It was soon discovered that he had worked in a silk mill at Paterson, N. J., and lived in West Hoboken, where his wife and family still are. He was well known in the colony of anarchists there, and for a time it was believed he had been chosen by lot to perform the deed as the representative of some fanatical circle. , Later it appeared he acted of his own volition, and had sailed for Italy with the purpose of killing the King. He was known in Paterson as a moody, quiet man, who never talked about his ideas to anyone save a few cronies. His wife knew nothing of the plan he had formed and was anxiously awaiting his return from a visit to his home.

There is no capital punishment in Italy, but after a speedy trial Bresci was sentenced to a punishment worse than death. For nearly a year he was confined in a stone cell, barely large enough for his body, and just before his suicide was confined in one a trifle larger. There was but little light, no reading matter, no writing utensils, no work, and no one to whom he could speak.

Owing to the absence from Italy of the Prince of Naples, it was thought at first that a temporary regency would be necessary. The Prince arrived in time, however, and, as King Victor Emmanuel III., succeeded his father. King Humbert was careless of his personal safety, although he had been repeatedly warned.

ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATIONS OF RULERS

Prior to 1800 the attempts to assassinate rulers were rare compared with the record of the nineteenth century. The French Revolution, which maddened an entire nation, seems to have left throughout the world the seeds of a disposition to destroy those in authority. The assassins have been as active in their assaults upon Presidents of republics as upon Kings or despots.

On May 15, 1800, James Hatfield made an unsuccessful attempt upon the life of George III. of England, and in the same year an attempt was made to kill Napoleon I. by an infernal machine,

Spencer Percival, Premier of England, was killed by Bellingham, May 11, 1812.

An attempt upon the life of George IV. of England when regent, was made in January, 1817, and Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, was attacked by an assassin in January, 1835. Many attempts were made upon the life of Louis Philippe of France between 1835 and 1846. Frederick William IV. of Prussia was murderously attacked in 1850, and Francis Joseph of Austria in 1853. Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma, was killed by assassins March 27, 1854. Three unsuccessful attempts were made upon the life of Queen Isabella of Spain, in 1847, 1852 and 1856.

Several attempts were made to assassinate Napoleon III. between 1855 and 1858, in one of which bombs thrown by Orsini killed or wounded 150 persons. All of his assailants were Italians. Daniel, Prince of Montenegro, was killed August 13, 1860. Then followed the greatest tragedy of the kind the world had known, the assassination of President Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth, April 15, 1865.

Michael, Prince of Servia, was killed June 10, 1868, and Prim, Marshal of Spain, in December, 1870. Georges Darboy, Archbishop of Paris, was assassinated by anarchists May 24, 1871, and Richard, Earl of Mayo, Governor-General of India, was killed by a native convict in February, 1872. An attempt was made to kill Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, when King of Spain, in May of the same year. Two attempts were made on the life of Bismarck in 1866 and 1874. Abdul Aziz, Sultan of Turkey, was assassinated in June, 1876, and in the same year, Hussein Avai and other Turkish Ministers were killed by Hassan, a Circassian officer. Three attempts were made on the life of William I. of Prussia and Germany between 1861 and 1878, and Humbert I. of Italy was attacked by John Passananti in the latter year, when the Nihilists were especially active. They made unsuccessful attempts upon Lytton, Lord Viceroy of India, and Alfonso XII., King of Spain. An attempt was made upon the life of Loris Melikoff, Russian General,

in 1879, and Alexander II. of Russia was pursued relentlessly. After three attempts by individual assassins had been made, a railway train, on which he was supposed to be traveling, was undermined in December, 1879; this was followed by an explosion in the Winter Palace, in February. 1880. The Emperor was finally killed by an assassin, who lost his own life, in March, 1881.

The second President of the United States to die at the hands of an assassin was James A. Garfield, who was shot by Charles Jules Guiteau, July 2, 1881, and died of his wounds September 19, 1881. Guiteau was hanged June 30, 1882. Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France, was mortally stabbed by Cesare Santo, an anarchist, on June 24, 1894.

In March, 1895 an unsuccessful attempt was made upon the life of King Humbert of Italy, and in 1897 he was again attacked. President Borda, of Uruguay, was assassinated in 1897, and in the same year attacks were made upon President Diaz, of Mexico, and President Morales, of Brazil, the latter assault resulting in the death of the Minister of War. Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, was assassinated in September, 1898. President Heureux, of San Domingo, was assassinated July 26, 1899. In the same year an anarchist youth shot at the Prince of Wales, in Holland. The third attempt, on July 29, 1900, upon the life of King Humbert, of Italy, was successful. On August 2d an anarchist, named Saison, attempted to kill the Shah of Persia, during his visit to Paris. In August, 1901, a suspected anarchist was found secreted in the shrubbery of the Vatican gardens while the Pope was visiting the grounds.

CHAPTER XXXI

Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President

BY

Y the death of William McKinley on Saturday morning, September 14, 1901, Theodore Roosevelt succeeded to the high office of President of these United States.

HIS ANCESTRY

Theodore Roosevelt was born October 27, 1858, and is therefore not quite forty-three years old. He was born in New York City, at 28 East Twentieth Street. His people originally lived on the Battery, but as the town changed gradually moved away from the business centre. His grandfather once owned a fine residence at one of the corners of what is now Fourteenth Street and Broadway. In blood Mr. Roosevelt is a quarter Hollandish and three-quarters Scotch, Irish and French Huguenot. His mother was a Bonhill and had relatives of the name of Lukin and Craig. The Lamontaigne family is in his ancestry, and the Devoes, of Georgia and South Carolina. His uncle, James D. Bullock, built the noted privateer Alabama, and another of the Bullocks fired the last gun aboard her. But after all this is said of the ancestry, chronicles agree that Mr. Roosevelt owes a great deal to his father. The elder Theodore Roosevelt was one of the leading men of his day in the metropolis-the days of the Civil War. He was a merchant, philanthropist and a lover of out-door life. He, more than anyone else, founded the present newsboys' lodging-house system. He devised and carried out the plan of the war time allotment commission. He could drive a four-in-hand team better than any other New Yorker in his day. He died in 1878, idolized by the son who was to take up the lines of the ambitious part of his life and carry them on.