neries, 2 Fulling mills, 11 Grist mills, 11 Saw mills, 3 Clover mills and a small Woollen Factory. The P. O. are: Kirk's Real and Personal Estate, $444,590; Common Schools, 7. Mills, Little Britain, Oak Hill, Oak Shade and Wrightsdale. ville, Bethel, Eastland, Elim, Kinseyville, Pike's Peak, Pine Grove and Spring Hill. The following minerals are ascertained to be found in this township: Octahedral magnetic oxide of iron, on the Serpentine ridge, on Joel Jackson's farm. Massive and crystalized ferruginous oxide of chrome, or chromate of iron, occurs on a minor ridge of Serpentine, about a mile north of the main Serpentine ridge, being about two miles west of the southern western point of Chester county, on the property of McKim, Sims & Co., of Baltimore, adjoining Joel Jackson's farm. The disintegrated crystals of chromate of iron, are found coating the cavities of all the ravines made in the sides of the hill, and indicate the existence of this valuable material in quantity. Magnesite. An extensive locality of this valuable mineral occurs, forming veins in the Serpentine of considerable thickness, same locality, and is extensively quarried and manufactured by Messrs. McKim, Sims & Co., of Baltimore, into sulphate of magnesia, (epsom salts.) These gentlemen have succeeded in making a purer salt at a much less price than it can be imported, which has entirely excluded importation; and the United States are now almost entirely supplied from this establishment. Four hundred or five hundred tons of magnesite, have been obtained from this locality, and Messrs. McK. & S. manufacture 1,500,000 lbs. of Epsom salts annually. Actynolite, in green compressed crystals, in talc, Serpentine ridge, on Joel Jackson's farm. Noble Serpentine, with delicate veins of amianthus, Serpentine ridge, on Joel Jackson's farm. Chalcedony. An interesting locality of this mineral occurs near the magnesite above described, about one and a half miles distant from the celebrated locality at Rock Springs, and near the locality of magnesite and chromate of iron. MANHEIM.-Bounded N. by Warwick, E. by Upper Leacock and E. Lampeter, S. by Lancaster city and township, W. by East Hempfield. Surface, rolling; soil, limestone and clay. Area, 16,666 acres; Population in 1860, 2510; Taxables, 627; value of Real and Personal Property, $1,656,679. It contains 5 Grist and 5 Saw Mills, 2 Distilleries, 11 Hotels, 4 Stores and 13 Common Schools. The Little Conestoga flows in a Southerly course along the Western, and the Conestoga in a S. W. direction along the Eastern boundaries of the township. The Pennsylvania R. R. crosses the Southernmost extremity, and after passing through Lancaster city, traverses the S. W. part of the township, forming a bifurcation at Dillerville. P. O. at Binkley's Bridge, Landis Valley, Manheim, Neffsville and Oregon. MANOR.-Bounded N. by East and West Hempfield, E. by Lancaster and Conestoga, W. and S. W. by the Susquehannah river; centrally distant from the city of Lancaster 6 miles S. W.; greatest length and greatest breadth, about 8 miles. The Conestoga river forms the S. E. boundary, receiving from the township, the Little Conestoga, and its W. branch. Surface, hilly and rolling; soil, limestone; Area, 25,700 acres; Population in 1860, 4,619; Taxables, 1,187; value of Real and Personal Property, $2,020,769. It contains 14 Grist and 4 Saw Mills, 3 Distilleries, 8 Hotels, 5 Stores and 21 Common Schools. This township contains the borough of Washington on the Susquehanna River, the village of Millersville, where is located the State Normal School, and the most interesting historical locality in the County, the famous Indian town of Conestogo, about 7 miles distant from Lancaster City. Not a vestige of its Indian character remains, but the early annals of the county, preserved in this volume, assign to it a prominence altogether unique. The first massacre of the Conestogo Indians took place here. It is generally known as Indian Town. P. O. at Highville, Manor and Millersville. The whole of its river scenery is picturesque and grand. Manheim, Borough.-Population in 1860, 856; Taxables, 274; Value of Real and Personal Property, $157,944. About 1760 or 1761, Wilhelm Heinrich Steigel, an eccentric German, who for many years had managed the Elizabeth Iron Works, laid out this town. He bought 200 acres of land from Messrs. Stedman of Philadelphia, built a large brick house, which the simplicity of the times described as a great castle, remaining to this day, with Dutch tiles in the fire-places, and a coarse kind of German canvas tapestry hanging on the walls. It was built of imported brick and contained a pulpit in the salon. Steigel was, in turn, iron-master, glass-manufacturer, a preacher and teacher, and died in the latter capacity very poor, a special act for his relief having been passed Dec. 24, 1774. In 1762 Manheim contained 3 houses. Andrew Bartruff erected the third house. Marietta Borough.-Population in 1860, 2,186; taxables, 462; value of Real and Personal Property, $308,434. It was incorporated in 1812, and the adjoining villages of Waterford and New Haven were included in the borough. The original name of the place was Anderson's Ferry, so called after Anderson, whose farm then covered about one half of the town plot; he was a man of much enterprise and public spirit. He cut the road through the hills towards York and built extensive ferry accommodations on the opposite bank of the river; when they were finished, the bridge, projected to have been built at Marietta, was erected at Columbia, and Anderson was ruined. Marietta has a considerable trade in lumber and coal. Eagle and Donegal Furnaces are in operation close by. The principal street of the borough runs along the river and is a mile and a half long. The borough contains several churches, and has within its limits 12 Hotels and 8 Common Schools. During the British war, Jacob Grosh, in response to Governor Snyder's appeal, formed a volunteer company of 107 men. The women of Marietta assembled in a school house and made garments and knapsacks for the volunteers who thus left fully equipped for Marcus Hook. MARTIC.-Bounded N. by Pequea, N. E. by Providence, E. and S. E. by Drumore, S. and W. by the Susquehanna River, N. W. by Conestoga. Area, 31,542 acres; Population in 1860, 1780; Taxables, 482; value of Real and Personal Property, $276,506. It contains 3 Grist and 5 Saw Mills, 1 Forge, 4 Hotels, 5 Stores and 8 Common Schools. The Pequea creek flows in a S. W. course along the Northern boundary, Muddy creek on the S. E. and the Tucquan creek crosses it centrally. This township is very hilly, with fine river scenery, especially near McCall's Ferry. P. O. at Bethesda, Marticville, Mount Nebo and Rawlinsville. MOUNT JOY.-Bounded N. by Dauphin county, N. E. by Lebanon county, E. by Rapho, S. by E. Donegal, W. by W. Donegal. Area, 16,373 acres; Population in 1860, 2,760; Taxables, 566; value of Real and Personal Property, $738,186. It contains 6 Grist Mills and 1 Saw Mill, 2 Hotels, 2 Stores and 12 Common Schools. The Conewago creek flows along the N. W. border, and the little Chiquesalunga on the Eastern boundary. The Harrisburg and Lancaster R. R. skirts the twp. on the South. It contains the boroughs of Mount Joy and Elizabethtown. Mount Joy, Borough.—Area 400 acres; Population in 1860, 1,739; Taxables, 405; value of Real and Personal Property, $215,360. This place was laid out in 1812 by Jacob Rohrer and disposed of by lottery; the adjoining village of Richland, now part of the borough, was laid out a year or two later by several persons. Mount Joy is a thriving place, contains several churches, a female seminary and a boys' school. PARADISE.-Bounded N. by Leacock, E. by Salisbury, S. E. by Sadsbury, S. by Bart and Eden, W. by Strasburg, N. W. by E. Lampeter. Area, 11,986 acres: Population in 1860, 2,081; Taxables, 470; value of Real and Personal Property, $823,968. It contains 8 Grist and 4 Saw Mills, 1 Distillery, 6 Hotels, 5 Stores and 9 Common Schools. The Pequea creek, running in a Westerly direction, is the Northern boundary of this township. P. O. at Bellemonte, Kinzer's, Leaman Place and Paradise, a thriving village, originally settled by Mr. Abraham Witmer, who built a mill there; when in 1804 it was made a post-town and needed a name, Mr. Witmer remarked that to him it was a paradise, and thus it obtained its pleasant name. It contains several churches, and at present, a Soldiers' Orphan School. PENN. Bounded N. by Lebanon county, N. E. by Elizabeth, E. by Warwick, S. E. by Manheim, S. by E. Hempfield, W. by Rapho. Area, 25,342 acres; Population in 1860, 1,771; Taxables, 507; value of Real and Personal Property $911,556. It contains 5 Grist and 2 Saw Mills, 1 Distillery, 4 Hotels, 5 Stores and 9 Common Schools. The big Chiquesalunga creek skirts the Western boundary. The Reading and Columbia R. R. enters the tp. at the S. W., and crosses the Southern section; stations at Seller's and Keller's; P. O. at Penn and White Oak. PEQUEA.-Bounded N. by Lancaster tp., E. by W. Lampeter, S. E. by Providence, S. by Martic, W. by Conestoga. Area, included in Conestoga township. Population in 1860, 1,168; Taxables, 273; value of Real and Personal Property, $539,337. It contains 3 Grist and 3 Saw Mills, 2 Distilleries, 4 Hotels, 2 Stores and 6 Common Schools. The Conestoga flows along the Northern and the Pequea along the Southern boundaries. PROVIDENCE.-Bounded N. by W. Lampeter, N. E. by Strasburg, E. by Eden, S. by Drumore, W. by Martic and N. W. by Pequea. Area, included in Martic township. Population in 1860, 1,810; Taxables, 608; value of Real and Personal Property, $258.922. It contains 3 Grist and 3 Saw Mills, 6 Hotels, 4 Stores and 8 Common Schools. Big Beaver Creek, flowing along the Northeastern boundary, unites with the Pequea, which forms the N. W. boundary. P. O. at New Providence and Smithville. RAPHO.-Bounded N. by Lebanon county, E. by Penn, S. E. by E. Hempfield, S. by W. Hempfield, S. W. by E. Donegal, W. by Mount Joy. Area, 26,367 acres; Population in 1860, 3,528; Taxables, 917; value of Real and Personal Property; $1,225,301. It contains 9 Grist and 2 Saw Mills, 1 Furnace, 2 Distilleries, 4 Hotels, 3 Stores and 17 Common Schools. The little Chiquesalunga creek flows along the Western boundary in a Southerly direction and joins the big Chiquesalunga, which runs along the Eastern and Southern boundaries of the tp., near Musselman's mill at its S. W. extremity. P. O. at Mastersonville, Mount Hope, Old Line and Sporting Hill. In May, 1741, the inhabitants of the North-east part of Donegal township petitioned for the erection of a new township to be called Rapho. SADSBURY.-Bounded N. by Salisbury township, E. by Chester co., S. by Colerain township, and W. by Bart. Centrally distant S. W. from the city of Lancaster, 16 ms. Greatest length 54, greatest breadth 5 ms.; area, 12,111 acres; surface, hilly and rolling; oil, limestone and clay. Pop. in 1860, 1,739; Taxables, 905. The Octoraro creek rises near and flows along the Eastern boundary, and gives motion to three forges within the township, and one immediately below its Southern line. Mine ridge runs along the N. boundary, at the foot of which on the Wilmington and Lancaster turnpike road is a post office called the "Gap," established at the "Gap tavern.” Value of Real and Personal Property, $346,289. It contains 5 Grist and 7 Saw Mills, 3 Forges, 3 Hotels, 4 Stores and 8 Common Schools. P. O. at Christiana and Smyrna. SALISBURY.-Bounded N. by Caernarvon, E. by Chester county, S. by Sadsbury township, and W. by Paradise, Leacock and Earl townships. Centrally distant E. from Lancaster about 16 miles; greatest length 8, greatest breadth 6 miles; Area, 26,300 cres. Surface, rolling; soil, limestone; Population in 1860, 3725; Taxables, 345. It drained by the Pequea creek, upon the branches of which are several Mills and one Forge. The Welsh mountain runs along the North, and Mine ridge upon its South boundary. Value of Real and Personal Property, $1,190,015. It contains 9 Grist and 8 Saw-Mills, 1 Forge, 10 Hotels, 12 Stores and 17 Common Schools. P. O. at Cain's, Cambridge, Gap, Pequea, Salisbury and South Hermitage. STRASBURG.-Bounded N. by E. Lampeter, E. by Paradise, S. E. by Eden, S. by Providence, W. by W. Lampeter. Area, 13,698 acres; surface, hilly and rolling; soil, limestone. Population in 1860, 1,858; Taxables, 511; value of Real and Personal Property, $1,000,986. It contains 9 Grist and 4 Saw Mills, 2 Distilleries, 3 Hotels, and 8 Common Schools. The Pequea flows in a Southwesterly course along the Northern and Western, and big Beaver creek along the Southern boundaries. P. O. at Martinville and Strasburg. Strasburg, Borough.-Area, 880 acres. Population in 1860, 921; Taxables, 270; value of Real and Personal Property, $192,313. An old German settlement; a Mr. Sample, ancestor of an old Lancaster County family, was the first and only English settler at the time of the Revolution. The place was formerly known as Bettelhausen, Beggarstown. The logs for the first house were hauled by a Mr. Hoffman. The first house in Strasburg was erected in 1733. The ancient Road from Lancaster to Philadelphia ran through this place, and from it was called the Strasburg Road. The old King's Highway ran through Strasburg to the mouth of the Conestoga. It contains several churches and a branch Rail Road connects with the Pennsylvania Central R. R. at Leaman Place. WARWICK.-Bounded N. by Elizabeth, N. E. by Clay, E. by Ephrata and W. Earl; S. E. by Upper Leacock, S. by Manheim and West by Penn. Area, 11,670 acres; surface, rolling; soil, limestone, clay and gravel. Population in 1860, 3,057; Taxables, 806. Value of Real and Personal Property, $1,084,944. It contains 7 Grist and 5 Saw Mills, 2 Distilleries, 8 Hotels, 7 Stores and 10 Common Schools. The Cocalico Creek flows in a Southerly direction along the Eastern boundary. P. O. at Brunnersville, Litiz, Millway and Rothsville. The tp. received its name from Richard Carter, one of the first settlers, and first constable appointed in 1739. On the farm of Simon Hostetter, part of the old Carter tract, is a lake 200 feet in circumference, of great depth, which at one time was erroneously supposed to be bottomless. Rocks come up to the water's edge on one side, and if large stones are rolled over the rocks into the water, they may be heard for several seconds to bound from rock to rock in their descent. Litiz.-During Count Zinzendorf's visit to Lancaster county in 1743, he stayed with Mr. Jacob Huber, of Warwick township. The same evening after his arrival, he addressed the assembled neighbors. Many more would have attended, had they not been prevented by Mr. George Kline, Mr. Huber's neighbor, who made efforts to dissuade others from hearing him, and endeavored to excite unkind feelings against him; however, during the succeeding night, he became very uneasy, touching his course; his conscience told him loudly, he had not acted rightly. The following day, Count Zinzendorf went to Lancaster, where he had permission to preach in the court house. Kline followed him thither to hear him preach, and was one of his most attentive hearers. The Count's address removed all his prejudice, and made such an impression on his mind, that he, as well as some of his neighbors, requested him to visit them again, or to send them a minister who preached like him; this the Count promised to do, and immediately on his return to Bethlehem, sent the Rev. Jacob Lischy to them, with orders also to visit other pious persons, who resided in various parts of Lancaster county, whom the Count had visited previously. After that they were for a number of years visited by others from Bethlehem. Their meetings were partly held in private houses, and partly in a Lutheran church, which was built in 1741, on Mr. George Kline's land, and known as St. Jacob's church. The Reverend Theophilus Neyberg, who was ther the Lutheran minister at Lancaster, preached every four weeks in this church until 1746, when he left the Lancaster congregation, and devoted his whole attention to the Lutheran congregation in Warwick township, and finally united himself with the greater part of his flock with the Moravian Society. In 1747, they concluded to apply to the conference at Bethlehem, for an ordained minister, who would live among them, and who could attend to the spiritual affairs of their small congregation; this request was readily granted, on condition that they would provide a suitable dwelling for him and his family. As soon as Mr. George Kline heard this, he offered three and three quarter acres of land, at the lower part of his farm, for this purpose, and it was determined to build a suitable house, which might serve for a dwelling, church and school house. On the 9th of February, 1748, this house was consecrated, and on the 22d of July, following, the Rev. Leonhard Schnell moved into it, as their minister and school teacher. On the thirteenth of May following, he opened the school with four boys and three girls. This house was then known as the "Warwick Church and School House," and stood East of the present site of Litiz. In 1754 it was determined to establish a similar congregation like that at Bethlehem. Mr. George Kline being one of the most zealous members of the then but small flock, and having no heirs, offered them to accept his farm of more than six hundred acres for that purpose. This kind offer was gratefully accepted, and the title thereof transferred to the society according to law. In the spring of that year, Mr. George Kline had built a large two story stone house for a residence, which, however, he occupied but a short period, as he moved to Bethlehem, where he ended his life. This house stood until 1867, when it was taken down. In 1757, the village was laid out by the Rev. Nathaniel Seidel, and Mr. John Reuter, who were sent from Bethlehem for that purpose, and the name of Litiz was given to it, in memory of a village in Bohemia, from which the forefathers of the United Brethren had emigrated. In 1761, the present Parsonage was built, and the greater part of the upper story was dedicated as a place of worship. It was provided with a small organ, and the walls were adorned with a number of beautiful oil paintings; the works of the celebrated Hayd, representing all the most remarkable scenes of our Saviour's life. In this Hall, the congregation worshipped until the 13th of August, 1787, when the present church was consecrated. In 1762, the Warwick church and school house, was removed into the village, to serve as a dwelling and school house for the teacher, who had the charge of the school for such children as did not belong to the Society. In those days, schools were not as numerous as in our day, and there was not another school within four miles of Litiz, consequently, the children, from the adjacent country, were all sent to this school. The children of the Society had then a separate school. Among those who resided in this house, and served as teachers, the Rev. Bernhard A. Grube, deserves particular notice. It was not only the object of this good man to teach the children to read, write and cypher, but also to impress good morals on their minds, and to acquaint them with their Saviour. Various were the methods which he adopted, but one in particular we would mention: being an excellent ornamental writer, he wrote in his pupils' books, their names, adding some wish or prayer, and from time to time, he presented them with hymns of his own composition, or passages from Scripture, beautifully written. Many of these trifling presents, proved seeds sown into good ground, which grew, and have brought fruit unto salvation. To this day, there are Bibles and spelling books to be found in Warwick township, in which is found his writing, and many, who are grand, and great-grand children, of those, who, as children received his trifling presents in those long by-gone days, hold them as dear as their forefathers did. In 1771, the St. Jacob's church was taken down, and removed to the fulling mill below the village, and converted into a dwelling house, for the miller; this house stands to this day, and is at present the property of Mr. John Keller. The grave yard, which belonged to this church, is yet in existence, and is known by |