Chinese shall dare to look upon a German askance! Be as terrible as the Huns!"-William II, to the German Chinese expeditionary force, July 27, 1900.

The Kaiser and the German people instead of resenting this characterization "Hun" by the allied world, should accept and love it, for their "beloved majesty" himself invented the phrase and applied it literally to his own troops; and we may be sure, it will last with them a thousand years, as the Kaiser predicted!

With the ordinary "Hun" practice of frightfulness the reader is too familiar to warrant us in an exposition of them here. I will merely mention them in passing.

1. Submarines.

(a) Firing upon helpless survivors in the water. (b) Sinking neutral merchant and passenger ships, with their crews, without warning.

(c) Shelling undefended town (larger ships also did so).

(d) Sinking hospital and Red Cross ships, with wounded, etc.

2. Airships and Airplanes.

(a) Bombing undefended towns and cities, and murdering non-combatants-innocent women, old men and children.

(b) Bombing Red Cross hospitals, Y. M. C. A. huts, etc., back of the lines-contrary to all former practices in war.

3. Artillery.

(a) Utter destruction of churches, cathedrals and
other buildings of non-military character ex-
empt by the usages of war from mutilation
and destruction. These contain many of the
most priceless treasures of civilization.
(b) The long-range guns firing on Paris-of no
military advantage to Germany, but the

4. Infantry.

frightfulest suffering, grief and apprehension on civilians in their defenseless condition. (75 deaths at Easter worship, etc.)

(a) Treachery in the ordinary practices of warfare.

(b) Driving women and children in front of them in advance upon enemy, so that enemy must fire upon its own people, if it would check German onrushes.

(c) Wearing Red Cross insignia, to obtain advantage of unsuspecting foe-concealing machine guns, etc., on army stretchers.

5. Army in Retreat.

(a) Utter destruction of everything desolation, and poisoning wells, etc.

All the above, however, are small and merciful in comparison with the Hun policy of starvation. Few American citizens realize to what extent, and with appalling results, this terrible weapon has been wielded by the German military command in the occupied region of the countries overrun by the Teuton armies. I shall not attempt to describe this monster crime upon humanity, but merely mention the facts that, (1) in the past four years Germany has starved to death, in conjunction with her allies, more enemies than they all have killed in war; (2) the greater percentage of these victims are women and children, the hope of the future generation; (3) after thus bringing these peoples face to face with starvation, she has used this extremity as an excuse before the world for deporting the ablebodied, men and women, into Germany, there to be forced to work in support of the Hun armies against their own people; (4) The German officers and troops deliberately took the food out of the mouths of these starving people, and used it to their own hearts' content; (5) it was hunger, starvation, that forced Roumania

to make peace with the Central Powers; (6) most of the factories of the occupied districts were stripped of their machinery, in order to force starvation and non-resistance upon the industrial classes, the best citizens; (7) this all has virtually crushed most of the small nations of Europe; (8) this devitalization is bound to affect the off-spring of the survivors for generations to come; and (9) there are 30,000,000 of these innocent victims of Teuton greed and lust for power, -think of it, 30,000,000! This is the greatest suffering the world has ever known, and may justly be considered the "darkest page in human history wrought deliberately by a single nation to further its own ends!"2

...

For a more detailed statement of this "food war" of "Kultur" against humanity, see the article "Forerunners of Famine," by Frederick C. Walcott, of the United States Food Administration, in the April (1918) number of the National Geographic Magazine.

CHAPTER XV

OUTLINE OF THE WAR AND ARMISTICE TERMS

OUTLINE of the World War 1914-1918

I. The Year 1914 in the War.

A. Declarations of war and beginnings of hostilities. 1. After assassination of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand, heir-apparent to the Austrian throne (June 28, 1914), and Austrian ultimatum to Serbia (July 28), Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28). 2. Germany, in support of Austria, declares war on Russia (Aug. 1).

3. Germany begins war on France (Aug. 3).

4. Germany invades Belgium (Aug. 4).

5. Following German violation of Belgian territory, Great Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4).

6. Montenegro joins Serbia against Austria-Hungary (Aug. 8).

7. Japan declares war on Germany (Aug. 23).

8. Turkey declares war on Russia (Oct. 30).

9. France and Great Britain declare war on Turkey (Nov.

5).

B. Military events.

1. In the Balkans.

(a) Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia-successfully resisted by Serbians (Aug.-Dec., 1914).

2. In the West.

(a) Invasion of Belgium, Luxemburg and Lorraine by Germany (mentioned above), with Paris as the immediate objective (Aug. 3-Sept. 5).

(b) First Battle of the Marne (Sept. 6-10), saves Paris, Joffre and Foch gaining a defensive victory, and hurling the right wing of the German army back from the Marne to the Aisne (with aid of Gen. French's English army).

(c) Entrenchments, followed by first battle of the Aisne (Sept. 15-28), and the first battle of Ypres, for the Channel ports (Oct.-Nov.).

3. In the East.

(a) Russian invasion of Austrian Galicia (successful) and German East Prussia (the latter shattered by Hindenburg's victory at Tannenburg, Aug. 25-31).

(b) German-Austrian invasion of Russian Poland. (c) Turkish expeditions against Russians in Black Sea regions and against Great Britain in Egypt (Nov.-Dec.), the latter a complete fail

ure.

4. In the Orient.

(a) Japanese siege and capture of Tsing-Tau (Sept. 1-Nov. 6). German isles in Pacific taken by Japanese and British fleets.

5. In Africa.

(a) Togoland and Kamerun occupied by English and French troops (fall and early winter of 1914).

(b) German Southwest Africa invaded, and German East Africa attacked, by British and other colonial troops.

C. Naval engagements.

1. German Cruisers seek safety in Dardanelles (Goeben and Bresleau). Turks forced to buy them-Germany leads Turkey into war.

2. Battle of Heligoland (really à British victory). 3. Battle off Chile, S. A.-Admiral von Spee (Ger.) sinks Admiral Craddock's (Eng.) little fleet (Nov. 1).