98

CIVIL ENGINEERING-VOLUNTARY EXAMINATION.

another similar ball moving at the rate of 1 foot per second, determine their motions after impact, their elasticity being.

6. Describe and explain the principle of Bramah's press, and for any given machine calculate the mechanical advantage.

7. Explain, by a figure or otherwise, how the length of the day at a place varies, and how it is that the sun does not always rise and set at the same points of the horizon.

8. Give an explanation of the tides, and account for spring and neap tides. Can you mention any local tidal peculiarities?

9. How would the present arrangement of the seasons be affected if the earth's axis

(1) Were perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic?

(2) Retaining its parallelism, were in the plane of the ecliptic ?

(3) Pointed always towards the sun?

10. Explain what is meant by the term refraction. What effect does it produce upon

(1) The apparent position of a star?

(2) The horizontal diameter of the sun or moon?

(3) The vertical diameter ?

11. When light is incident on glass, into what portions is it divided? State the laws of reflection and refraction. Can you give any account of the two great hypotheses which have been framed to account for the phenomena of light?

12. Describe Herchel's telescope, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Trace the course of a pencil of rays through it from an external point to the eye.

13. Coal has sometimes been accounted for as the result of drift by water of masses of vegetable matter, sometimes as an accumulation of such matter by growth in situ. What hypotheses do these views involve, and what circumstances lend probability to each view? 14. What are the usual characteristics of a mineral vein? How far is its wealth found to depend on the rock it traverses? Describe the methods adopted by the practical miner for the discovery of a lode. 15. State the law of multiple proportions, and illustrate it by means of the oxides of (1) sulphur, (2) carbon, (3) iron.

16. Show how to test a solution for silver, soda, and arsenic.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

Used in a Voluntary Examination.

1. Describe what is meant by parallel motion in machinery.

2. Explain the principle upon which Nasmyth's steam hammer is designed.

3. Explain the principles upon which Bramah's hydraulic press is designed.

4. State what considerations limit the thickness of metal in a cylindrical

hydraulic press.

5. Explain the principles of the construction of a Cornish engine.

6. Define the term "horse-power."

7. What is Tredgold's rule for the dimensions of safety-valves in lowpressure engines?

8. The diameter of the cylinder of a locomotive engine is 16 inches, the length of stroke 21 inches, the driving-wheel is 6 feet in diameter. What would be the force applied at the circumference of the wheel when worked to a pressure of 100 lbs. per square inch?

9. State the object of the variable cut off, and of the link motion in highpressure engines.

10. Describe a Daniel's constant battery, and a Smee's battery.

11. What is an amalgamated zinc plate, and how is it prepared? 12. Show the general expression for the force of a voltaic current in a circuit in terms of the "electro-motive power of each element, the No. of elements, the resistance of the liquid, the distance between the plates, and their sectional area, the length of the connecting wire, and its sectional area."-OLAM'S Law.

13. Describe the principles upon which Cooke and Wheatstone's needle instrument is founded.

14. Describe the principles upon which Morse's instrument is founded. 15. Explain the meaning of the term induced currents.

Set to a Candidate for the Admiralty,

WHO BEING REQUIRED TO SHOW SOME PROFICIENCY IN A SUBJECT COMPRISED UNDER ONE AT LEAST OF THE FOLLOWING HEADS:

(1) LATIN, OR A MODERN LANGUAGE; (2) THE LEADING POINTS OF ENGLISH OR MODERN HISTORY; (3) ALGEBRA, EUCLID, OR ANY BRANCH OF MATHEMATICS OR SCIENCE," ELECTED TO BE EXAMINED IN CIVIL ENGINEERING as a BRANCH OF SCIENCE.

1. A beam of white pine timber, 14 inches deep, is placed on two supports 14 feet apart. A weight of 6 tons is applied at the centre. What should be the breadth of the beam to allow a deflection of th of an inch to the foot?

N.B. The constant for white pine being 0125.

2. What is the meaning of the term "horse power?" what is meant by the "duty" of a steam-engine.

And explain

3. What is the use of the indicator-card, and how is it applied?

4. What is the use of the air-pump in a condensing engine?

5. What are the principles which guide engineers in designing furnaces adapted to consume smoke?

6. Describe the several indices which are in use for exhibiting pressure

in boilers.

7. What is meant by parallel motion?

8. A cylindrical boiler is required to be constructed 3 ft 6 in. in diameter, capable of resisting 100 lbs. pressure per square inch. Assuming the tenacity of iron to be 5 tons per square inch, what should be the thickness of the plates?

(The ends need not be considered.)

LANGUAGES.

GREEK.

Translation from Greek may be selected as a branch of Examination by Candidates for the

Colonial Office.

Ecclesiastical Commission.

Department of Science and Art.
Board of Trade.

PASSAGES GIVEN TO BE TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH.

Τῷ δὲ Δημοσθένει τοιόνδε τι οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παρήνουν, ὅπερ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἀναδιδάσκοντες αὐτὸν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ὡς εἴη ῥᾳδία ἡ αἵρεσις ἶναι ἐκέλευον ὅτι τάχιστα ἐπὶ τὰς κώμας, καὶ μὴ μένειν ἕως ἂν ξύμπαντες ἀθροισθέντες ἀντιτάξωνται, τὴν δ ̓ ἐν ποσὶν ἀεὶ πειρᾶσθαι αἱρεῖν. ὁ δὲ τούτοις τε πεισθεὶς καὶ τῇ τύχῃ ἐλπίσας, ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτῷ ἐναντιοῦτο, τοὺς Λοκροὺς οὐκ ἀναμείνας οὓς αὐτῷ ἔδει προσβοηθῆσαι (ψιλῶν γὰρ ἀκοντιστῶν ἐνδεὴς ἦν μάλιστα) ἐχώρει ἐπὶ Αἰγιτίου, καὶ κατὰ κράτος αἱρεῖ ἐπιών. ὑπέφευγον γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ἐκάθηντο ἐπὶ τῶν λόφων τῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως· ἦν γὰρ ἐφ ̓ ὑψηλῶν χωρίων, ἀπέχουσα τῆς θαλάσσης ὀγδοήκοντα σταδίους μάλιστα. οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ (βεβοηθηκότες γὰρ ἤδη ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ Αἰγίτιον) προσέβαλλον τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις καὶ τῆς ξυμμάχοις καταθέοντες ἀπὸ τῶν λόφων ἄλλοι ἄλλοθεν, καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον, καὶ ὅτε μὲν ἐπίοι τὸ τῶν ̓Αθηναίων στρατόπεδον, ὑπεχώρουν, ἀναχωροῦσι δὲ ἐπέκειντο· καὶ ἦν ἐπὶ πολὺ τοιαύτη ἡ μάχη, διώξεις τε καὶ ὑπαγωγαὶ, ἐν οἷς ἀμφοτέροις σσους ἦσαν οἱ ̓Αθηνᾶιοι.

Μέχρι μὲν οὖν οἱ τοξόται εῖχόν τε τὰ βέλη αὐτοῖς καὶ οἷοί τε ἦσαν χρῆσθαι, οἱ δὲ ἀντεῖχον· τοξευόμενοι γὰρ οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ, ἄνθρωποι ψιλοί, ἀνεστέλλοντο ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῦ τε τοξάρχου ἀποθανόντος οὗτοι διεσκεδάσθησαν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐκεκμήκεσαν ἐπὶ πολὺ τῷ αὐτῷ πόνῳ ξυνεχόμενοι, οἵ τε Αἰτωλοὶ ἐνέκειντο καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον, οὕτω δή τραπόμενοι ἔφευγον, καὶ ἐσπίπτοντες ἔς τε χαράδρας ἀνεκβάτους καὶ χωρία ὧν οὐκ ἦσαν ἔμπειροι διεφθείροντο· καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἡγεμὼν αὐτοῖς τῶν ὁδῶν, Χρόμων ὁ Μεσσήνιος, ἐτύγχανε τεθνηκώς.—THUCYDIDES.

Homer:

Iliad, ix. 182-204.

ix. 620-642.

Other papers:—

x. 143-167.

Thucydides :

Lib. iv. cap. 21, 22.

Lib. iv. cap. 78 (το δρόμῳ).

Sophocles :-Ajax, 845-865.

Euripides : Electra, 610-635.

PASSAGES GIVEN TO BE TRANSLATED INTO GREEK.

Translation into Greek is not prescribed for any office, but is introduced in those competitive Examinations of which Greek forms a part.

"The chief reason that induced me to enter upon this subject is the observation I have made, of the many fallacies and circumventions in the world, especially in servants towards their masters; and I have always found that proud and stately princes who will hear but few are more liable to be imposed on than those who are open and accessible: but of all the princes that I ever had the honour to know, the wisest and most dexterous to extricate himself out of any danger or difficulties in time of adversity, was our king [Louis XI.]. He was the humblest in his conversation and habit, and the most painful and indefatigable to win over any man to his side, that he thought capable of doing him either much mischief or good: though he was often refused, he would never give over a man that he once undertook, but still pressed and continued his insinuations, promising him largely, and presenting him with such sums and pensions as he knew would satisfy his ambition; and for such as he had discarded in the time of peace and prosperity, he paid dear (when he had occasion for them) to recover them again; but, when he had once reconciled them, he retained no pique to them for what had passed, but employed them freely for the future. He was naturally kind and indulgent to persons of indifferent condition, and morose to such as he thought had no need of him."-PHILIP DE COMMINES.

(For Iambics.) Shelley.-Prometheus unbound. "Then Prometheus the shape of death."

LATIN.

PASSAGES GIVEN TO BE TRANSATED FROM LATIN INTO ENGLISH.

Translation from Latin is prescribed to Candidates for the

Civil Service Commission.

House of Commons.

Customs (Solicitor's Office).
Ecclesiastical Commission.
Home Office.

Record Office.

Office of Paymaster of Civil
Services in Ireland (Record
Department).

IT MAY BE SElected as a bRANCH OF EXAMINATION BY CANDIDATES.

"Ceterum fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divulgatur. Adherbalem omnesque, qui sub imperio Micipsae fuerant, metus invadit. In duas partes discedunt Numidæ plures Adherbalem sequuntur, sed illum alterum bello meliores. Igitur Iugurtha quam maxumas potest copias armat: urbes partim vi, alias voluntate imperio suo adiungit: omni Numidiae imperare parat. At Adherbal, tametsi Romam legatos miserat, qui senatum docerent de caede fratris et fortunis suis; tamen, fretus multitudine militum parabat armis contendere. Sed ubi res ad certamen venit, victus ex praelio profugit in provinciam, ac deinde Romam contendit. Tum Iugurtha, patratis consiliis, postquam omni Numidia potiebatur, in otio facinus suum cum animo reputans, timere populum Romanum, neque adversus iram eius usquam, nisi in avaritia nobilitatis et pecunia sua, spem habere. Itaque paucis diebus cum argento et auro multo legatos Romam mittit, quibus praecipit, uti primum veteres amicos muneribus expleant: deinde novos acquirant: postremo, quemcumque possint, largiundo parare ne cunctentur. Sed ubi Romam legati venere, et ex praecepto regis hospitibus aliisque, quorum ea tempestate in senatu auctoritas pollebat, magna munera misere, tanta commutatio incessit, uti ex maxuma invidia in gratiam et favorem nobilitatis Iugurtha venerit, quorum pars spe, alii praemio inducti, singulos ex Senatu ambiundo nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur. Igitur, ubi legati satis confidunt, die constituto, Senatus utrisque datur."-SALLUST.