periodical Publications, 2 vols. 8vo. boards, 16s. Debrett. Affeffed Tax Act for 1798, fully explained, by Dr. Trufler, 6d. Byfield and Co. Memoirs of the Literary and Philofophical Society of Manchester, vol. 5, part 1, with plates, 6s. Cadell and Davies. The Fashionable Cypriad; in a series of letters, with anecdotes, &c. &c. 4s.

[ocr errors][merged small]

Henderfon.

Waldorf; or the Dangers of Philofophy, by Sophia King, 2 vols. 6s. Robinfons. Canterbury Tales; containing the history of the two Emilys, by Sophia Lee, author of the Recefs, &c. vol. 2, boards, 75.

Robinfons. Clermont; a tale, in four volumes, by R. M. Roche, 14s. Lane. Phedora; or the Foreft of Minski: by Mary Charlton, 4 vols. 18s.

Lane. Stella, founded on a recent event in private life, tranflated from the German of M. Goethe, Hookham and Co. Lane.

25.

More Ghofts, 3 vols. 10s. 6d. Edmond Oliver, by Charles Lloyd, 2 vols. 12mo. 8s, boards. Lee and Hurft. He would be a Peer, 2 vols. 12mo. 5s. Lee and Hurst.

fewed.

[blocks in formation]
« ПретходнаНастави »