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the curses which will accumulate on the heads, of those who have wantonly sacrificed our unexampled felicity will teach our children's

children wisdom.

GENERAL REGISTER.

BOSTON, SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 1814.

GLORIOUS CONSUMMATION. We cannot denominate the agreeable, important, AWFUL. Intelligence, just received, under the usual head" EUROPEAN." It announces events which are in the highest degree interesting to the civilized world. The most extensive system of tyranny that ever mankind suffered or witnessed; the most formidable power that ever triumphed over the freedom of nations, and threatened a general degradation of the human species-are annihilated France, is restored to liberty and peace, Europe to repose-for to use a French expression, which appears to us strictly appropriate-THE REIGN OF CRIME IS OVER. In the short space allowed us, we shall merely make record of the events which preceded the destruction of the revolutionary Despotism of France.

March 31, 1814. Four hours' armistice having been agreed to by the allies, at the gates of Paris, to receive a formal surrender of the city, at two o'clock in the morning the articles of capitulation were arranged and signed. The Emperour Alexander with the King of Prussia entered this morning and were ceived by all ranks of the people with the warmest acclamations.

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The same day, the Emperour Alexander proclaimed, in the name of all the allies, that they came to meet the wishes of the French people; and that they would treat no more with Napoleon Bonaparte, nor with any of his family; inviting the Senate to appoint a provisional government.

April 6. The Provisional Government being organized, published an address to the people of France, stating the deplorable situation to which the nation had been reduced by the merciless barbarity of Napoleon's tyranny, and announcing that the Senate had declared that Napoleon had forfeited the throne. The provisional government declared that all emblems, cyphers, and arms, which characterised the government of Bonaparte should be suppressed and effaced, wherever they exist.

Napoleon Bonaparte formally abdicated the crowns of France and Italy in the following terms. "The allied powers having proclaimed that the Emperour Napoleon was the only obstacle to the reestablishment of the Peace of Europe, the Emperour Napoleon, faithful to his oath, declares, that he renounces for himself and his heirs, the thrones of France and Italy; and that there is no personal sacrifice, even that of life, which he is not ready to make for the interest of France. Done at the Palace of Fontainbleau. April 1814."

ment of France. His Royal Highness answer-pothesis, and discoursed from it as learnedly, ed by sketching the outlines of an admirable and with as much apparent conviction of its constitution, which he assured them would be truth and reality as Berkely and Hume, Desrecognized as the basis of the system to which cartes or Malebranche ever did of theirs. Louis XVIII. would adhere. He closed with many expressions of the warmest sympathy for his country, and those around him. The scene was deeply affecting and his speech was frequently interrupted and the conclusion followed by universal acclamations. April 15. The Emperour of Austria entered Paris, in style.

April 17. The Provisional Government is dissolved. The government of the kingdom is conferred on the Count d' Artois, until the arrival of Louis XVIII. Part of the allied troops have left France and recrossed the Rhine. Addresses flow into Paris from every part of France. Loyal enthusiasm is the order of the day.

April 18. The Mars, a French vessel, arrived at Portsmouth, England, inviting Louis XVIII over to his kingdom and people. The blockading squadrons are ordered from off the French ports into Plymouth.

AMERICAN AFFAIRS. A London article of April 8th. mentions a report that the British ministry had declined to treat with our commissioners, until the question of the hostages should be settled, as they could not negotiate on that subject, nor while these hostages were detained.

It is added that 25,000 troops are immediately to be transported to America; and that England will now meet our hostile proceedings with all her strength.

STATE LEGISLATURE. Busily engaged in local and individual concerns.

LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR THE BOSTON SPECTATOR.

THE WRITER, No. IV. Ir is very common for people of one class in society to make themselves merry with the fashions of another: thus the present race of beaux, with their round toed shoes and cropped hair, are extremely witty upon any gentleman, who appears to them in the costume of their grandfathers; and who, obstinately attached to the customs of his jovial years, ventures abroad with pointed shoes, and a bag wig or a long queue to his hair.

Female fashions, either from being more important, or more prolifick of objects, have been considered fair game ever since the time of Addison and Steele, and the success with which these celebrated essayists attacked the fashionable follies of their day, has induced almost every periodical writer, since, to sport in the same field. Although I am a strict observer of the female world, and the first to take notice of the most trifling alteration in their dress or ornaments, yet I never view these occasional changes as matters of mere caprice or evanescent fancy, but rather as connected by cause or effect, with other great events, which are often taking place in the natural or political world. Perhaps some persons may be disposed to laugh at this idea, and consider it as another of my oddities, yet I have the happiness to say, that I am not entirely alone in this opinion. I have an old and valuable friend, whom I shall call Dr. Reverie, to whom I am indebted for this original thought, and who carries it to greater perfection, and refines upon it with much more ingenuity of reasoning and acuteness of argument, than I could ever do myself. I lately spent a very pleasant evening with the old gentleman, when The Senate likewise committed to the care the conversation happening to turn upon this of H. R. H. the present Provisional Govern-subject, he brought forward his favourite hy

The same day (April 6) the Emperour Alexander sent a proposition to Bonaparte to choose a place of residence for himself and family. April 13. Monsieur, the Count d'Artois, made his publick entry into Paris.

April 14. His Royal Highness, the Count d'Artois, received the Senate and Legislature, who by their President presented him their respectful submission, their ardent expressions of love, and the joy they experienced in welcoming, at last, a descendant of St. Louis and Henry IV.

I shall endeavour to give some of his observations as near as I can recollect them, and confine myself as much as possible to his own language, that my readers may justly appreciate the character and learning of my venerable friend.

"One of the most extraordinary fashions," said he," that ever prevailed among the females of this or any other country, was that of wearing those enormous cushions on their heads. These false and preposterous ornaments were undoubtedly produced by the war for our Independence, as they regularly increased with the difficulties of those times, and disappeared with the rest of our troubles after the peace of 1783.

"Another very remarkable article, in the female dress, was the hooped petticoat; these have had their ups and downs in the world, having appeared in France just before the murder of Henry the Fourth by Ravaillac, and subsided during the next reign; revived in England under the great Duke of Marlborough, whose Duchess then led the fashions of the court: and, as it is well known that she ruled the Queen, and the Queen ruled the realm, it may be said emphatically that the nation were then under petticoat government. The last time they prevailed in this country was about the revival of commerce, after the peace; and although our navigation did not thrive so much at that particular period as afterwards, yet we carried on a considerable trade under the hooped petticoat. Pockets totally disappeared during the heat of the French revolution, and were succeeded by a foreign race of usurpers, which, though submitted to by a sort of imperious necessity, have never been admitted to so close and friendly a connection as the old favourites, but have been kept at arm's-length ever since. Naked arms brought contagion into this country; for 'tis a fact, that yellow fever never left the West Indies till our ladies adopted the practice of the warm climates hy going with their arms bare; and I verily believe, that this unseasonable and calamitous fashion swept off more of the citizens of the United States, than were ever destroyed by gunpowder. Patches were generally worn the year the sun was totally eclipsed, and Spanish mantles came in and went out with the first embargo. As to the more transitory form of the bonnet, the colour of the ribbons,or the manner of putting them on, these are smaller events; and, as they vary about as often, they may reasonably be attached to the wind and weather, or the usual changes of the atmosphere, for their operative causes.

"These few instances," continued the Dr. "are sufficient I think to convince any reasonable man, that fashions and politicks, and I may add philosophy and physicks, are all connected by some secret chain, and go hand and hand together."

Here the old gentleman ceased, and as he found no one to enter the lists to oppose him, he looked as though he was conscious he had won over the whole company to his system. But, whether they were ready to subscribe to his theory or not, I am sure they were all amused with the warmth and ingenuity with which he supported it.

LIGHT FOOD.

AMONG other remarkable instances adduced by way of proof, that the lightest food is best calculated to leave the mind entire possession of itself, and invest it as it were with its fullest

powers,it is recorded of Sir Isaac Newton, that from this may perhaps appear inconclusive; it when he applied himself to what is esteemed may be said, the difference of pain is owing to the greatest stretch of human penetration, the the different structure of the limb. Then study, investigation, and analysis of the theory there is another argument more decisive. If of light and colours, to quicken his faculties, an external irritating application is found to and fix his attention, he confined himself, dur- produce the same effect, when operating on the ing that time, to a small quantity of bread, with muscle of a Polyphemus or a Homunculus, a little sack and water, of which, without obser- does it not prove that the excitability in both ving any regulation of time, he took, as he was cases is equal? If the fibre is in both cases prompted either by desire or a failure of spirit. equally sensible, it must follow, without deIt is likewise related of Mr. Law, the fa-scending further into the particulars of the scending further into the particulars of the mous projector of the Mississippi scheme, and cockpit, that the degree of pain will be in proan inveterate gambler, that to keep his head portion to the actual extent of organick lesion ; clear, and faculties acute, and in order to obtain and if so, Shakspeare's doctrine is altogether a superiority of skill in gaming, he lived many erroneous, not only in the extreme case he years on half a chicken a day, with about a supposes, but in every disparity of subject. pound of bread, and drank nothing but water, or aqueous liquors; and to this was attributed his great success, for he was as famous for plundering his friends,as defrauding the publick. Lord Byron seems likewise to be of the opinion, that abstemiousness favours intellectual vigour, in the following passage in his last poem. Speaking of the commander of the pirates, he says

"And for his fare, the rudest of his crew
Would that, in turn, have pass'd untasted too.
Earth's coarsest bread, the garden's homeliest roots,
And scarce the summer luxury of fruits,
His short repast in humbleness supply
With all a hermit's board would scarce deny.
But while he shuns the grosser joys of sense
His mind seems nourish'd by that abstinence."

LE REVEUR, No. IV.

"The sting of death is most in apprehension; And the poor beetle, that we tread upon,

In corporal sufferance, feels a pang as great As when a giant dies."

THE CORSAIR.

In a cursory perusal of "The Corsair," a pleasing little poem by Lord Byron, just published, I have marked the following passages-some for their poetick beauties-others for sake of the sentiment.

PASTIME OF THE PIRATES ON SHORE.

"In scattered groupes upon the golden sand,
They game-carouse-converse-or whet the brand;
Select the arms-to each his blade assign,
And careless eye the blood that dims its shine :
Repair the boat-replace the helm or oar,
While others straggling, muse along the shore ;
For the wild bird the busy springes set,
Or spread beneath the sun the dripping net :
Gaze where some distant sail a speck supplies,
With all the thirsting eye of Enterprize-
Tell o'er the tales of many a night of toil,
And marvel where they next shall seize a spoil :
No matter where-their chief's allotment this-

THE first of these positions is undoubtedly Theirs-to believe no prey nor plan amiss.”
true-the latter, is a poetical flourish, contain-
ing more of fancy, than probability; I say pro-
bability, for it is impossible to prove it either
true or false But it is a subject of curious
speculation.

:

Nothing is more common than this argumentum ad misericordiam; it begins in the nursery, and we hear it through life, from per. sons who have or affect to have great acuteness of sensibility, particularly for the inferior classes of animated being. The absurdity of this universal scale of corporal sufferance on the destruction of the vital functions, cannot be rendered more striking, than by the strongly contrasted instances which Shakspeare adduces. If the beetle be but a millionth part as large as the giant, the power of sensation in the component matter of its little body must be a million times more exquisite, than that of the giant, or the great poet's doctrine is incorrect. I know of no evidence that the sensibility of living matter is inversely in proportion to the tenuity of the organ; and besides, the idea is shocking, if we suppose an infinity of living atoms crushed every moment, each of which experiences a pang as great, as when a giant dies by violence. We must imagine ourselves in a world of torture, at once inevitable and useless.

Page 3

ANCHORING AND LANDING. "Hoarse o er her side the rustling cable rings; The sails are furl'd; and anchoring, round she swings: And gathering loiterers on the land discern Her boat descending from the latticed stern. 'Tis mann'd-the oars keep concert to the strand, Till grates her keel upon the shallow sand." Page 6. INFLUENCE OF COURAGE AND SUCCESS, IN A

COMMANDER.

"Still sways their souls with that commanding art
That dazzles-leads-yet chills the vulgar heart.
What is that spell, that thus his lawless train
Confess and envy-yet oppose in vain ?

What should it be? that thus their faith can bind ?
The power of Thought-the magick of the mind!
Linked with success-assumed and kept with skill,
That moulds another's weakness to his will-
Wields with their hands--but still to these unknown,
Makes even their mightiest deeds appear his own.
Such hath it been-shall be-beneath the sua
The many still must labour for the one;

Tis Nature's doom-but let the wretch who toils,
Accuse not-hate not-him who wears the spoils.
Oh! if he knew the weight of splendid chains,
How light the balance of his humbler pains!" Page 10.

CONSCIOUS DEPRAVITY, SUSPICIOUS.
"He knew himself a villain—but he deem'd
The rest no better than the thing he seem'd;
And scorn'd the best as hypocrites who hid
Those deeds the holder spirit plainly did."

REMORSE.

Is it thought this speculating on the probable sufferance of a poor bug is not very interesting; it will be found worth attention, if we leave these extreme cases, and take others more approximate. Does a small man suffer less from the loss of a limb, than a large one ? Is there then a great advantage, in being of a diminutive figure, considering the accidents to which we are all equally exposed? Undoubt-When all its elements convulsed, combin'd, edly there is; and I think this can be proved to a demonstration. It is surely less painful for the same person to suffer the amputation of a finger, than of an arm. The inference

"There is a war, a chaos of the mind,

Page 14

Lie dark and jarring with perturbed force,
And gnashing with IMPENITENT REMORSE ;
That juggling fiend-who never spake before--
But cries, "I warn'd thee!" when the deed is o'er.

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LEVITY IN DESPAIR. "Strange though it seems-yet with extremest grief Is link'd a mirth-it doth not bring reliefThat playfulness of Sorrow ne'er beguiles, And smiles in bitterness-but still it smilesAnd sometimes with the wisest and the best, Till even the scaffold echoes with their jest! Yet not the joy to which it seems akin— It may deceive all hearts, save that within." Page 58POWER AND DANGER OF WOMAN'S TEARS. "Oh! too convincing-dangerously dearIn woman's eye the unanswerable tear! That weapon of her weakness she can wield, To save-subdue-at once her spear and shieldAvoid it-Virtue ebbs and Wisdom errs, Too fondly gazing on that grief of hers! What lost a world, and bade a hero fly? The timid tear in Cleopatra's eye.

Yet be the soft triumvir's fault forgiven,

By this-how many lose not earth-but heaven!
Consign their souls to man's eternal foe,
And seal their own to spare some wanton's woe !"

ACCIDENTS OF LIFE.

Page 58.

FEW subjects are more intitled to our conor those fortuitous events, which happen withsideration and regard,than the Accidents of life, out either our knowledge or expectation. And these chances are so incidental to our nature, that in the histories of many we are surprised with a thousand uncommon and unforeseen circumstances; each treading upon the heels of another, and of which we can only see the effect, without being able to trace the cause.

If every man was to carry retrospection to his earlier days, and review also the latter stages of his journey through life, he would be astonished at the accidents he has encountered on the road; and, as he looked more cautiously into the records of memory, he would start at the recollection of dangers, which he has escaped by the most sudden turns of happy fortune, and tremble at the remembrance of miseries, which it seemed to require the intervention of a deity or a miracle to avoid.

The revolutions of Fate are indeed so various and complicated, that we can have no insurance of a moment, since it is not possible for him, who now revels in the joyousness of health, and whose cheeks bloom with the ruddiest roses of life, to ascertain that the breath, which now imbibes the balm of the morning, shall not desert its station in his body, before, the setting of the sun since innumerable whirls may possibly happen,to sweep him from existence, within the narrow limits of a day. In less time than that in which the sun performs his circuit, battles have been decided,by the blood of thousands on one hand, and nations have been sold by avaricious stratagem on the other; cities have been sacked, and kingdoms capitulated; the wretch has been elated from despair to extasy, and the happy have been overwhelmed in sudden anguish. It would indeed fill the soul with accumulated

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horror, were we to consider the havock that
may possibly happen, in the course of twenty-
four hours, among the hopes of human nature.
To reflect, how momentously the schemes of
the libertine and the statesman, and the fairy
expectations of felicity and grandeur, are blast-
ed or destroyed! How some are circumvent-
ed by death, and some by the treachery of man,
while others resign the hopes of an intemper-
ate imagination to the numbing power of de-
crepitude or age. He who is, in the present
instant, employing his intellectual powers to
elucidate the understanding of others, in the
next may be deprived of every capacity to in-
struct, and want that reason himself, the use
of which he before taught to his friends:
"From Marlborough's eyes the streams of dotage flow,
"And Swift expired a driv'ler and a shew."

DR. JOHNSON.

Such reflections will strikingly impress us with a manifest assurance of our own imbecility, and of the brevity of life; it will repress the towerings of ambition, stifle the swellings of opinion, and silence the clamours of discontent. In the silent conviction of these important truths, in this manner may the conscious creature argue with himself:

"I am now alive, and rejoicing in the vivacity of health; I am in the blossom of youth, and in the summer of human life. Yet let me not presume on such advantages, since they are all dependent on the will of Heaven, and subservient to vicissitude and change; youth has no exemption from the invasions of misery or the darts of death, and the spirits, which occasion my gaiety, may in a moment yield to the attack of innumerable natural distempers, sink by depression, or languish by sickness : the health which now flushes my cheek, and the tide which enriches my heart, are obedient to a capricious pulse, which disease may alarm, pain enfever, and the extremities either of joy or sorrow discompose. I am a being of complicated weaknesses: my passions may counteract the designs for which they were implanted; and my powers, by sinking too meanly, or soaring too rashly, may again mingle me with the earth."

A man, sensible of his own insufficiency, will not suffer such arguments to be long absent from his mind; they will recur to him, as the salutary principles and exercises of his duty; and, being improved into an habit, they will attend him to his pillow, and be called in to close the day.

In the moment of trial, when passions inflame, desires solicit, and temptations assail, the good man will refer to these for the power of resistance, and gladly shield his invaded virtues under their sanctuary.

In respect of accident, however, that which we call so is often the regular though mysterious design of Heaven, and chance is the invisible order of Omnipotence there is (in fact) no such thing as chance; it is an absolute misnomer in language; all is infinitive contrivance, and immense direction. The Author of Nature has indeed concealed from the curiosity, or the impertinent desires of man, such mysteries of his Providence as his wisdom judged necessary to secure his felicity, to excite his industry, and awaken his apprehension; at the same time he has bountifully revealed so much of his plan as is requisite to evince the dignity and eternity of his nature, and shew the importance of his creatures.

It is true he has denied us prescience, his own peculiar and sacred prerogative, and in the refusal of this pre-eminence his benevolence is strongly seen. A power of prophecy in man would perhaps be the most aggravated

curse of possible prediction. What in nature
(however pious our conduct or uniform our
rectitude) could equal the terror of foreseeing
the manner and the moment of our dissolu-
tion? to prognosticate the chance, by which
the limb of a friend shall be shivered away;
or to foresee the day when our babes shall
writhe in convulsions, or ourselves parch with
an inflammatory fever; and when every dear-
er relative shall sink under the shocks of some
fatal distemper.

Let us for a moment invest an human being
with this distressful superiority; and let us
suppose him the father of a family; with what
unutterable agonies does he groan? He can
with certainty look forward to the fate and
destruction of all his race; he foresees the
time when his daughter shall fall a sacrifice to
the delusions of the rake; his tender partner
be confined for a series of years to the cham-
ber of disease; his sons plunge in dissipation,
if not in debauchery; and himself expire, with-
out leisure for a groan, in apoplectick anguish.

But, to prevent the horror of a scene like this, Providence has kindly thrown an impenetrable veil over all but the page prescribed, our present state.

An universal uncertainty of human concerns is therefore entirely necessary to remind us of our frailty, to alarm our attention to that solemn hour, when every work of this world shall "be done away," and to limit the excursions of our fancy, that, as we are ignorant how or when we shall die, we may learn early to live a life of preparation.

Since then we are convinced, by more than the experience of a thousand years, that a moment may render useless the toils of an age, and that the wing of fate may brush every insignificance away, such convictions may point out to us the duty of exerting ourselves, with resolute industry, to perpetuate our memory, and leave for the use of posterity some laudable testimonials of our genius, benevolence, or application. The same certainty will also whisper humility to presumption, and hope to distress; for it perhaps often happens that insolent prosperity is sacrificed to supply the deficiencies of modest want.

There is no contemplation, at the same time,
so soothing and stupendous, as on the secret
and supernatural means by which we are pre-
served from the crush of surrounding disas
ters; especially, as from the exquisite me-
chanism of our bodies, and the still finer for-
mation of our souls, it seems almost a miracle
that every ungentler motion does not relax
some organ of sense or spring of life, or that
some wheel in the natural machine is not
strained into disorder. Yet, such is the nicety
of our contexture, that we see multitudes of
those, who from their infancy have bathed their
brows in drudgery, and encountered the storm
and hurricanes of life, wearing out their
strength in slow and gradual decay, till they
sink at last, with the weight of years, in perfect
sanity to the grave.

I do not know any thing which so strongly
marks the Divine character; for, as he has
laid us open to the power of what must of
consequence appear to us under the disguise
of accident, he has with equal beneficence
shielded us from them, when it was consistent
with his plan to spare.-It ought not therefore
to be a means to frighten any man either from
the pleasure or the business of life, because
his being is held upon a precarious tenure,
since every circumstance passes under the in-
spection of a Power that will not stamp it with
his sacred sanction, unless his authority is some
way conducive to the general felicity of hu-
man nature.
Europ. Mag.

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THE FORSAKEN MAID'S DREAM.
In one wild vision, 'midst a land unknown,
By a dark river as she sat alone,
Javan beyond the stream, dejected stood;
He spied her soon, and leap'd into the flood:
The thwarting current urg'd him down its course,
But love repell'd it with victorious force;
She ran to help him landing, where at length
He struggled up the bank with tailing strength;
She caught his hand ;—when downward from the day,
A water monster dragg'd the youth away.
She follow'd headlong, but her garments bore
Her form, light floating, till she saw no more.
MONTGOMERY'S World before the Flood

EPIGRAM.

As gallant Edward, in a lively freak
Kiss'd antient Margaret (for the dame was kind)
He found, although the rose had left her cheek,
The thorn upon her chin remain'd behind.

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR

JOHN PARK,

By MUNROE & FRANCIS,
NO. 4 CORNHILL.

Price three dollars per annum, half in advance. Subscribers may be supplied with the preceding numbers.

DEVOTED TO POLITICKS AND BELLES LETTRES.

VOL. I.

POLITICAL.

FOR THE BOSTON SPECTATOR.

FRANCE.

THE time has now arrived, and we rejoice in its unexpected advent, when we can prove that we are not, and have not been actuated by any undue prejudice against the French nation. We feel and cheerfully profess a lively satisfaction at the prospect of happiness, which now opens upon this great people. Na tions like individuals have their characteristick faults the French are ambitious, and, under all sorts of government, ever disposed to aggrandize themselves by political intrigue. Of this, we cannot expect that they are cured; it is a disposition which would probably never end, but with their extirpation, and that is neither practicable nor desirable. Providence, by the full swing of their predominant vice, has reduced them to such a situation, that they will not soon be able to disturb the peace o other states, unless internal corruption pave the way for this influence; and the same Providence has left the other nations of Europe to undergo such a scene of discipline, from their want of political virtue and firmness, that the governments of the continent are meliorated, and their subjects instructed in the duties and advantages of patriotism.

Louis the Eighteenth has agreed with his people on an excellent constitution. His long, residence in England has afforded him a field of observation, which he seems to have improved like a wise statesman, and a virtuous sovereign. He has there seen that a people may be free-their rights secured by lawtheir prosperity the dearest charge of the Prince, without derogating from the dignity of the monarch. As the harbinger of his return to his distressed and exhausted subjects, and of the felicity which they may anticipate, he has, voluntarily, without the least requisition or suggestion, that we can discover, proposed to them the outlines of the BRITISH CONSTITU TION for their adoption!* This, it must be confessed, is a vast improvement on the ancien régime, and what Frenchmen will more strongly feel, compared to their situation either under the name of Republick or the unqualified and inexorable despotism of Bonaparte, it will be a new existence.

Some, who have been the eulogists and partizans of France, through all the infamous conduct of her cut-throat rulers and insolent tyrant, though blasted in all their hopes and predictions, now attempt to conceal their mortification, by expressing their approbation of this new government, and, with an absurdity, equalled only by its impudence and falsehood, assert that this great national blessing is the work of the Corsican usurper! As well might we be

The whole substance of the Constitution, as drawn up in form by the provisional government, will be found in the speech of the Count d'Artois, which be gives as previously authorised by his brother, the King. Besides this, as the provisional government was constituted at the request of the Allies in possession of Paris, and acting in concert with the King,there can be no doubt, but the whole system had been suggested to them as his wish. It would otherwise be very sin gular, that there should be such perfect concert between his intentions and the result of the deliberations of the provisional government.

BOSTON, SATURDAY, JUNE 11, 1814.

required to thank and adore Satan, who seduced and tyrannized over mankind, for the glorious plan of redemption. Far be it from me to intimate any analogy in the merits or importance of the events, but the parallel in reasoning is perfect.

It is neither true that the object of the French people, when they murdered the good Louis XVI., nor of Bonaparte, when he dissolved the directory and drove the legislative body from their seats, at the point of the bayonet, have been accomplished, by the present establishment of a limited monarchy. The former swore eternal enmity to monarchy, and voluntarily submitted to all the horrors of democracy, until Bonaparte took the command, and placed upon their necks the yoke of military despotism. His usurped power was exercised with progressive cruelty, until his insatiable ambition roused all Europe against him, and at last the allied armies entered France in triumph, occupied the capital, and banished the despot. By destroying the armies of Bonaparte, Frenchmen have been magnanimously liberated; by the generosity of their King, shackled by no condition whatever, they are offered a free government, which, having amply experienced the folly and madness of their whole revolutionary scheme, they will undoubtedly accept. What stupid folly to pretend, that, in this compact between the resored king and the people, the exiled emperor had a voice! He has gone, sorely against his will, bearing with him the execrations of all the world, except of his minions, the democrats of our country.

We have said that France is now favoured with a constitution of government, resembling, in its outlines, the features of British freedom. At present, however, it loses much in the comparison, and leaves her liberty less secure. It wants that excellent regulating powIt wants that excellent regulating power, which is found in England in a hereditary nobility, constituting a permanent branch of the legislature. A monarch and an entirely popular legislature is not a well balanced government. One or the other will inevitably preponderate, in the course of its operation, when it may become a democracy or a despotism. As it is impossible to divest human beings of that strongest of all human propensities, self-love, that system is the most perfect, which makes this passion, so hostile to publick liberty, neutralize itself. Where a nobility is established, constituting a part of the legislature, it is their interest to give their weight to the popular branch of the government, if the influence of the crown threatens to become too powerful; for an ambitious mon arch will ever be found more jealous of aristocratick, than of popular consequence. On the other hand, popular ascendancy, over regal power, tends to destroy all artificial distinctions in society-a nobility therefore is a safeguard against levelism and anarchy, and becomes a shield to the dignity of the monarch, when it is assailed. As I am now only speaking of the apparent defect in the French constitution, as published, it is not necessary to shew how the other two branches respectively operate in preserving the balance, and preventing abuse or assumption, in either of the divisions of power.

NO. XXIV.

It is not improbable that a third intermediate estate will be yet established, in the new government. The materials are ready, but their heterogeneous quality presents an obstacle, which it will require some ingenuity to remove-an ancient and an upstart class of noblesse. To this difficulty alone, we presume, it was owing, that Louis has not offered to his people, at once, the most perfect plan that human wisdom ever devised, or experience recommended.

Before we close these remarks, it may not be unnecessary to guard against a misconstruction of our political sentiments, with respect to the government of our own country. It will be said by cavillers that we are recommending an ORDER OF NOBILITY, and are desirous to see it recognized in the constitution of the United States. This is far from true ; it would be the madness of folly to think of such an innovation. There can be no House of Lords in any country, unless constituted by a natural, acknowledged aristocracy, or appointed by a military despot. The perfection of the British constitution has grown out of a state of society, which has subsisted for many centuries. We must struggle on, with our parties and our factions--our checks and balances on parchment, and our total want of them in practice. All power, among us, comes from the pople, and the best way to get it is not unfreqtly to cajole and deceive them. They will bear almost any abuse of power thus obtained. But were we all to feel and regret the evils, which attend our system, we cannot have a better, for the materials do not exist, and cannot be fabricated. We are a new people-all started together in the race of competition for distinction but thirty eight years ago; and none have yet so distanced their companions, that a line can be drawn, to the propriety of which the whole community would assent.

Until after the above remarks were written and in type, we were under, an erroneous impression, as to the new French con. stitution, from having before us a paper containing an imperfect sketch of its plan, in which the hereditary, aristocratick character of the Senate was carefully kept out of sight. We now find that what is technically called the Legislative Body, which is a House of Commons, is the only elective branch. That the old and new Nobility are to constitute a body of legislative peers, whose honours and functions are hereditary. The whole system, therefore, which has been so warmly recommended in some of our democratick papers, is modelled upon the British constitution. It only remains now to be ascertained by experience, whether such a popular form of government as the British, is adapted to the French character.

We take the liberty to republish an editorial article. from the Repertory, written by the present editor of this paper, about seven years ago. We ask the privilege of this satisfaction, because such speculations were at that time, and have been ever since, sneered at by the advocates of French despotism among us, as ridiculous and visionary.

"SINCE France began her career of aggrandizement, which has terminated in the subjugation of continental Europe, the many hun

dreds of thousands who have perished in aiding or resisting its progress afford a subject of regretful reflection to the humane mind. There are but few so callous to the natural philanthropy of the human soul, as to contemplate the sacrifice of numberless hosts of fellow mortals, and all the concomitant scenes of misery produced by this sanguinary triumph of ambition, without sensations revolting and pa nul. Yet, when we see France the empress of all the kingdoms, states, and republicks of Europe, and satiated with the blood of those who struggled to maintain their freedom, it is the most melancholy reflection of all, that the tragedy is but half completed. In many ages there does not appear but one Bonaparte, and no one less than Bonaparte can preserve the integrity of that immense empire he has formed. That consolidation of nations, which he has effected, is a forced state of things. Ir CANNOT AND WILL NOT ENDURE. There is perhaps no strong reason to assert that it will not exist, while he remains to direct and control. But his creatures will owe no allegiance nor gratitude to his successor; and though the sword destroy forms of government, it does not materially change the long established habits of nations, nor those relations which nature has founded. The Emperor Napoleon, with all his power, cannot make all Europe Frenchmen. Spaniards, Germans, Dutchmen, and Prussians will still feel that they are a distinct people and for one nation to be voluntarily in a state of perpetual dependence on another, is not in the nature of man.

Arguing therefore from the experience of former ages, from the constitution of the human mind, the time will come when the strides of Gallick power must all be retraced. The time will come, when he who may sit on the throne of France will not have the capacity, like Bonaparte, to preserve her sway.

But what monarch ever contracted his empire but from necessity ?-Where the capacity to rule may be deficient, lust of power and personal pride will prompt the future Emperour of France to maintain his ascendancy. Nations will throw off the yoke; but, as the present state of things has resulted from the hard earned triumphs of a despot's subjects over people struggling to retain their independence, so their independence will never be reestablished, unless human nature change, but by successful triumphs of people struggling to be free, over their enslavers. The battles of Marengo, Austerlitz, Eylau, and Friedland must be fought over again.

For this reason, the success of Bonaparte's arms, his monstrous extent of domination, which every man must know cannot be perpetual, must sicken every heart, that does not delight in the perspective of incalculable misery and carnage!

Yet-Heaven forgive the unfeeling depravity of man!-there are beings who call themselves human, who rejoice in every conquest of this Alexander, as though the consequences would be everlasting peace and happiness."

FROM the manner in which the liberation of the world from French tyranny will be received in this country, we may form some opinion whether there is or is not room to hope, that our folly is approaching the end of its career, and that we are preparing ourselves for the return of prosperity, by resuming the exercise of our senses. How far Great Britain will be disposed to indulge a just resentment for the baseness of our government, in aiding her deadly foe to crush her, we cannot determine. Every honest man, I think, will confess, she has

the 10th and 11th of April, in which the former was victorious and took Toulouse.

London was illuminated three nights in succession, in consequence of the ever memorable events, which have occurred in France. Messrs. Bayard and Gallatin arrived in Engfand, on the 8th of April..

The American frigate John Adams, with Messrs Clay and Russel on board, has arrived at Gottenburg.

had serious provocation, and I should imagine every man of sense would perceive, that to bristle up, now, when we are left alone, and sullenly to repress our joy at an event, which is certainly of immense benefit to us, merely because it leaves her independent and secure, would neither display a very noble spirit on our part, nor tend to conciliate her friendship. It is for correct men throughout the United States to show, to the uttermost of their power, how many are correct, how many are opposed to the foolish and wicked policy of our government in making common cause with Napolean Bonaparte; how many exult in the destruction of his tyranny; how many hail the return of a A party of 300 men and six officers, Engpacifick government in France, and the trium-lish, have been taken at Sandy creek. phant close of Great Britain's magnanimous Commodore McDonnough is with his contest for the general cause of human free-squadron on lake Champlain, off Plattsburg. dom. How many are untouched by the unfriendly, malignant spirit which our rulers have displayed; how many desire and fondly anticipate a peace, just in its principles, and honourable to the nation, though disgraceful to the able to the nation, though disgraceful to the authors of the war.

This first step is certainly due to ourselves. Be just and fear not. It may produce much good, it can do no harm. If any exigency should unfortunately require that t the whole energy of the country should be brought into defensive operation against Great Britain, it will be favourable to our cause, and a consolation in the trial, that we have acquitted our selves with individual integrity, and discharged our consciences.

Such an evil we do not yet apprehend, though some alarms have been circulated. We undoubtedly can provoke Great Britain to exert the utmost of her power; but we see no reason to expect she will require more than the relinquishment of those new claims whieh the present administration made the PRETEXT for

war.

It is suggested that she may deny us those privileges for our fisheries, which we obtained by the treaty of peace. The suggestion is thought to be countenanced by the memorial of the Newfoundlanders. The London merchants memorialized the government, and used very powerful means, to prevent our vessels going to France and other parts of the continent, under Erskine's unauthorised arrangement; but they did not succeed. The inhabitants of Jamaica, and various portions of British colonists not unfrequently petition in favour of their local interests; and the government accords or not, according to its sense of justice and sound policy. They will do so now. But the consequences of the French revolution, and of French ambition directed by Bonaparte, have hurried us into calamities more serious than any we can apprehend. Our salvation has come; let us be grateful to that Providence which delivers us from evil, while we endeavour to destroy ourselves. Let the great allied powers of Europe hear the voice of congratulation from the shores of America.

DOMESTICK. The Hon. CHRISTOPHER GORE has been reelected Senator in the Congress of the United States, from Massachusetts, for six years.

A solemn RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL will soon be observed in this town, in gratitude to the ALMIGHTY RULER OF NATIONS, for his mercy in liberating the world fron the most cruel and destructive Tyranny that ever wasted human life or desolated the face of the earth.

Fifty-nine British prisoners near Chilicothe have been ordered by Mr. Madison, into close confinement. Fresh irritation.

On Thursday last was deposited, with appropriate ceremonies, in the north-east corner of the "Church Green," in Summer-Street, a PLATE with a Latin inscription, of which the following is a translation :

A CHURCH

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LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR THE BOSTON SPECTATOR.

THE CONFIDANT, No. X. "Every thing by turns, and nothing long," Ir is a part of the national policy and religion of India, which has prevailed at least for some thousands of years, not only that every man shall be restricted, as long as he lives, to the exercise of that occupation with which he shall begin active life, but that every individual, generation after generation and century af ter century, shall follow exclusively the occupation of his father. Absurd as such a regulation may appear to us, there have been both philosophers and statesmen, who have thought it favourable to the happiness and prosperity of society. "When every man," says Dr. Robinson," is at full liberty to direct his efforts towards those objects and that end, which the impulse of his own mind prompts him to prefer, he may be expected to attain that high degree of eminence to which the uncontrolled exertions of genius and industry naturally conduct. The regulations of Indian policy with respect to the different orders of men must necessarily, at some times, check genius in its career, and confine, to the functions of an infe rior cast, talents fitted to shine in a higher sphere. But the arrangements of civil government are made, not for what is extraordina The courier which was sent to announce the peace, in the south of France, being detain- the many. The object of the first Indian lery, but what is common; not for the few, but ed on the road, a bloody battle took place begislators was to employ the most effectual tween Lord Wellington and Marshal Soult on means of providing for the subsistence, the se

GENERAL REGISTER.

BOSTON, SATURDAY, JUNE 11, 1814.

EUROPEAN. A few further particulars are received. Bonaparte left Fontainbleau for his place of banishment on the 16th of April, guarded by 1500 men from the allied army, commanded by a Russian, Austrian and Prussian general, and an English colonel.

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