and interests in the world war. This outline has been used throughout the schools of Fort Smith as a basis for the study of this war, as our government urges upon our schools today, -and is recommended by teachers and school officials in a good many systems. Practically all references are available in any community.

WAR STUDY OUTLINE FOR SCHOOLS

1. Why We Were At War With Germany

A. Fundamental Causes.

1. Democracy versus autocratic power. (This world cannot remain permanently half free and half enslaved by autocratic power.)

2. The moral ground of humanity versus the principle that "might makes right" with Germany's consequent cruelties and barbarous warfare.

3. U. S. championship of international law, the sacred obligations of treaties, the rights of neutrals, and

of small states.

4. U. S. has also gone to war to uphold her own honor and respect among the powers of the earth, and to prove the sincerity of her professed principles.

B. Immediate Causes.

1. Germany's domineering diplomacy and attitude toward our Monroe Doctrine.

a. Admiral Diederich and Admiral Dewey in Manila harbor in 1898. (See World's Work, June, 1916.)

b. The Samoan incident. (See World's Work,
June, 1916.)

c. The Kaiser, Roosevelt, and Venezuela, 1902.
d. Utterances of the Crown Prince and others with

regard to U. S. and Monroe Doctrine. (See
"Out of Their Own Mouths.")

2.

3.

e. German spy system in America. (Pres. Wilson's Speeches.)

f. Germany's aggressions in South America and Mexico.

g. Von Zimmerman's proposal to Mexico and Japan for partitioning U. S. among them.

German submarine blockade.

a. Interference with legitimate American com

merce.

b. Destruction of American lives and property.
c. Shameless violation of our rights as neutrals,
(rights she had solemnly promised to respect,
but whose violation she now celebrated pub-
licly in numerous places).

d. Great loss of food needed for suffering peoples. Atrocities in Belgium, Poland, Northern France, Serbia, Roumania-showing Germany's deliberate policy toward her helpless, innocent victims.

4. Similar effect on American opinion was caused by the Zeppelin raids on the unprotected and innocent in London and other English towns.

5. Nefarious plotting of German agents in the U. S. with working men, banks, anarchists, bombs, traitors, pan-Germans, etc. (Hundreds of cases unearthed by U. S. secret service, showing millions of dollars spent in this country by Germany to foment strife and influence our neutrality while Germany was still professing friendship and peaceful relations with the U.S.)

II. Danger of Failure to This Country

1. Germany threatened to make us pay for all the cost of the war to her. (A staggering indemnity, just as she had already collected from every country she had conquered.)

2. The Kaiser, Crown Prince and Princes of Germany

have scoffed at the idea of democracy (have boasted of the submarine as the "argument of kings" against democracy).

3. The Kaiser claims to be king by divine right, and to be God's agent on earth. (Read from his addresses to soldiers, history teachers,-in Munich, etc., etc., 1891, 1897, 1900, 1909, 1914, 1916, 1917. See Teacher's Journal, June, 1917, World's Work, June, 1917. Review of Reviews' December, 1917. "Out of Their Own Mouths," etc.)

4. The German police system was more severe than ever were the quartering of the British soldiers of King George on the American colonies. (We did not stand it then, we must not run the risk of it now.) See West's Modern World.

5. Germany curbed freedom of speech and of the press, and suppressed the individual, and made him just a link in the machinery of the government, which was controlled by a privileged autocratic class above him. In Prussia, men voted according to wealth, not universal suffrage. In one district in Berlin three men paid one-third of the taxes, had one-third the vote of all the district of the city. 6. If we had lost this war, we should have lost the guarantee of everything that Washington and his compatriots fought for, and "government of the people, by the people, for the people," would have perished "from the earth," for generations to come, if not for centuries.

III. The Duty of Every American to Support the War 1. It is our duty to know, first of all, the justice of our

2.

country's cause.

We should have the courage to hold up that cause wherever it is assailed for—

3. Sedition and treason are continually being sown throughout our land, and must be met and put down. This is still true.

4. To be worthy of the country that has given us the blessing of liberty, we must support with a will all

the movements among the people to aid in this work, such as—

a. The War Y. M. C. A. work.

b. The Red Cross Work.

c. The food production conservation campaigns. d. The Liberty Loans.

e. Every other war agency with which we come in

contact.

An equal duty now devolves upon us to support with all our power the principles for a just and lasting peace, that our peace delegates are striving for at Versailles.

IV. Some Reliable References On the War and Its Issues A. Magazines and Periodicals.

a. World's Work, June, 1917. "Germany's Long

Road to Democracy."

b. World's Work, June, 1916. "The Mailed Fist in American History."

c. Review of Reviews, December, 1918. Editorials. d. Everybody's (continuing throughout 1918). Brand Whitlock's Story of Belgium.

e. World's Work (continuing throughout 1918).

Mr. Rathom's exposals of the working of the
German spy system in U. S. French Strothier

on same.

f. Independent, October 20, 1918. "Peace with Victory." Ex-President Taft.

g. History Teachers' Magazine, January, 1918.

Critical outline, notes and references on the causes, issues and events of the Great War, by Professor Harding, of Indiana University.

B. Books.

a. "Evidence in the Case," J. W. Beck, Assistant Attorney General, U. S.

b. "Ambassador Morganthau's Story," in book form.

c. "Out of Their Own Mouths." From German

sources.

d. "The German Terror in France."

e. "My Four Years in Germany," Ambassador Gerard.

f. "With the Turks in Palestine," Alexander

Aaronsohn.

g. "England and Germany," by Cramb, written before the war.

h. "Germany and the Next War"-Bernhardi. C. Library Pamphlets and Booklets.

a. "Plain Words From America," Prof. Johnson, of Columbia University.

b. Speeches of General Smuts, formerly Boer General against England.

c. "Why the War Must Go On."

d. "List of Neutral Ships Sunk by Germans."

e. "Deportation of Belgian Women."

f. "The New German Empire."

g. "The Red, White and Blue Book," U. S. Official Documents.

h. The U. S. Official Bulletin.

i. "Sixteen Causes of War," Prof. A. C. McLaughlin, University of Chicago.

j. "The Great War."

k. "Democracy Today," Lake Classic Series, Scott Foresman Co.

1. "Ireland and Poland."

m. "When the Prussians Came to Poland," by an

American woman who lived at the time of the
German invasion. (Good sized volume.)