in India, and in the Indian classes in England. The style, the facts, the evident knowledge of much that was behind the scenes, of the writer, gave it a popularity that, like that of all ephemeral pamphlets, ceased with the circumstances and passions which gave it birth. The most unfortunate thing about it was that, not content with holding up Sir Charles Napier in a light that was strange, as a man of calm political foresight and administrative ability, he proceeded to pull down the only idol that Anglo-Indians have had an opportunity of setting up since the days of Wellesley. This was a mistake, and a grievious one. For we believe that if any man did all that man could do by the wisdom and energy of his measures to prevent rebellion, by binding India firmly to the British throne, and spreading the arts of civilization and peace, and by providing means to quell that rebellion and turn away its fury, that man was the Marquis of Dalhousie. It would be judging the events of history and Providence too rashly to say that no mutiny would have ever happened, had he kept th reins in that hand which was as gloriously firm as it was mildly gentle; but there is a likelihood that it would have been crushed in the bud. So far as this pamphlet is a vindication of Dalhousie, we think it successful, nay, we would go further and state our belief that its vindication of Mr. J. P. Grant is also most fair and just. เ But why has Mr. Allen spoiled so good a cause by mentioning, in the same breath with them, such men as Dorin, Peacock, Birch and Lord Canning. His defence of the first is most lame, we fear almost dishonest, if not that, certainly very ignorant. We would not here enter on those personalities unto which these rival pamphlets tempt us, but Mr. Allen knows that the author of the 'Red' Pamphlet applies the term 'Sybarite' to the late President in Council in a different sense from giving good dinners.' Mr. Allen, we feel assured, has much quiet irony under the following defence of Canning "Lord Canning's character is too well known to need my advocacy." Nor is Mr. Allen at all successful in meeting his enemy's remarks on the discouragement of European settlers and capital in India by his service. "With regard to the suggested future encouragement of the settlement of independent Europeans, it may be ' asked, when has the Saxon in India wanted or required Government patronage. All that he requires there as elsewhere is a fair field and no favour ;-and that he has had. When, and how, and where have members of the Civil Service encouraged the cultivation of opium; and when and how, and where have they neglected the 'cultivation of Cotton? And if they have; why and how do these acts tend to shut out independent Europeans from India ?" เ We believe Mr. Allen to be honest, and after the Fourth Report of the Colonization Committee, and the evidence of members of his own service, we would advise him to be silent on this point, or at least not set up such a defence as this. The Private Journal of the Marquess of Hastings, K. G., Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in India. Edited by his daughter, the Marchioness of Bute. In two volumes. London, Sanders and Otley. 1858. THIS work is a mistake. It is one of the many instances afforded us by the press during the last two years, of books published on India solely or chiefly because they will sell, owing to the unusual, and we trust by no means temporary, interest excited. The noble family who are proud, and to some slight extent justly so, of the reputation and honours of the writer of this Private Journal, could certainly not have had such a motive, but were actuated rather by the belief that the occurrences and sentiments recorded in it might be of use in the late crisis. This we very much doubt, and had any one been consulted, whose knowledge of India and of the administration of the Marquess is extensive, we feel assured these volumes would not have appeared. They are simply tame, trifling, twaddling. The fact of the journal being private, and being dedicated by its writer to the "dear, little companions" of his expedition, and as a proof "of the solicitude felt for them by a fond father," since it has not prevented publication, must not be allowed to disarm, or remove far from the reach of, criticism. The value of such a book as this ought to be two-fold either first and chiefly, as a record of the private life and thoughts of a man holding so distinguished a position as a Governor-General of our Indian empire; or secondly, as a father holding a certain kind of intercourse with his family, which has that about it which will recommend it and make it interesting to the public to whom its publication appeals, and be a sufficient excuse for letting in the vulgar gaze on the sacred sphere of the family. As to the latter, even had the journal been given in all its entireness, the question naturally ariseswho cares for an account of the family life of the Marquess. His love of, and his journal for, his children must be like those of other people. But from the fact of the more private parts of the Journal having been kept back, it is evident that we can consider it only from the first of the above-mentioned points of view. In the former sense, the value of the book must depend on the character of the man, his administration as Viceroy, his influence on his time, and on the future of the empire. Now the Earl of Moira, afterwards Marquess of Hastings, was not a man of the kind to render his journal valuable. He was appointed as successor to the Earl of Minto, and reached Calcutta in 1814, where, according to his own very much over-drawn statements, he found himself in a position of unusual military, political, and above all, financial difliculty. In his journal, he complains most loudly of this, as most men do, who succeed to an office of difficulty in any case, and in all times, and naturally find it conducive to their own reputation indirectly to depreciate the doings of their predecessors, and the difficulties left them as a legacy. And this was the real weakness of the Marquess. He was vain, excessively vain, and resorted to means, both socially and politically, to feed that vanity. In his journal this is painfully apparent, so much so, that the father seldom appears, will seldom let down his dignity, or lower the height of the stilts on which he ever walks, even in the presence of his children. Self-complacency and quiet satisfaction, nay the direct assumption of honour and exultation where there are no causes for them, often mark the pages of the volume before us. Succeeding, as he did, to power, at perhaps the most critical period in the history of the East India Company before 1857,-the year 1813, on the 13th of July of which year, the bill for opening the trade to India was passed, he had an opportunity of laying the foundation of an internal policy, which the Ghoorka and Pindarree wars need not have prevented him from pursuing. But coming out with the office of Commander-in-Chief as well as Governor General, and having gained his high office almost entirely by his previous military reputation, he left the work of civilisation to successors who came long after him to Bentinck and Dalhousie. Viewed in reference to his military exploits in India, we can say of him that he did sufficiently well to be considered a pupil of the school of Wellesley, by his conquests in his own person, and in the persons of Ochterlony, Gillespie, Malcolm and Hislop. He added territory to, and by the Court of Directors he was looked upon as having consolidated the power of the British empire in India. After nine years' service he retired on the 9th of January 1823, to be succeeded, not by Canning, who, after his appointment, preferred to succeed the Marquis of Londonderry in the Foreign Office, but by Lord Amherest. As we look over the list of Governors General, and mention with pride and gratitude the names of the great and glorious, we stop not at that of Hastings. From Wellesley there is a gap till Dalhousie comes on the scene, a gap filled by good but not great, by wise but not brilliant, by successful but not immortal, men. The journal has no literary merits. Its style is unnatural, stiff and artificial. The ease, the grace, the heart,' the simplicity that ought to characterise it, are wanting. They who know the private life and family history of the man, will not be at a loss to account for this. Interspersed with remarks on the politics of the hour, his own policy, and his own difficulties and exploits, we have descriptions of his tours and marches, his receptions and viceregal visits, his opinions of Indian officials and pictures of Indian society. The journal is very full of remarks on the manners, amusements and exhibitions of the natives, also on snakes, wild beasts, and what were then the curiosities of natural history. The writer was evidently out and out 'Old Indian,' no friend to annexation, to our present relations to tributary states, and present ideas and treatment of native princes. Our space will not allow us to give extracts from the journal. Papers on the subject of the Instruction of the Native Employés of Government in the Civil, Criminal, and Revenue Offices. Lahore, 1858. THE Punjab has never been famous for its schools of education and learning, nor did the Seikhs ever manifest a predilection for literary pursuits. Maharajah Runjeet Sing could neither read nor write. The records of his Government were kept in the archives of a powerful and ready memory. His Sirdars and chieftains were scarcely more erudite than himself, and were more skilled in sword play, and matters of fence, than with the pen or the primer. When we succeeded to the legacy of anarchy and misrule left us by the Seikh Durbar, we had to choose whether we should carry on the affairs of the Government through the instrumentality of illiterate Punjabees who could fight when need demanded, or educated Hindostanees who were abhorred by the people. Vacant offices were filled up by a pretty free mixture of both classes, but as was unavoidable under our paper system, perhaps the lion's share of the appointments fell to the Hindostanees. Consequently the Punjab Amlah were, on the whole, probably the most illiterate and worst educated in all India. In 1856, Government resolved to introduce a course of annual examinations, with a view to secure that the Amlah were familiar with at least the ordinary routine of their duties, if they could not lay claim to superior scholarship. All ministerial officers, below the grade of extra assistant, receiving more than ten rupees per mensem, were to be examined once a year. Tehseeldars, superintendents of settlement, and Sudder Serishtahdars were to be examined by commissioners, whose decision as to passing and rejecting was to be final. The Amlah of the sudder station, and the Peshkars or Naibs of Tehseels, and Thannahdars, were to be examined by the Deputy Commissioner, and the Tehseel Amlah by the Tehseeldar; the decision in each case being final. The scheme has had only two years' trial. But if examiners of this kind were necessary before, they are doubly needful now. During the disturbances of 1857, the ranks of the native officials were weeded of a very large proportion of Hindostanees, who were the only men possessing a competent education or more than a superficial knowledge of business routine. The Punjab Government was therefore left to be administered by a set of men who, whatever may be their abilities, are men of only indifferent attainments. Several of the Punjab Tehseeldars are unable either to read or write, and some of even the native extra assistants have not much whereof to boast in the way education. of Having resolved on examining the native Amlah it became incumbent on Government to point out where and how the information required for their examination was to be got. Mr. Cust, late Magistrate of Banda, had drawn up a memorandum regarding the method he had adopted in his district for training and educating the native officials, and which was published in the selections from Government Records. The Punjaub Government accordingly adopted that memorandum as explaining the best and simplest method of instruction. But there the matter rested. DEC., 1858. xl Examinations, it is true, were enforced, but Mr. Cust's suggestions for The method pursued by Mr. Cust, when Magistrate of Banda, can best be given in his own words :— "As a preliminary measure, during my last tour last year, I spoke separately and alone, to every employé, asking casual questions, and informing them distinctly of what I intended to do. I also served out a copy of the cheap translation in the Vernacular, of the "Directions to Collectors and Settlement Officers" to every man. To the excellence and faithfulness of this translation I bear willing testimony, having now had ample opportunities of testing its merits; the cost was only Re. 1-5-0, which was less than a burkundaz would pay for his sword. To facilitate the teachers and pupils, the Catechism in Urdu was prepared also, and, with the sanction of the late Lieutenant-Governor, published. "To the Tehseeldars, nine in number, I spoke seriously, exhorting them to read themselves, and form classes in their Tehseels, for the instruction of their Amlah. Some turned entirely a deaf ear; others have gallantly assisted me. Iwas prepared for opposition, and the principle of passive resistance. Notwithstanding repeated reminders during the months of April, May and June, I was informed, that in some Tehseels no progress was being made on the other hand, the whole of the Sudder Amlah were nearly ready for examination; and in the town of Banda, two or three of the best informed had opened Schools, where every evening instruction was given, and a large body of candidates for public employ, with the additional spur of hunger, qualified themselves, begging to be examined before it came to their turn. "On the 1st of July, the class of Canoongoes assembled, ten in number, to whom were added some of the Sudder Amlah. The Tehseeldar of Banda, assisted by a Naib of another Pergunnah, assembled them for a morning and evening lecture; they were many, more or less prepared; they went through the whole of the " Directions, to Collectors and Settlement Officers" in the lecture, question by question, and, after fifteen days, they were ready for examination. "In the same way the class of Gomashtas was presided over by another Tehseeldar and another Naib; the class of Wasil-bakee Nuvees, Siaha Nuvees, Araiz Nuvees; and in short, during the three months, each class came into Banda to be instructed and examined. Some men came quite ready; others soon picked up what was required. The Sudder Amlah were formed into classes also, and candidates for employ joined themselves to whichever party best suited them. An interest was soon excited; the thing began to be talked about; members of the Judge's establishment, and of the other Civil Courts, of the Magistrate's office, and sons of Vakeels, volunteered to be examined. "Whenever a class was ready, I was informed the number of a class to be examined was never to exceed nine; the hour of examination was 7 P. M., in my private house. When the class had seated themselves on the carpet before me, without any books, the book of questions was opened by myself, and beginning from the first to the last, the number of the question was indicated by myself, and the question slowly read out by one of the Tehseeldars present. An hour or more was occupied, and about seven questions at random, to be answered viva voce, fell upon each party: and wonderful accuracy, and felicity of expression, were shown by many. There co. ld be no tricks or favoritism; and even suppose that some were crammed for the occasion, it is a step gained : for if, as I propose, the examination be annual, the matter crammed this year, will be digested by next year, as it relates to the daily work, in which they |