Mr. O. N. HARTSHORN, A. B., Principal and Proprietor, aided by several Assistants, male and female. Number of Gentlemen in attendance, 162; of Ladies, 70; total for the year, 232.

Salem Institute, Columbiana county: WM. MCCLAIN, Principal. From the Circular lately received, it appears that 255 pupils-130 males and 125 femalesreceived instruction during the year ending in June: of these 170 had been, or were preparing to become, Teachers.

PUBLIC SCHOOL IN SALEM.-Our new District School House, in this place, is now completed; it is a handsome, substantial and commodious building,-an ornament and a credit to our town.

We are pleased to learn that a School is to be opened in the new building, on next Monday, (Oct. 11th)-and still more pleased to learn that the Directors have employed that prince of School Teachers, JESSE MARKHAM, to take charge of the School. Every man and woman in Salem, who has small children to send to school, has now reason to rejoice in the present prospect of the good opportunity there will be to have them enter upon their primary studies.-Homestead Journal.

We are glad to see that Mr. MARKHAM has invited the Parents of his pupils to be present, in mass, at the opening of the school: we shall look with interest for an account of his "Commencement."

TEACHERS' INSTITUTES.-The Minutes of the fifth semi-annual session of the Clermont Co. Teachers' Institute, have been published in a neat pamphlet. The names of 68 appear on its list of members. JOHN FERGUSON, of New Richmond, is President; J. HANCOCK, Secretary; and H. W. KERR, of Bantam, Librarian. More than 60 Teachers attended the Institute at St. Clairsville, Belmont co. About 100 attended the Institute at Wellsville. A goodly number of subscribers to the Journal was obtained there, and at St. Clairsville.

The Knox Co. Institute was somewhat interrupted by the occurrence of the State election, but an interesting class of more than 100 were in attendance.

Editors' Cable.

THE NEW YORK TEACHER.-The first number of this expected work has appeared. It is beautifully printed, in style and form almost precisely similar to the MASSACHUSETTS TEACHER, and the OHIO JOURNAL OF EDUCATION. Its appearance, and the contents of this number, fully equal our expectations; may it meet with the most liberal encouragement. Every Teachers' Institute and Association, and the Teachers of every Union School in Ohio, should receive and file it; and we believe there are scores of enterprising Teachers in the State who will feel that they cannot do without it.

THE ANNALS OF SCIENCE, edited by Prof. HAMILTON L. SMITH, A. M., published on the 1st and 15th of each month, at $1 per annum.-This is a large octavo, printed on good paper, in good style, (as might be expected from the office of Messrs. Harris and Fairbanks,) and copiously illustrated by wood and other Engravings. It is the only work of the kind in America-a Scientific Periodical, furnished at a price which brings it within the reach of all. We

commend it, most heartily, to our subscribers, and to all interested in the advancement of science.

GEOGRAPHY.-Mitchell's Primary Geography, third revised edition. An easy introduction to the study, designed for the instruction of children in schools and families illustrated by more than 100 Engravings, and 14 colored Maps.

Mitchell's School Geography, fourth revised edition. A System of Modern Geography comprising a description of the present state of the World, and its five great divisions: embellished by numerous Engravings.

Mitchell's School Atlas, fourth revised edition, containing 32 Maps, drawn and engraved expressly for the work.

Mitchell's Geographical Question Book: comprising Geographical Descriptions, and questions on all the Maps of the Atlas: with an Appendix embracing valuable Tables in Mathematical and Physical Geography. Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwaite and Company, 1852.

ELEMENTARY AND PRACTICAL ALGEBRA in which have been attempted improvements in general arrangement and exposition; and with means of thorough discipline in the principles and applications of the science. By JAMES B. DODD, A. M., Prof. of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Transylvania University. New York: Pratt, Woodford & Co., 1852.

Stems.

Rev. SOLOMON HOWARD, late Principal of the Ohio Conference High School at Springfield, has accepted the Presidency of Ohio University at Athens. We sincerely hope he may succeed in resuscitating the University.

Rev. Dr. TOMLINSON, of Ohio University, appointed to the place vacated by Mr. HOWARD, has declined it on account of his health; and Rev. J. W. WEAKLY is to take charge of the Seminary.

Messrs. SAMUEL A. MOORE and GEORGE GEARHART were, on the 14th ult., unanimously re-elected members of the Board of Education in Circleville. These gentlemen have been members of the Board since the adoption of the Union School Law in that place; and, in connection with their worthy assistants, have expended $20,000 in the erection of a school house. Their unanimous re-election shows the esteem in which they are held and the confidence placed in them by their fellow-citizens.

Mr. H S. GILLET, for many years a Professor in the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, has been appointed to the place of first Instructor in the Tennessee Asylum, at Knoxville; salary $1,000, with perquisites which increase it to about $1,200. We regret the removal of Mr. Gillet from Ohio, but wish him success in his new position.

A series of eleven Teachers' Institutes is to be attended, in as many different counties, under the direction of the Northern Indiana Teachers' Institute, between the 20th of September and the 15th of November, 1852.

TEACHERS' INSTITUTES.-The Fall sessions of the Institutes in Ohio, so far as arranged, bave been, or will be attended as follows:

Morrow county, at Chesterville, October 25th--one week.

Stark county, at Paris, October 25th-one week.

Hancock county, at Findlay, Oct. 28th-three days.

Seneca county, at Republic, Nov. 1st-two weeks.

Richland county, at Plymouth, November 8th-one week.

CORRECTION. The article on pp. 327-334 of this No., by Mr. SANFORD, should have been dated "Granville Female Seminary," instead of "Academy."

THE

Ohio Journal of Education.

A. D. LORD, Columbus,

II. H. BARNEY, Cincinnati, EDITORS:
J. C. ZACHOS, Dayton,

M. F. COWDERY, Sandusky,
I. W. ANDREWS, Marietta,
AND'W FREESE, Cleveland

The Joint Education of the Sexes.

A REPORT, read before the Ohio State Teachers' Association, at Sandusky City, on the 8th of July, 1852, by Prof. J. H. FAIRCHILD, A. M., of Oberlin.

HE topic to which the attention of the Association is invited, is

one which involves inquiries of some delicacy, and on which some diversity of sentiment exists. But it cannot be necessary to offer an apology for discussing any question which lies within the range of the responsibilities of the teacher, and which affects the welfare and destiny of the youth of our land. Nor can any difference of sentiment which may exist among us, excuse us from such an inquiry. Co-laborers in a common field, we are gathered to give our different impressions of the work before us, and contribute individually our mite to the common interest. These different impressions we may freely state, without being understood as wishing to make any attack upon the views of others, or to obtrude, in an offensive way, our own. It is thus that the experience and thoughts of each become the property of all, and we return to our various departments of labor, grateful for the help which we have mutually received.

With such an aim, the suggestions now offered, have, I trust, been conceived, and in the same spirit they will doubtless be accepted.

What provision shall be made for the different sexes, in the arrangements for their education, is a question which presses with much interest upon educationists of the present day. Shall separate schools be organized for them, or shall they be conducted together along the paths of science? The antecedent question-shall woman be educated at all -has already been answered. This answer is involved in the choice VOL. I, No 12: DECEMBER, 1852.

23

of civilization instead of barbarism. The race can make no progress, while each alternate member of it is doomed to the degradation of ignorance. We may rejoice that this fact is at length understood, and that it remains only to adjust the details-to arrange the manner in which the blessings of education shall be secured to woman-and perhaps to determine the extent to which she shall enjoy them. Educated she must and will be. All agree in aiming at this result. The next question is, shall our schools admit the sexes on common principles, to equal advantages, or shall they be separated in the pursuit of education, each having its distinct system of appliances for arriving at the common end?

In the prosecution of this inquiry, I shall endeavor, first, to present some reasons in favor of the joint education of the sexes; and then review objections which may be urged against such an arrangement.

The most obvious advantage to be derived from bringing the two sexes into the same system of schools, is the economy of the plan. It is the aim of the friends of education to bring our schools within the reach of the greatest possible number. To facilitate this object, it is desirable that the cost of instruction be as low as possible. To furnish a complete system of schools to each sex, would double or nearly double, the expense of instruction. The cost of educating both sexes together in any given locality, is but a trifle more—often no more, than of educating one alone. If the sexes be separated, the expense must be greatly increased, or the number of schools must be diminished by enlarging the district limits of each. In either case, a large number would be excluded from the advantages of the school. Where the population is dense, the difficulty would be diminished, so far as the primary schools are concerned; but for schools of a higher grade, the difficulty would still exist. These schools, especially in the Western States, are not so abundantly supplied with pupils, but that they might receive an equal number in addition, without anything like a corresponding increase in expenditure-in many cases, without the addition of a single teacher. With their present stinted endowments and limited number of pupils, they must lack that efficiency which a more liberal support would give. On the supposition that the two sexes are to be furnished with equal facilities for education, with separate schools for each, we must double the number of schools, and thus cripple all, or we must devote half the schools already organized to female education, and thus double the distance from each man's door to a school where his children can secure a thorough education. In the older parts of the

country, where wealth is abundant and education properly valued, the number of schools might possibly be doubled, but in our own State the thing is impossible, and will be for many years to come. We must then fall back upon the other alternative — diminish the number of schools for each sex, and be content that these should merely live when they ought to flourish. Yet it is of great importance that we have as many schools as can be well sustained. A flourishing school is a blessing in any region of country. It stimulates multitudes to aspire after an education, who would never have dreamed of going to a neighboring State, or even to an adjacent county to obtain it. Hence the evil of diminishing the number and curtailing the influence of these schools, by closing their doors against one or the other of the sexes.

Our hypothesis has been, that the two sexes are to be furnished with equal facilities for education. But if they are to be separated in the enjoyment of these facilities, the women of our land will be left without any adequate provision for their education. Thus it has been, and thus it will continue to be. The past furnishes no example, so far as I am aware, of a well endowed seminary for female education-a school with ample provision for instruction in the different departments of solid and polite learning. Female seminaries have been sustained by the reputation and success of individual teachers, who have secured such help as their limited resources would allow. Many of these schools have been blessings to the land; but it is impossible they should have that efficiency which a thorough organization in the different departments of instruction would give. To the careless observer, it seems more important that the male sex should enjoy the advantages of education, and unless the same school can meet the wants of both, the education of woman will be neglected in a utilitarian age and a utilitarian country.

Considerations of economy, and perhaps necessity, have operated to open the doors of nearly all our primary, and even higher schools and academies, to youths of both sexes. It is only in older portions of the land, that we find schools for boys and schools for girls, young gentlemen's classical schools, and young ladies' seminaries.

But if economy is the only or chief recommendation of the system, while moral and social evils are involved, we cannot afford the sacrifice. We must have that system of schools which will best accomplish the great object, whatever the cost may be. The best is, in the end, the cheapest.

Let us inquire then, what social and moral advantages seem to result from the joint education of the sexes? We need not look far into the