CLEW-GARNET. A rope that hauls up the clew of a foresail or mainsail in a square-rigged vessel.

CLEWLINE. A rope that hauls up the clew of a square-sail. The clew-garnet is the clewline of a course.

CLINCH. A half-hitch, stopped to its own part.

CLOSE-HAULED. Applied to a vessel which is sailing with her yards braced up so as to get as much as possible to windward. The same as on a taut bowline, full and by, on the wind, &c. CLOVE-HITCH. Two half-hitches round a spar or other rope. CLOVE-HOOK. An iron clasp, in two parts, moving upon the same

pivot, and overlapping one another. Used for bending chainsheets to the clews of sails.

CLUB-HAUL. To bring a vessel's head round on the other tack, by letting go the lee anchor, and cutting or slipping the cable. CLUBBING. Drifting down a current with an anchor out. COAKING. Uniting pieces of spar by means of tubular projections formed by cutting away the solid of one piece into a hollow, so as to make a projection on the other, in such a manner that they may correctly fit, the butts preventing the pieces from drawing asunder.

Coaks are fitted into the beams and knees of vessels to prevent their drawing.

COAL TAR. Tar made from bituminous coal.

COAMINGS. Raised work round the hatches, to prevent water going down the hold.

COAT. Mast-coat is a piece of canvas, tarred or painted, placed round a mast or bowsprit where it enters the deck.

COCK-BILL. To cock-bill a yard or anchor. (See A-COCK-BILL.) COCK-PIT. An apartment in a vessel of war, used by the surgeon during an action.

CODLINE. An eighteen-thread line.

COXSWAIN. (Pronounced cox'n.) The person who steers a boat and has charge of her.

COIL. To lay a rope up in a ring, with one turn or fake over another. A coil is a quantity of rope laid up in that manner.

COLLAR. An eye in the end or bight of a shroud or stay, to go over the mast-head.

COME. Come home, said of an anchor when it is broken from the ground and drags.

To come up a rope or tackle is to slack it off.

COMPANION. A wooden covering over the staircase to a cabin.

Companion-way. The staircase to the cabin.

Companion-ladder. The ladder leading from the poop to the main deck.

COMPASS. The instrument which tells the course of a vessel.
Compass-timbers are such as are curved or arched.

CONCLUDING-LINE. A small line leading through the centre of the steps of a rope or Jacob's ladder.

CONNING, or CUNNING. Directing the helmsman in steering a vessel. COUNTER. That part of a vessel between the bottom of the stern and the wing-transom and buttock.

Counter-timbers are short timbers put in to strengthen the counter. To counter-brace yards is to brace the head-yards one way and the after-yards another.

COURSE. The direction in which the helmsman is ordered to keep the ship's head by compass.

COURSES. The sails that hang from a ship's lower yards. The forcsail is the fore course, and the mainsail the main course. COVERING BOARD. (See PLANK-SHEERS.)

CRANES. Pieces of iron or timber at the vessel's sides, used to stow A machine used at a wharf for hoisting.

boats or spars upon. CRANK. The condition of a vessel when she is inclined to lean over a great deal and cannot bear much sail. This may be owing to her construction or to her stowage.

CREEPER. An iron instrument, like a grapnel, with four claws, used for

dragging the bottom of a harbour or river, to find anything lost. CRINGLE. A short piece of rope with each end spliced into the boltrope of a sail, confining an iron ring or thimble.

CROSS-BARS. Round bars of iron, bent at each end, used as levers to turn the shank of an anchor.

CROSS-CHOCKS. Pieces of timber fayed across the dead-wood amidships, to make good the deficiency of the heels of the lower futtocks.

CROSS-JACK. (Pronounced croj-jack.) The cross-jack yard is the lower yard on the mizen mast.

CROSS-PAWLS. Pieces of timber that keep a vessel together while in her frames.

CROSS-PIECE. A piece of timber connecting two bitts.

CROSS-SPALES. Pieces of timber placed across a vessel, and nailed to the frames, to keep the sides together until the knees are bolted. CROSS-TREES. Pieces of oak supported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the mast heads, to sustain the tops on the lower mast, and to spread the topgallant rigging at the topmast head.

CROW-FOOT.

A number of small lines rove through an euvrow or long block to suspend an awning by.

CROWN of an anchor, is the place where the arms are joined to the shank.

To crown a knot is to pass the strands over and under each other above the knot.

CRUTCH. A knee, or piece of knee timber, placed inside of a vessel to secure the heels of the cant-timbers abaft. Also the chock upon which the spanker boom rests when the sail is not set.

CUCKOLD'S NECK. A knot by which a rope is secured to a spar-the two parts of the rope crossing each other and seized together. CUDDY. A cabin in the fore part of a boat. In large vessels a cabin abaft.

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CUTLINE, or CUNTLINE. The space between the bilges of two casks, stowed side by side. Where one cask is set upon the cuntline between two others, they are stowed bilge and cuntline.

CUT-WATER. The foremost part of a vessel's prow, which projects forward of the bows.

CUTTER. A small boat. Also a kind of sloop.

DAGGER. A piece of timber crossing all the poppets of the bilge-ways to keep them together.

Dagger-knees. Knees placed obliquely, to avoid a port.

DAVITS. Pieces of timber or iron, with sheaves or blocks at their

ends, projecting over a vessel's sides or stern, to hoist boats up to. Also a spar with a roller or sheave at its end, used for fishing the anchor, called a fish-davit.

DEAD-EYE. A circular block of wood, with three holes through it, for the lanyards of rigging to reeve through, without sheaves, and with a groove round it for an iron strap.

DEAD-FLAT. The midship bend, at the broadest part of the ship.
DEAD-LIGHTS. Ports placed in the cabin windows in bad weather.
DEAD RECKONING. A reckoning kept by observing a vessel's courses
and distances by the log, to ascertain her position.

DEAD-RISING, Or RISING-LINE. Those parts of a vessel's floor, throughout her whole length, where the floor timber is terminated upon the lower futtock.

DEAD-WATER. The eddy under a vessel's counter.

DEAD-WOOD. Blocks of timber, laid upon each end of the keel (near stem and stern-post) where the vessel narrows.

DECK. The planked floor of a vessel, resting upon her beams. DECK-STOPPER. A stopper used for securing the cable forward of the windlass or capstan, while it is overhauled. (See STOPPER.) DEEP-SEA-LEAD. (Pronounced dipsey.) The lead used in sounding at great depths.

DEPARTURE.

The easting or westing made by a vessel. The bearing of an object on the coast from which a vessel commences her dead reckoning.

DERRICK. A single spar supported by stays and guys, to which a

purchase is attached, used to unload vessels, and for hoisting. DOG. A short iron bar, with a fang or teeth at one end, and a ring at the other. Used for a purchase, the fang being placed against a beam or knee, and the block of a tackle hooked to the ring. DOG-VANE. A small vane, made of feathers, or buntine, to show the direction of the wind.

DOG-WATCHES. Half watches of two hours each, from 4 to 6 and from 6 to 8 P.M. (See WATCH.)

DOLPHIN. A rope, or strap round a mast, to support the puddening, where the lower yards rest in the slings. Also a spar or buoy with a large ring in it, secured to an anchor, to which vessels may bend their cables.

DOLPHIN-STRIKER. The martingale.

DOUSE. To lower suddenly.

DOWELLING. A method of coaking, by letting pieces into the solid, or uniting two pieces together by tenons.

DOWNHAUL. A rope used to haul down jibs, staysails, and studding sails. DRABLER. A piece of canvas laced to the bonnet of a sail, to give it more drop.

DRAG. A machine with a bag net, used for dragging on the bottom for anything lost.

DRAUGHT. The depth of water which a vessel requires to float her. DRAW. A sail draws when it is filled by the wind.

To draw a jib is to shift it over the stay to leeward, when it is aback.

DRIFTS. Those pieces in the sheer-draught where the rails are cut off. DRIVE. To scud before a gale, or to drift in a current.

DRIVER. A spanker.

DROP. The depth of a sail, from head to foot, amidships.

DRUM-HEAD. The top of the capstan.

DUBB. To reduce and smooth with an adze the end of a timber. DUCK. A kind of cloth, lighter and finer than canvas; used for small sails.

DUNNAGE. Loose wood, or other matters, placed on the bottom of the hold, above the ballast, to stow cargo upon.

EARING. A rope attached to the cringle of a sail, by which it is bent or reefed.

EASE-OFF. To slacken out a rope or tackle-fall carefully.

EIKING. A piece of wood fitted to make good a deficiency in length. ELBOW. Two crosses in a hawse.

ESCUTCHEON. The part of a vessel's stern where her name is written. EVEN-KEEL. The situation of a vessel when she is so trimmed that

she sits evenly upon the water, neither end being down more than the other.

EUVROW, or EUPHROE. A piece of wood, by which the legs of the crow-foot to an awning are extended.

EYE. The circular part of shroud or stay, where it goes over a mast. Eye-bolt. A long iron bar, having an eye at one end, driven through

a vessel's deck or side into a timber or beam, with the eye remaining out, to hook a tackle to. If here is a ring through this eye, it is called a ring-bolt.

An Eye-splice is a certain kind of splice made with the end of a rope. Eyelet-hole. A hole made in a sail for a cringle or roband to go through.

The Eyes of a vessel. A familiar phrase for the forward part.

FACE-PIECES. Pieces of wood wrought on the fore part of the knee of the head.

FACING. Letting one piece of timber into another, with a rabbet.
FAG. A rope is fagged when the end is untwisted.

FAIR-LEADER. A strip of board or plank, with holes in it, for running rigging, to lead through. Also a block or thimble used for the same purpose.

FAKE. One of the circles or rings made in coiling a rope.

FALL. That part of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. FALLING OFF. The vessel's head turning more to leeward.

FALSE KEEL. Pieces of timber secured under the main keel of vessels. FANCY-LINE. A line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff, used as a downhaul. Also a line used for cross-hauling the lee topping lift.

FASHION PIECES.

The aftermost timbers, terminating the breadth

and forming the shape of the stern.

FAST. A rope by which a vessel is secured to a wharf. There are bow or head, breast, quarter, and stern fasts.

FATHOM. Six feet.

FAY. To fit any two pieces of wood so as to join close and fair together.

FEATHER. To feather an oar in rowing is to turn the blade horizontally with the top aft as it comes out of the water.

FEATHER-EDGED. Planks which have one side thicker than another. FENDERS. Pieces of rope or wood hung over the side of a vessel or boat, to protect it from chafing. The fenders of a neat boat are usually made of canvas, and stuffed.

FID. A square block of wood or iron, placed through the hole in the

heel of the mast, and resting on the trestle-trees of the mast below; this supports the mast. Also a conical wooden pin, tapered, used in splicing large ropes, in opening eyes, &c.

FIDDLE-BLOCK. A long shell, having one sheave over the other, and the lower smaller than the upper.

FIDDLE-HEAD. (See HEAD.)

FIFE-RAIL. The rail going round a mast.

FIGURE-HEAD. A carved head or full-length figure, over the cutwater.

FILLINGS. Pieces of timber used to make the curve fair for the mouldings, between the edges of the fish-front and the sides of the mast.

FILLER. A filling piece in a made mast.