What is the Compromise, so often named? The measures known by this name are the following: The act of Congress admitting California to the Union, with a Constitution which forever prohibits slavery; the act defining the boundary between Texas and New Mexico, and giving Texas ten millions of dollars for her claim to the portion of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande; the act abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia; and the Fugitive Slave law. -Nine Teachers' Institutes have been attended during the spring. Mr. Andrews conducted all except those in Stark, Licking and Clermont counties. The statistics of the one attended in Clermont county, have not reached us. The date of the commencement and the number in attendance at the others, are as follows: Stark county, March 13th, -; Richland county, March 22d, 178; Montgomery county, March 29th, 82; Muskingum county, April 5th, 68; Licking county, April 5th, 62; Guernsey county, April 12th, 55; Jefferson county, April 19th, 41; Greene county, May 10th, 103.

-The Journal is regularly mailed, on or before the first day of the month: if subscribers fail to receive it in season, they may be assured it is not our fault. As accidents are liable to occur, missing numbers will be remailed as soon as notice of their failure is received.

- On the 20th of May, the scholars of the Public Schools of Washington, numbering 3,000, marched in procession, accompanied by the Mayor and Council, to the Capitol, and were received by the committee on the District of Columbia of the Senate and House of Representatives. A deputation of one from each school presented a petition signed by 20,000 citizens of Washington, praying a public grant of lands to aid the schools. Mayor Lenox prefaced the petition with some remarks, which were eloquently responded to by Hon. J. R. Chandler. -The seventh annual meeting of the N. Y. State Teachers' Association is to be attended at Elmira, commencing on the first Wednesday in August next. Reports are to be presented on School Libraries, Teachers' Departments in Academies, Teachers' Institutes, Union and Central High Schools, and a State Teachers' Periodical. Five or six Addresses are secured; and the "Albany University," Randall's "Amendments to the State School System," Operation of the present School Law, and a State Board of Examiners, with Auxiliary County Boards, are proposed as topics of discussion.

It is to be hoped that the session will be an interesting and profitable one; never has there been greater need of united and efficient action on the part of the Teachers of that State.

- The Stark County Teachers' Association have made arrangements to have a County Common School Celebration at Alliance, on Friday the 2d of July, in which all the Teachers and Schools in that and adjoining counties are invited to participate.

-The citizens of Waynesburg, in Stark county, have adopted the Union School law by a large majority. When organized, their school will be the fifth Union School in that county. Can any other county in the State present a larger list, or a finer set of schools than those of Canton, Massillon, Marlboro and Fulton? If so, we shall be glad to learn it.

-Our Journal now reaches nearly all the Union Schools, a large number of the Academies and Female Seminaries, and all the Colleges in the State. The Instructors in these Institutions will confer a favor by forwarding their Circulars and Catalogues, and the Addresses, etc., which they may publish from time to

The N. Y. Sun says, that Messrs. Hoe & Co., the manufacturers of Printing Presses, have for three years past maintained at their own expense, an Evening School for the instruction of their apprentices and operatives in mathematics, sciences, languages, etc. Courses of Experimental Lectures are occasionally secured. This is a most noble example, and worthy of imitation. No one can doubt that the employers will be the gainers, even in a pecuniary view.

-The Hancock Courier of May 19th, contains a very complimentary notice of the Findlay Seminary, under the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Pelton of that place. - The corner stone of Heidelberg College, located at Tiffin, O., was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 13th of May.

Ohio State Teachers' Association.

THE fourth semi-annual meeting of the Ohio State Teachers' Association, will be held in Sandusky City on Wednesday and Thursday, the 7th and 8th days of July next.

W. C. Anderson, D.D., President of Miami University, will deliver the opening Address on Wednesday morning; and a distinguished friend of education in New England, has been invited to deliver the Address on Wednesday evening. Reports upon interesting educational topics are expected from Prof. J. H. Fairchild, of Oberlin College; Rev. Anson Smyth, Sup't of Public Schools of Toledo; C. Knowlton, of Hughes High School, Cincinnati; and E. Pease, Editor of Musical Instructor, Pittsburgh, Pa.

The topics for general discussion, will be the leading features of the School Bill, prepared by Senate Committee of the present Legislature. For an abstract of the provisions of the proposed law, see page 146 of the May No. of the Journal. The subjects of School Districts, of Supervision, and of School Libraries, as provided for in said Bill, will be among the prominent topics for discussion. Persons desirous of introducing other matters for the consideration of the Association, will please to prepare resolutions embodying their sentiments, and forward them to Sandusky City, to the Chairman of the Ex. Committee, before the 4th day of July.

Arrangements have already been made with some of the Railroad Companies of the State, to carry delegates to and from the meeting at half the usual rates of fare; and it is hoped that the remaining Companies, with their accustomed liberality, will make the same arrangement.

Ladies attending the meeting, will be cheerfully and gratuitously entertained by the citizens of Sandusky.

Teachers, and friends of education in other States, are most cordially invited to meet with us, and participate in our deliberations.

COLUMBUS, June, 1852.

LORIN ANDREWS,

Chairman of Ex. Com.

THE members of the Executive Committee of the Ohio State Teachers' Association, are requested to meet at the Townshend House, in Sandusky City, on Tuesday, the 6th day of July next.

COLUMBUS, June, 1852.

LORIN ANDREWS, Ch'n.

AN any Common School system, however wisely and liberally framed, and however cordially sustained by the people, make the common schools of our State essentially better than they now are, without more of permanence in the employment of teaching?

In looking over the schools of our country, it would seem that it was expressly designed that the duty of instructing the young should always be in the hands of apprentices. It is certainly true, that the great majority of the teachers of the country are very young persons. It is, of course, right and proper that such should engage in the business of teaching, as in all other pursuits; but it is decidedly unfortunate for the interests of any class of schools, that so few remain in this employment until the period of life when the judgment is presumed to be most mature.

It is conceded, almost universally, that the present condition of our common schools, even of the best, is feeble. Reforms are needed in every department of labor; material agencies are yet to be supplied, and a new spirit is to be infused into the entire system of common school instruction. Can it be expected that the necessary improvements will be devised and carried forward, the best methods of instruction sought out and adopted, by those who design to remain but the very shortest possible time in the employment? Let it be always remembered by all friends of schools, that improvements in school affairs, like improvements in mechanics, or the common affairs of life, are the results of careful observation and reflection, connected with practical experience: in other words, thought and labor united, give us most of the valuable improvements which we witness around us. Reference to the records VOL. I, No. 7: JULY, 1852.

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of the Patent Office of the U. States, will show that our improvements, from the least to the greatest, are by practical, laboring men. School improvements, so far as they can be traced, may also universally be traced to talent and experience, united in other words, to the practical men of the teachers' profession.

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Now, if talent and experience are to be constantly withdrawn; if teachers are to leave the employment as soon as they become sufficiently accustomed to it to feel a degree of confidence and self-possession in it, it can not be otherwise than disastrous upon the interests they are attempting to serve. What other profession or pursuit could move on to usefulness and perfection, or maintain even a respectable standing in the community, with such a drain upon its energies and resources?

It is indeed absurd to suppose, that we can have better schools than we now have, or than existed fifty years since, without competent, reliable, permanent teachers to devise, and, still more, to carry out the improvements which are so imperiously demanded in every department of the business of education. Changes, indeed, we may have, and do have, and some errors or absurdities which existed years ago may now be corrected; but others are, or will probably be substituted for them, and the chances the certainties, rather-are, that we shall have as much or more poor teaching now, as half a century since, without a prompt and steady correction of this usage in our educational system. It is however gratifying to observe, that there are in our State very favorable prospects of a change for the better, in this respect; and perhaps there are not to be found more auspicious indications for essentially better schools, than these afford.

Existing evils, we may reasonably expect, will sooner or later be remedied high attainments, we may confidently hope, will be reached, when teachers are persuaded, either by their love of their profession, the existing state of public sentiment, or the compensation they receive, to devote their time, talents and energies, exclusively to the labor of rightly training the young.

Let every friend of schools; let every good citizen; let every community, therefore, as far as possible, encourage young men and young ladies, too-to regard the teachers' profession as worthy of the best talents and the best virtues of our country, and one in which a life of self-denying, faithful labor will be certain to meet with proper and adequate rewards.

SANDUSKY CITY, June, 1852.

M. F. C.

For the Ohio Journal of Education.

Female Teachers.

THE field of educational labor is now fairly thrown open to ladies. They are still excluded from many departments of action; they probably will never find their way into some; but without the aid of conventions and public speeches on the rights and wrongs of woman, she will be employed in any and every kind of activity for which she is qualified. A few of the other sex will grumble about the matter; others will have a little fun out of it. In either case, what harm is done? The ladies have shown themselves altogether qualified for the business of education, and the field has been thrown open to them; and they have walked into it in goodly numbers, with a confident and graceful step, fully realizing the highest expectations formed of their success and efficiency. Hereafter, there will be no use whatever in trying to drive them out. They are in, and they will extend the sphere of their agency every

year.

Let us look at some of the advantages resulting from the employment of Females in the work of education. I shall state them, briefly, in a merely numerical order.

1. The number of competent Teachers is greatly increased. The other departments of life are generally kept full, often to overflowing. They have their specific attractions, and draw to themselves capital, industry, talent. Teaching is not a very attractive employment; has but few, if any, of the great prizes which are sometimes drawn in other spheres of action, and rarely promises more than a moderate competence. It is exceedingly desirable to increase the number of those who are willing to engage in such an employment, not for the purpose of holding on, as the expression is, till they can find something else to do, but indefinitely as to time-for life—if circumstances require it. This point can be gained, it is obvious without remark, in our country at least, and for the present generation, only by placing the two sexes on an equality in relation to the employment of teaching.

2. Ladies possess a remarkable aptitude for teaching. It is attended with no benefit, to make comparisons, in this case. It is altogether unnecessary to advert to any asserted or supposed difference between the amount or kind of intellect bestowed upon the two sexes. The question of difference is absolutely unimportant. After all that can be