was graduated at Columbia in 1804, and spent some time in England with his father, who was one of the rich merchants of New York. In 1811 he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, and became rector of St. James's church, Hyde Park, N. Y. In 1817 he was appointed professor of moral philosophy, rhetoric, and belles-lettres (to which was afterward added the evidences of Christianity) in Columbia, the duties of which office he discharged for nearly half a century. Dr. McVickar was superintendent of the Society for promoting religion and learning in New York, and from 1856 onward labored diligently toward securing a training-school for that diocese. The result was the establishment of St. Stephen's college, Annandale. From 1844 till 1862 he was chaplain to the U. S. forces at Fort Columbus, Governor's island, N. Y. In 1864 he retired from active duty in the college, and was honored with the title of emeritus professor. Columbia gave him the degrees of A. M. in 1818 and S. T. D. in 1825. Besides numerous occasional essays and addresses, etc., he published "Narrative of the Life of Dr. Samuel Bard" (1822); “First Lessons in Political Economy" (New York, 1825); Memoir of the Rev. Edmund D. Griffin," appended to the "Remains" of the latter (1831); “Early Years of Bishop Hobart " (1834); and " Professional Years of Bishop Hobart" (1836).-His son, William Augustus, clergyman, b. in New York city, 24 April, 1827; d. there, 24 Sept.. 1877, was graduated at Columbia in 1846, studied in the General theological seminary of New York, and became rector of St. Barnabas, Irvington, N. Y., and subsequently of the American chapel in Nice, France. Columbia gave him the degree of S. T. D. in 1870, and in 1876 he was made rector of Christ church, New York. He was the author of the "Life of John McVickar," his father, in which there is an interesting account of Mr. McVickar's visit to Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford in 1830 (New York, 1872).

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MeVICKER, James Hubert, theatrical manager, b. in New York city, 14 Feb., 1822. After the age of ten he engaged in various work in Haverstraw, N. Y., and in 1837 removed to St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the printer's trade, employing his leisure in study. He first appeared in St. Charles theatre, New Orleans, in 1843, and in 1845 became principal comedian in Rice's theatre, Chicago, remaining there until 1852, when he made a tour through the country, appearing in Yankee characters. In 1857 he built McVicker's theatre in Chicago, Ill., which was rebuilt after the fire of 1871, and remodelled in 1887, and which he has managed successfully for thirty years.-His daughter, Mary Frances, married Edwin Booth on 7 June, 1869, and died 13 Nov., 1881.

MCWHORTER, Alexander, clergyman, b. in Newcastle, Del., 26 July, 1734; d. in Newark, N. J., 20 July, 1807. His parents, who were of Scotch descent, removed to this country from Ireland in 1730, and settled in Newcastle, where his father, formerly a linen-merchant, became a farmer and an active member of the Presbyterian church. The son was graduated at Princeton in 1757, studied theology with William Tennent, was licensed to preach in 1758, and in the following year became pastor of a church in Newark, N. J. In 1764 he was appointed by the synod of New York and Philadelphia to a mission in North Carolina, where his friends were settled, returning to Newark in 1766 after a visit to Boston. In 1775 he was sent by congress to western North Carolina to persuade the royalists to unite with the patriot cause, and in 1776 he visited the American army in its camp op

posite Trenton, to confer with regard to measures for protecting the state, and was present at the passage of the Delaware and the surprise of the Hessians. In 1778, at the solicitation of Gen. Henry Knox, he acted as chaplain of Knox's artillery brigade. In 1779 he accepted a pastorate and the presidency of Charlotte academy in Mecklenburg county, N. C., from which place he was compelled to flee before the approach of Cornwallis's army, losing his library and other possessions. He was recalled to Newark in 1781. where he remained until his death. In 1788 he aided in forming the constitution of the Presbyterian church of the United States, and was a trustee of the general assembly. He was also a trustee of Princeton college for thirty-five years, and took an active part in soliciting funds in New England for rebuilding the college after the fire of 1802. Yale gave him the degree of D. D. in 1776. He published a "Century Sermon " describing the settlement and progress of Newark (1800), and a collection of sermons (2 vols., Newark, 1803).-His grandson, Alexander, clergyman, b. in Newark, N. J., 1 Jan., 1822; d. in New Haven, Conn., 28 June, 1880, was graduated at Yale in 1842, studied three years in the theological department there, and was licensed to preach in 1844. In 1859-'60 he was professor of metaphysics and English literature in Troy_university. He received deacon's orders in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1863. He was a profound Hebrew scholar, and, in addition to magazine articles upon metaphysics and theology, was the author of Yahveh Christ, or the Memorial Name," with an introductory letter by Nathaniel W. Taylor, D. D. (Boston, 1857). The object of this work is to prove that the Hebrew word Jehovah should be Yahveh, denoting Christ.

MeWILLIE, William, governor of Mississippi, b. near Liberty Hill, Kershaw district, S. C., 17 Nov., 1795; d. in Kirkwood, Miss., 3 March, 1869. He was preparing for college when the regiment commanded by his father, Col. Adam McWillie, was ordered to Haddrell's point during the war of 1812. He became adjutant, and served until the close of the campaign, when he entered South Carolina college, and was graduated there in 1817. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1818, and practised with success in Camden, and was elected president of a bank in that city in 1836. From 1836 till 1840 he served successively in each branch of the South Carolina legislature. In 1845 he removed to Mississippi, where he had established a plantation ten years before. He was elected to congress as a Democrat, serving from 3 Dec., 1849, till 3 March, 1851, and in 1858 became governor of Mississippi, which office he held until 1860. Although advanced in years, he took an active part in the political agitations of the secession period.

MACY, Josiah, sea-captain, b. in Nantucket, Mass., 25 Feb., 1785: d. in Rye, N. Y., 15 May, 1872. He received a common-school education, and was brought up to a seafaring life. While yet a young man he was one of the best known among the Nantucket sea-captains. In 1812 he brought to New York in the "Prudence," of which he was joint-owner, the first news of the declaration of war between the United States and Great Britain. In 1828 he joined his son, William II., in the commission business in New York city, which was henceforth his residence until he retired to a country life at Rye, Westchester co., N. Y.-His son, William H., banker, b. in Nantucket, Mass., 4 Nov., 1805; d. in New York city, 19 May, 1887, received a common-school education, and at the age of eighteen went to New York city and en

tered the counting-room of a shipping-merchant. As soon as he reached his majority he began business on his own account. After his father joined him in the business the firm was called Josiah Macy and Son. He was elected a member of the Chamber of commerce in 1834, and soon became its vice-president. In 1845 he was made a director of the Leather manufacturers' bank, of which he became vice-president ten years later. He was chosen a trustee of the Seamen's bank for savings in 1848, vice-president in 1851, and president in 1863. He was an officer or trustee in many institutions, held the presidency of the New York hospital, the Society for the relief of the ruptured and crippled, and of the Seamen's cemetery association, and was often selected by business acquaintances to be the executor of their estates. MACY, William Starbuck, artist, b. in New Bedford, Mass., 11 Sept., 1853. He studied art in the National academy and at Munich. Mr. Macy has taken numerous studies in the far west, but his finished works chiefly represent familiar New England effects. He has studios both in New York and New Bedford. His chief works include "Edge of the Forest" (1881); "Old Forest in Winter"; "Old Mill" (1885); "Winter Sunset" (1884); and "January in Bermuda" (1886).

MADDEN, Richard Robert, Irish author, b. in Dublin in 1798; d. there, 5 Feb., 1886. He studied medicine in Paris, Naples, and Erlangen, where he took his degree, and, after practising in various parts of Europe and the Levant, settled in Iondon, where he became a fellow of the Royal college of physicians and surgeons in 1829. He was appointed a special magistrate for Jamaica in 1833, and spent three years in that island, during which time he did much for the emancipation of the slaves, and was bitterly attacked by the upholders of the system in England. He went to Cuba in 1836 as superintendent of liberated Africans for the British government, under the treaty between Great Britain and Spain for the suppression of the slave-trade. In 1839 he was appointed judge-advocate of Jamaica, and he held the office till 1841, when he was stationed for two years on the west coast of Africa as a commissioner for investigating the slave traffic. He held various other posts under the British government, returned to Ireland in 1850, and during the remainder of his life held the office of secretary to the loan fund board in Dublin Castle. Besides works on eastern countries and other subjects, he was the author of "Twelve Months' Residence in the West Indies, during the Transition from Slavery to Apprenticeship" (Philadelphia, 1835); two volumes of "Travels in the West Indies" (1838-40); "Poems by a Slave," see CASTRO, JUAN (1840); "The SlaveTrade and Slavery " (1843), a work that excited antagonism among English Conservatives on account of the light it threw on the connection between British maritime and manufacturing interests and slavery in the English colonies; "Connection of the Kingdom of Ireland with the Crown of England" (1845); "History of the Penal Laws enacted against Roman Catholics" (1845); "The Island of Cuba: its Resources, Progress, and Prospects' (London, 1849): "Shrines and Sepulchres of the Old and New World" (1851); "The Lives and Times of the United Irishmen," giving in detail the causes and events that led to the rebellion of 1798 (1842-6; new ed., 1874); and "Historical Notice of the Operations and Relaxations of the Penal Laws against Roman Catholics" (1865).

MADISON, James, P. E. bishop, b. near Port Republic, Augusta co., Va., 27 Aug., 1749; d. in

Jas. Madison,

Williamsburg, Va., 5 March, 1812. He was graduated at William and Mary in 1772, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but, not liking the profession, he entered upon a theological course preparatory to taking orders. In 1773 he was appointed professor of natural philosophy and afterward of mathematics in William and Mary; in 1775 leave was given him to go to England for ordination. He was made deacon in the chapel of Fulham palace, 29 Sept.. 1775, by Bishop Terrick, of London, and priest, in the same chapel, 1 Oct., 1775, by the same bishop. On his return home he resumed his labors as professor, and in 1777 he became president of the college. The latter office he held until his death, and he succeeded in keeping the college in operation during the Revolution, save for a few months just before and after the siege of Yorktown. He received the degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1785, and from William and Mary in 1796. He was president of the first convention of the Episcopal church in Virginia in May, 1785, and in 1790 was chosen to be the first bishop. He was consecrated in the chapel of Lambeth palace, 19 Sept., 1790, by the archbishop of Canterbury and other bishops. He made his first visitation in 1792, and was diligent in his efforts to raise the Episcopal church in Virginia from the deep depression into which it had fallen. But, as his college duties were pressing, and his health never very vigorous, he was unable to accomplish much in the way of elevating and strengthening the church. Bishop Madison's publications were several sermons that he preached on special occasions, a "Eulogy on Washington" (1800), papers in "Barton's Journal," and a large map of Virginia.-Bishop Madison's brother, George, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1763; d. in Paris. Ky., 14 Oct., 1816, removed to Kentucky at a very early age and served as a soldier on the western frontier when seventeen years old, participating in several engagements with the Indians. During the campaigns in the northwest he commanded a company under Gen. Arthur St. Clair, and later was lieutenant of a company of mounted volunteer cavalry under Maj. John Adair, being wounded in the action with the Indians near Fort St. Clair on 6 Nov., 1792. Subsequently he attained the rank of major in the Kentucky volunteers, and was attached to the northwestern army under Gen. James Winchester. In this capacity he was present in the battle with the British and Indians near Frenchtown on 18 Jan., 1813, and was taken prisoner in the defeat on the river Raisin on 22 Jan.. 1813, when he was sent to Quebec; but he was released in 1814. For more than twenty years he held the office of auditor of public accounts in Kentucky, and in 1816 he was nominated for governor. He was so popular and beloved by the people that his opponent withdrew in the heat of the canvass and Madison was elected for four years, but he died a few weeks afterward before entering on the duties of his office.