power, and state if you can the substance of the remarkable judgment passed on the character of Louis by Philip de Commines.

6. Write a short description of the life and manners in England in the time of Henry the Eighth or Queen Anne.

7. Explain the allusions in the following passages:

(a)" There was a Bishop of Winchester in King Henry the "Sixth's days. This bishop was a great man born, and did bear "such a stroke that he was able to shoulder the Lord Protector. "Well! it chanced that the Lord Protector and he fell out, and the bishop would bear nothing at all with him, but played me the satrapa; so that the Regent of France was fain to be sent for from beyond the seas to set them at one, and go between them."— Latimer's Sermons.

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(b)" While England was agitated, first by the dread of an in"vasion, and then by joy at the deliverance wrought for her by the "valour of her seamen, important events were taking place on the "Continent. On the sixth of March William had arrived at the "Hague, and had proceeded to make his arrangements for the approaching campaign. The prospect which lay before him was gloomy. The coalition of which he was the author and the chief "had during some months been in constant danger of dissolution."Macaulay.

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8. Give a sketch of the Thirty Years' War, mentioning the chief leaders on either side, and their fate.

9. Compare France under Louis the Fourteenth with England under Charles the Second and James the Second.

10. From what great Russian family did Peter the Great spring? At what period in Russian history was the first of that family raised to the throne?

11. "From Macedonia's madman to the Swede:" Illustrate this line by describing the career of Charles the Twelfth.

12. State very briefly when, and with what result, the following battles were fought:-Stamford Bridge, Evesham, Stoke, Dunbar, Sedgemoor, Morgarten, and Morat.

Questions prepared for the "Final Examination "* of Candidates for the Colonial Office.

MODERN HISTORY.

1. What causes led to the revival of the spirit of commerce in the middle ages? Where was it first developed?

2. What was the origin of standing armies, and what made them general throughout Europe?

3. Give a sketch of the political state of Europe in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

4. What was the origin of the Thirty Years' War? Mention the names of the principal leaders engaged in it, and the terms of the treaty by which it was concluded.

* See p. 3.

5. When did the French monarchy first become powerful in Europe?

Trace its growth.

6. Give the date and circumstances of the "Sicilian Vespers."

7. What is the Salic Law? In what countries has it been accepted? Mention instances in which it has operated.

8. What were the objects of the League of Cambray, the Partition Treaty, the Edict of Nantes, the Treaty of Tilsit?

9. Write a short biography of the following persons :-Lorenzo de' Medici, Cardinal Ximenes, Mirabeau, Washington, Frederic the Great.

10. Mention the dates, the names of the commanders on each side, and the political results of the following battles :- Rocroi, Nancy, Pavia, Lutzen, Fontenay, Jena.

11. What were the principal causes of the French Revolution?

BRITISH HISTORY.

1. Explain briefly how the political and social state of England was affected, (1) by the Crusades; (2) by the wars of the Roses.

2. Mention any instances of struggles in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries, between the ecclesiastical and civil powers in England, and state what measures were taken to control the former.

3. State distinctly the claims of the different aspirants to the throne of Scotland on the death of the Maid of Norway. Under what pretext did Edward I. of England interfere?

4. Mention in chronological order the principal rebellions in Ireland, and how they were suppressed.

5. Why is the reign of Henry VII. an important epoch in English history? Contrast the present extent of the royal authority with its extent at that period.

6. Sketch briefly the causes which led to the Rebellion in England. 7. Give a short account of the following eminent persons:-Humphrey of Gloucester, Sir Thomas More, Anselm, Lord Peterborough, Stephen Langton, Prince Eugene.

8. Give the dates, the names of the commanders on each side, and the results, of the following battles:-Stoke, Homildon Hill, Lincoln, Killicrankie, Pinkie, Towton, and Prestonpans.

9. How far was the origin of the several States of North America in each case connected with religious or political causes at home?

10. When did England acquire possession of Malta, Gibraltar, Ceylon, Jamaica, New York, Aden, and Canada; and from whom were they taken respectively?

Give an account of the manner in which one of these was acquired. 11. Enumerate the dependencies now administered through the Colonial Office by distinct subordinate governments.

12. Write a short history of British India from the beginning of the present century, with the dates of the principal battles, and the names of the generals engaged in them.

Questions set to Candidates for the Situation of Unpaid Attache; who are required to show "a general Knowledge of Modern History, since the Year 1789."

Note. The text-books prescribed are "the fourth volume of Russell's Modern Europe, and so much of Heeren's Historical Manual of the Political System of Europe and its Colonies as treats of History since the year 1789."

1. What was the political creed of the Montagnards? Why were they so called? Give a brief sketch of the lives and characters of some of the leading men among them.

2. Describe the course of events in France from the opening of the StatesGeneral to the taking of the Bastille.

3. Give some account of the celebrated retreat of Moreau in 1796. 4. Important European treaties were made in the following years, 1795, 1807, and 1814; mention the powers which concurred in them, and the principal articles of agreement.

5. With what events in Switzerland is the name of D'Erlach connected? 6. Sketch the political state of Europe in 1808.

7. Give the dates, and state briefly the circumstances under which the following battles were fought :-Millesimo, Tudela, Bautzen, Fuentes d'Onor, Assi, Aschaffenberg, Borodino.

8. Who were the following persons? Mention when and where they flourished, and the most important facts connected with them:Jourdan, Carnot, Brissot, Marshal Berthier, Marshal Radetzky, Prince Bagration, Barthélemy, Pichegru, Runjeet Singh, Brueys, Dost Mohammed, Hoffer.

9. What alterations have been made in the Government and Constitution (1) of Sardinia, (2) of Savoy, in the present century?

10. Give the dates of the Repeal of the Test and Corporation Act, the Bank Charter Act, and the Reform Bill.

Enumerate very briefly the chief provisions of these enactments. 11. What was the Constitution of the Canadas established in 1791? Mention the most important alterations which have been subsequently introduced.

Another paper:

1. Give a list of the ministries which held office in England successively between 1789 and 1820.

2. What obstacles arose in carrying out the provisions of the peace of Amiens? How long did it continue? By whom was war again declared, and on what grounds?

3. Point out any permanent traces of Napoleon's conquests still existing on the map of Europe.

4. Give some account of the following congresses and conferences, stating when they took place, what powers were represented, and what were the results-Erfurt, Presburg, Pilnitz, Rastadt, Vienna.

5. Who were the following persons? Mention the most important facts connected with them:-Vergniaud, George Cadoudal, Argenteau, Edmund Burke, Dom Pedro, Kutusoff, Casimir Perrier.

6. When and under what circumstances did Prussia become a kingdom? Trace the rise of her power as a state. On what occasions has she either made important acquisitions or sustained material losses of territory?

7. Mention in order the most memorable engagements which took place in the Peninsular war, and describe any one of them minutely. 8. Write a short account of the Revolution in Belgium in 1830.

Another paper:

1. Make a sketch of the political state of Europe (1) in 1807, (2) in 1830. 2. Who were the parties to the Quadruple Alliance in 1814? Where was it signed, and what were its provisions?

What was the Holy Alliance, and why so called?

3. State briefly, with dates, the circumstances with which the following battles were fought, the names of the commanders on each side, and the results:-Amberg, Busaco, Meeanee, Jemappes, Maida, Wurtzburg, Millesimo.

4. What are the colonial possessions at present (1) of Portugal, (2) of Denmark?

Mention when and from whom they were acquired.

5. Important European treaties were made in the following years, 1795, 1797, 1814. Mention the powers which concurred in them, and the principal articles of agreement.

6. Who were the following persons? Mention the most important facts connected with them:-Junot, Carnot, Ney, Danton, Godoy, Prince Bagration, Lord Castlereagh.

7. Write a short account of the struggle in Germany in 1848, and of its political results.

8. Give the dates of the Repeal of the Test and Corporation Act, the Bank Charter Act, and the Reform Bill.

Enumerate very briefly the chief provisions of these enactments.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND AND THE CONSTITUTION. Questions set to Candidates for the Situation of Clerk in the Parliament Office or House of Commons.

1. Describe shortly the principal political events which occurred between the execution of Charles the First and the assumption of the Protectorate by Cromwell.

2. What is the constitutional position of the cabinet council?

3. Under what limitations were the regal powers exercised by the Prince Regent during the mental incapacity of George III.?

4. What are the privileges of the House of Commons in regard to moneybills?

5. When the House of Commons and the House of Lords disagree as to amendments introduced into a bill by one or other of them, what course has to be pursued?

6. What was the nature of the claim to the English Crown advanced by or on behalf of the following persons: -(1) Perkin Warbeck, (2) Lady Jane Grey, (3) Mary Queen of Scots, (4) the Duke of Monmouth?

Another paper:

1. Enumerate the leading English statesmen in the reign of William III., and write a short account of the life and character of any two of them.

2. Divide English history, since the Conquest, into periods, and state the grounds of your division.

3. What claims had Henry VII., James I., and George I., to the English throne? What European sovereigns were contemporary with any of them?

4. State when the following measures were enacted, and discuss briefly their social and political effect:-The Habeas Corpus Act, Poyning's Law, the Self-denying Ordinance, the Test Act.

5. When and under what circumstances were the following battles fought? Mention the names of the commanders on each side:- Shrewsbury, Hexham, Lincoln, Pinkie, Dettingen, Vittoria, Lexington, Flodden. 6. In whose reign did the following persons flourish, and for what were they famous respectively?-Lord Hastings, Lord Peterborough, Marquis of Montrose, Protector Somerset, Milton, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester.

7. Trace the rise and progress of the power of the British Parliament, noticing the most important changes which have from time to time been introduced into its constitution.

HISTORY OF INDIA.

Questions set to Candidates for the India House.

1. When was the Mogul dynasty established? Mention, with dates, the names of some of the most distinguished of the great Moguls.

2. What was the first origin of the East India Company? When did it first establish itself in India? Describe its gradual extension. 3. What important measures in reference to the government of India were introduced in the years 1773, 1784, 1833, respectively?

4, On what occasions has the city of Delhi been taken and plundered? 5. Who were the following persons, mention when and where they flourished, and the most important facts connected with them? Hyder Ali, Sivajee, Akhbar Khan, Runjeet Singh, Scindiah, Holkar, Sir William Macnaghten, Sir Eyre Coote.

6. What are the principal sources of the revenue of British India? How is the land-tax assessed? What was the zemindaree settlement established by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 ?

7. Mention the date and the occasions on which the following battles were fought, and their results:-Moodkee, Plassy, Chillianwallah, Ghuznee, Buxar, Prome, Ferozeshah.