studied law and served as a volunteer during the English invasion of 1806-'7. In 1810 he was secretary to Col. Ortiz de Ocampo, with whom he marched to Chuquisaca, and in September, 1811, he was chosen secretary of the 1st triumvirate of Chiclana, Sarratea, and Passo. He was successively deputy to the constituent general assembly, secretary of the director Puyrredon, prefect and founder of the classic department when the university was established, founder of its topographical department, member of congress in the years 1819 and 1825, founder of the statistical register, provisional president of the republic from 5 July to 13 Aug., 1827, minister of the treasury in 1828, and president of the supreme court of justice till the fall of Rosas in 1852. Gen. Urquiza charged him with the provisional government, and afterward he was appointed governor of the province of Buenos Ayres. He wrote the "Argentine National Hymn" and other poetical works.

LOQUILLO, or LUQUILLO (lo-keel'-yo), West Indian cacique, b. about 1478; d. about 1525. He took a principal part in the first insurrection of the natives against the Spanish conquerors of Porto Rico as one of Agueinaba's lieutenants, and, after this chief was routed and killed in 1511, withdrew with some followers to the wildest part of the country, whence he constantly harassed his foes. In 1515 he planned with the caciques Humacao and Daguao another general rebellion, which soon met with disaster. Humacao and Daguao submitted to the conqueror, but their companion refused to do so, and retired with the natives that followed him to the highest mountain of the island, which still bears his name. There he established his stronghold, and frequently fell upon the Spaniards, killing them, burning their farms, and taking their cattle. He died a free man, while most of his countrymen were either dead or slaves.

LORAIN, Lorenzo, soldier, b. in Philipsburg, Centre co., Pa., 3 Aug., 1831; d. in Baltimore, Md., 6 March, 1882. He had early showed much mechanical skill, and had declined the superintendency of large machine-works to follow civil engineering, when he was appointed to the U. S. military academy. After his graduation in 1856 he was on the frontier till the civil war, in the early part of which he was disabled by a wound at Blackburn's ford, and saw no further active service. He was promoted to a captaincy on 28 Feb., 1862, and served as assistant professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology at West Point till 1870. He was then on garrison duty, with the exception of a year in 1871-'2, when he held the chair of physics at Lehigh university till 1875, at which time he became instructor of engineering in the artillery-school for practice at Fort Monroe. Here he placed his department on a practical footing, obtaining new instruments, introducing field reconnoissances, and establishing a photographic department. He held this post till his promotion to major in 1881. He invented the "Lorain telescopic sight" for large rifled guns, and left a "range-finder" that he had not perfected at the time of his death.

LORANGER, Thomas Jean Jacques, Canadian jurist, b. in Sainte Anne d'Yamachiche, Quebec, 2 Feb., 1823; d. on the Island of Orleans, 18 Aug., 1885. He was educated at Nicolet college and admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1854 he became queen's counsel, and in that year was elected to parliament for Laprairie, which he represented till his appointment as puisne judge of the supreme court of Quebec in 1863. In 1855 he argued the seigniorial cause before the court that was established for that purpose, and was the first colo

nial lawyer that was admitted to argue a case before the judicial committee of the privy council in London. Mr. Loranger held office in the Macdonald-Cartier government from November, 1857, till July, 1858, and until the latter date served as a commissioner for consolidating the statutes. In 1877 he was appointed professor of law in Laval university, and was created by the pope a commander of the order of Pius IX. In 1883 he retired from the bench, and subsequently was engaged in consolidating the statutes of Quebec. At the semi-centenary of St. Jean Baptist association in 1884 he was chosen its president. He was chief editor of "La Themis," wrote a work on the civil code, and several pamphlets on legal and constitutional subjects. His brother, Louis Onesime, Canadian jurist, b. in Sainte Anne d'Yamachiche, Quebec, 10 April, 1837, was educated at Montreal and admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1858. He was president of the special committee to superintend the national demonstration of the St. Jean Baptist society in 1875, was elected to the parliament of Quebec in that year, was re-elected, and became a member of the executive council in 1879. He was appointed puisne judge of the superior court of the province of Quebec in 1882, and revising-officer in 1885.

LORAS, Mathias, R. C. bishop, b. in Lyons, France, in 1792; d. in Dubuque, Iowa, 19 Feb., 1858. He was descended from a noble family, and his father perished on the scaffold during the reign of terror. He studied for the priesthood, was ordained about 1817, and soon afterward appointed superior of the ecclesiastical seminary of Largentiere. In 1830 he accompanied Bishop Portier, who was seeking priests in France for his diocese of Mobile, Ala., to the United States. Father Loras was appointed vicar-general on his arrival, and made president of the College of Spring Hill, near Mobile. In 1837 the diocese of Dubuque was created, comprising Iowa and Minnesota, and Father Loras became its bishop. After a visit to France to obtain missionaries he went to his diocese in April, 1839, and in June following he made his first visitation, also founding missions at Fort Snelling and Prairie du Chien. On 15 Aug. of the same year he consecrated the cathedral of Dubuque, and shortly afterward built a church in Davenport. He also established missions among the Sioux, Foxes, and Winnebagoes, built churches and schools in every part of his diocese, and expended large sums of money in employing teachers, as well as boarding and educating many poor children at his own expense. He introduced the Sisters of Charity into his diocese, established a seminary at Mount St. Bernard, and founded a convent of Trappist monks and another of visitation nuns. In 1851 Minnesota was erected into a separate see. He built a hospital in 1857, and during the same year was compelled to apply for a coadjutor, owing to failing health. Bishop Loras paid much attention to the question of emigration, and under his encouragement and guidance Roman Catholic settlers came to Iowa in large numbers after 1850.

LORD, Benjamin, clergyman, b. in Saybrook, Conn., 31 May, 1694; d. in Norwich, Conn., 31 March, 1784. He was graduated at Yale in 1714, was tutor there the next year, and in 1717 was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in Norwich, in which charge he continued until his death. He was a trustee of Yale in 1742-72, and received the degree of D. D. from that college in 1774. His numerous sermons include "The Faithful and Approved Minister, a very Blessed Man" (New London, 1727); "Two Sermons on the Necessity of Re

generation" (Boston, 1738); "God Glorified in his Works" (1743); "Believers in Christ" (1748); and "A Christian's Hope at the Close of Life" (Norwich, 1774). His great-grandson, Daniel Minor, clergyman, b. in Lyme, Conn., 9 April, 1800; d. on Shelter island, N. Y., 26 Aug., 1861, was graduated at Amherst in 1830, studied at Princeton theological seminary, and in 1834 was licensed to preach. He was subsequently pastor of the Boston mariner's church, and from 1848 till his death was pastor of the 1st Presbyterian church on Shelter island, N. Y., and agent of the American seaman's friend society. He published various articles on the moral claims of seamen.-Another great-grandson of Benjamin, Willis, clergyman, b. in Bridgeport, Conn., 15 Sept., 1809, was graduated at Williams in 1833, studied theology at Princeton, was ordained in 1834, and was successively pastor of Presbyterian churches in New Hartford, Conn., Providence, R. I., Philadelphia, Pa., and Cincinnati, Ohio. He was professor of biblical literature and pastoral theology in Lane seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1850-4, pastor of the 2d Presbyterian church in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1855-'9, professor of ecclesiastical and biblical history, and of didactic and polemic theology in the Seminary of the northwest in Chicago, from the latter date till 1870, and then became president of Wooster university, Ohio. Failure of health compelled his resignation of this office in 1874. He was pastor of the 1st Presbyterian church in Chicago in 1878-'9, and now (1887) resides in Colorado Springs, Col., where he is engaged in literary work. He has published, besides sermons and reviews, "Christian Theology for the People" (Chicago, 1874).

LORD, Daniel, lawyer, b. in Stonington, Conn., 2 Sept., 1795; d. in New York city, 4 March, 1868. He was graduated at Yale in 1814, studied law under George Griffin, of New York, and at the Litchfield, Conn., law-school, and in 1817 was admitted to the bar, settling in New York city. He gradually attained the highest rank in his profession, to which he devoted himself exclusively, steadily refusing all public office, and for forty years previous to his death there were few great civil cases before the United States or New York state courts in which he was not retained. His most noted cases include the Dutch Reformed and Methodist church cases, the "fire cases growing out of

Damel Lord

the conflagration of 1835, the American life and trust cases, the Leake and Watts charity case, the Mason and Phelps will case, the foreign cases growing out of the financial crisis of 1837, the insurance cases that brought up the question of general average, and the argument before the U. S. supreme court of the "Hiawatha" prize cause in which the doctrines of war as bearing upon the public laws of prize and blockade were discussed. Yale gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1846. His son, James Couper, philanthropist, b. in New York city, 11 March, 1825; d. there, 9 Feb., 1869, after receiving an academic education entered mercantile life, subsequently becoming associated

in the ownership of the Boonton, N. J., iron-works. Mr. Lord took great interest in the improvement of the condition of his workmen, erecting two churches, and founding a library and a free reading-room for their use. He also founded in New York city in 1860 the "First Ward Industrial School," and for several years almost entirely supported that charity. LORD, Eleazar, financier, b. in Franklin, Conn., 9 Sept., 1788; d. in Piermont, N. Y., 3 June, 1871. He was educated in the district schools of his native town, studied four years at Andover theological seminary and one at Princeton, but was forced by the failure of his eyesight to abandon a professional life. He went to New York in 1815, where he engaged in commercial pursuits, and subsequently in banking, founded the Manhattan insurance company in 1821, was its president twelve years, and introduced important changes in the system of insurance. He was a founder of the New York and Erie railroad, and its president for many years, an advocate of the "free banking system," which was adopted in New York in 1838, and induced Henry Clay to declare himself in opposition to freetrade. Mr. Lord was an accomplished scholar, and a successful projector of schemes for the public good. He was a founder of the American Sundayschool union in 1815, its corresponding secretary in 1818-26, and its president from the latter date till 1836. He was a founder in 1820, and subsequently secretary and president, of the National institution for the promotion of industry, at the same time editing its organ, the "Patron of Industry"; and he assisted in establishing the Home and foreign missionary society, the theological seminaries at Auburn, N. Y., and East Windsor, Conn., and the University of New York, of which he was a trustee for many years. His pamphlet on the subject led to the establishment of the American and other educational societies. He removed to Piermont, N. Y., in 1836, and was principally engaged during the remainder of his life in philanthropic work and the composition of religious books and pamphlets. In 1861 he originated and drew in his own handwriting what he claims to be the draft of the first greenback that was ever issued in the United States. He founded, edited, and was a contributor to the "Theological and Literary Journal." The University of New York gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1861. His publications include an edition of Lemprière's " Biographical Dictionary," to which he contributed 800 original articles (New York, 1825); "Credit, Currency, and Banking" (1828); "The Epoch of the Creation" (1838); "Geological and Scriptural Cosmogony' (1843); "The Mediatorial Work of Christ" (1844); "The Messiah in Moses and the Prophets" (1852); "Symbolic Prophecy" (1854); "Hints to Orthodox Millenarians" (1854); "An Historical Review of the New York and Erie Railroad" (1855); "The Plenary Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures" (1855); "A Layman's Letters to the Pastoral Union of Connecticut" (1856); "The Prophetic Office of Christ" (1858); "Inspiration not Guidance nor Intuition" (1858); "Reviews of Authors on Inspiration" (1859); "The Psalter readjusted in its Relation to the Temple Services" (1860); "Analysis of the Book of Isaiah" (1861); "A Letter on National Currency" (1861); and "Six Letters on the Necessity and Practicality of a National Currency' (1862). His brother, David Nevins, author, b. in Franklin, Conn.. 4 March, 1792; d. in New York city, 14 July, 1880, was graduated at Yale in 1807, and studied theology, but was prevented by delicate health from entering the ministry. He settled in New York in 1823, for many years was a successful

importer of dry-goods, and was concerned in the early management of the New York and Erie railroad company. From early manhood he gave much study to theological subjects, especially on the fulfilment of prophecy, and the true methods of interpretation of symbolism. In 1848-'61 he edited a quarterly entitled the "Theological and Literary Journal," and was its principal contributor. His publications include "Exposition of the Apocalypse" (New York, 1847); Characteristics of Figurative Language" (1854): "Louis Napoleon-is he to be the Imperial Chief of the Ten Kingdoms?" (1866); and "Visions of Paradise," an epic (1867). LORD, John Chase, clergyman, b. in Buffalo, N. Y., 9 Aug., 1805; d. in Buffalo, N. Y., 21 Jan., 1877, was educated at Hamilton college, but was not graduated. Settling in Buffalo, he studied law, and in 1828 was admitted to the bar, but afterward entered Auburn theological seminary, was graduated in 1833, and from 1835 until his resignation in 1873 was pastor of the Central Presbyterian church, which he had organized. In 1851 he published a sermon on the fugitive-slave law, in which he took the ground that no citizen had a right to resist laws that protected slavery. This sermon was distributed as a campaign document, and was described by President Fillmore in a personal letter to its author as "rendering the nation a valuable service." On the secession of the south Dr. Lord was an earnest Unionist. He was moderator of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in 1852. His published works include, besides separate sermons and lectures, "Land of Ophir and other Lectures" (Buffalo, N. Y., 1851), and "Occasional Poems" (1869). See "Memoir of John C. Lord" (Buffalo, 1878). — His brother. Charles Bachus, jurist, b. in Thornton, Me., 13 July, 1810; d. in St. Louis, Mo., 15 Nov., 1868, was educated at Hamilton college, practised law in Buffalo, N. Y., and removing to St. Louis, Mo., attained eminence in his profession. For many years he was judge of the land court, and subsequently of the circuit court of that city.-Another brother, William Wilberforce, clergyman, b. in Madison county, N. Y., 28 Oct., 1819. He was educated at the University of Western New York (since discontinued), studied theology at Princeton and Auburn theological seminaries, was tutor in mental and moral science at Amherst in 1847, and subsequently took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, officiating as rector in the south and southwest, and for many years at Vicksburg, Miss. During the civil war he was a chaplain in the Confederate army. He has published Poems" (New York, 1845), that were praised by Wordsworth and ridiculed by Edgar A. Poe: "Christ in Hades" (1851); and "André, a Tragedy" (1856).-Another brother. Scott, congressman, b. in Nelson, N. Y., 20 Dec., 1820; d. in Morris Plains, N. J., 10 Sept., 1885. He received an academic education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He removed to Geneseo, N. Y., in 1822, established a large practice, and was county judge from 1847 till 1854, when he resumed his profession. In 1872 he removed to Utica, N. Y., formed a partnership with Roscoe Conkling and Alfred C. Cox, and became surrogate of Oneida county. He was elected to congress as a Democrat in 1874, but was defeated at the next election. During his term he was chairman of the Belknap impeachment committee. He removed to New York city in 1878, and established the lawfirm of Lord and Lord. He was senior counsel for Cornelius Vanderbilt in the contest over the will of Com. Vanderbilt, and was largely engaged in the claims arising under the Geneva award bill.

LORD, Nathan, clergyman, b. in Berwick, Me.. 28 Nov., 1793; d. in Hanover, N. H., 9 Sept., 1870. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1809, and at Andover theological seminary in 1815. He was pastor of the Congregational church in Amherst, N. H., from 1816 till 1828, and at the latter date, on the resignation of Rev. Bennett Tyler, became president of Dartmouth. Under his administration the professorships of Greek literature and language, of astronomy and meteorology, of modern languages, of intellectual philosophy, and of natural history were established, three new halls and a chapel were built, the observatory was added, the "Chandler scientific department" was founded by the gift of $50,000 from Abiel Chandler, and 1,824 students were graduated. He retired in 1863. Dr. Lord upheld the institution of slavery, and thus incurred the censure of most northern people; but while he advocated his views in letters and sermons, Dartmouth was the only college in the United States for many years where colored students were admitted, and while under his care they were treated with uniform kindness and courtesy. He inclined to the old-school system of theology, and to a literal interpretation of the prophesies. Dartmouth gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1864, and Bowdoin that of D. D. in 1828. He occasionally contributed to theological reviews, edited, with an introductory notice, the selected sermons of his son, Rev. John King Lord (Boston, 1850), and published numerous sermons, essays, and letters. Among the latter are " 'Letter to Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., on Park's Theology of New England"" (1852); "An Essay on the Millennium," read to the General convention of New Hampshire (1854); and "Two Letters to Ministers of all Denominations on Slavery" (1854-5), in which he endeavored, by biblical arguments, to prove the lawfulness of that institution. His son, John King, clergyman, b. in Amherst, N. H., 22 March, 1819; d. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 13 July, 1849, was graduated at Dartmouth in 1836, taught two and one half years, and in 1841 was graduated at Andover theological seminary. He then became pastor of the Congregational church in Hartford, Vt., and in 1847 of the 1st orthodox Congregational church of Cincinnati, Ohio. He possessed fine abilities, was a popular and energetic pastor, and his early death was greatly deplored. His selected sermons were published by his father (Boston, 1850).—Nathan's nephew, John, lecturer, b. in Portsmouth, N. H., 10 Sept., 1812, was graduated at Dartmouth in 1833, studied at Andover theological seminary in 1837, became agent and lecturer on history to the American peace society, and was afterward pastor of Congregational churches in New Marlborough and Stockbridge, Mass. He subsequently withdrew from pastoral work and devoted himself to historical study and lecturing, spending 1843-6 in England, where he spoke on "The Middle Ages" in the principal cities. Returning to the United States, during a career of fifty years he has lectured in most of the larger towns and cities of the middle and New England states, and is supposed to be the oldest living lecturer in this country. The University of New York gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1864, and he was lecturer on history at Dartmouth in 1866-76. His publications include "Modern History for Schools' (Philadelphia, 1850); "The Old Roman World" (1867); "Ancient States and Empires" (1869); and Beacon Lights" (1883).

LORD, Otis Phillips, jurist, b. in Ipswich, Mass., 11 July, 1812; d. in Salem, Mass., 13 March, 1884. He was graduated at Amherst in 1832, and at the Harvard law-school in 1836, subsequently

the organization of the insurrectionary movement of November, 1838. He took part in the capture of the "Brougham," at Beauharnois, on 3 Nov., and passed several days in Camp Baker, where the Canadian patriots received orders to concentrate in Napierville. After the defeat of Nelson at Odelltown, he set out for the United States, but lost his way when near the frontier, and was arrested, with seven of his companions, on 12 Nov. He was taken to Montreal, tried by court-martial, found guilty of high treason, and hanged. Money was raised for his wife and children, in Canada, in 1883.

LORING, Charles Greeley, lawyer, b. in Boston, Mass., 2 May, 1794; d. in Beverly, Mass., 8 Oct., 1868. He was graduated at Harvard in 1812, studied law in Boston, and for many years was a well-known member of the Boston bar. He was actuary of the Massachusetts hospital life-insurance company from 1857 until his death, and in 1862 he served in the state senate. He was a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, and of the Massachusetts historical society. Mr. Loring was an eloquent and effective speaker. His numerous addresses include one that he delivered, 4 July, 1821, before the town authorities of Boston, Mass., that before the Boston mercantile library association in 1845, at the Republican mass-meeting in Faneuil hall in 1862, an oration on the death of Edward Everett, whom he succeeded as president of the Boston union club, and an address at the meeting of Boston citizens after the assassination of President Lincoln. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1850. Besides addresses, he published "Neutral Relations between the United States and England" (Boston, 1863), and "Life of William Sturgis" (1864).

LORING, Ellis Gray, lawyer, b. in Boston, Mass., in 1803; d. there, 24 May, 1858. He entered Harvard college in 1819, but was not graduated with his class, afterward studied law, was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and became eminent. He was one of the twelve that formed the first anti-slavery society in Boston in 1833. He distinguished himself chiefly in the defence of the slave-child "Med" in the Massachusetts supreme court, where he succeeded in obtaining the decision that every slave brought on Massachusetts soil by the owner was legally free; a case precisely analogous to the celebrated "Somerset " case in England. By this argument he achieved the unusual success of convincing the opposing counsel, Benjamin R. Curtis, afterward justice of the U. S. supreme court, who shook hands with him after the trial, saying: "Your argument has entirely converted me to your side, Mr. Loring." He also attracted some attention as the author of a "Petition in behalf of Abner Kneeland," which was headed by the name of Rev. Dr. William E. Channing. Abner Kneeland (q. v.) was a professed atheist who was indicted for blasphemy, and Mr. Loring's petition was a strong plea in behalf of freedom of speech. Several of Mr. Loring's arguments and addresses were published at different times, including "An Address before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society" (Boston, 1838). At the New England antislavery convention, 27 May, 1858, two days after his death, Wendell Phillips said: "The great merit of Mr. Loring's anti-slavery life was, he laid on the altar of the slave's needs all his peculiar tastes. Refined, domestic, retiring, contemplative, loving literature, art, and culture, he saw there was no one else to speak, therefore he was found in the van. It was the uttermost instance of self-sacrifice more than money, more than reputation, though he gave both."

66

LORING, Frederick _Wadsworth, journalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 12 Dec., 1848; d. near Wickenburg, Arizona, 5 Nov., 1871. He was graduated at Harvard in 1870, and during the brief period between that event and his death gave unusual promise of success as a writer, being connected with several newspapers and a contributor to the Atlantic Monthly,' Appletons' Journal," "Old and New," the "Independent," and "Every Saturday." In the spring of 1871 he went as correspondent of "Appletons' Journal" on the U. S. exploring expedition to Arizona that was in command of Lieut. George M. Wheeler. To that journal he wrote from San Francisco a lively sketch of his Chinese experiences, entitled "Je Horge," and during his wanderings in the wilderness "A Council of War," "A Glimpse of Mormonism," "Silver Mining in Nevada," "The Valley of Death," and several poems. The party suffered great privations, and in August, 1871, Loring wrote to his employers, from the "Valley of Death," a cañon in California and Nevada, three hundred feet below the level of the sea, which all former expeditions had avoided, or from which they had never returned: "I am bootless, coatless, everything but lifeless. I have had a fortnight of horrors. This morning an Indian fight capped the climax. However, I am well and cheerful." He escaped from the valley, but when he was on his way home a band of Apaches attacked the stage-coach in its passage from Wickenburg to La Paz, Arizona, killing the driver and Loring, with four other passengers. A short time before Loring's death, Charles Reade, the novelist, said that he seemed to him the most promising of all the young American authors. His collected writings include "Cotton Cultivation in the South," with Charles F. Atkinson (Boston, 1869); "The Boston Dip, and other Verses" (1871); and "Two College Friends," a novel (1871).

LORING, George Bailey, agriculturist, b. in North Andover, Mass., 8 Nov., 1817. He was graduated at Harvard in 1838, and at the medical department in 1842. He was surgeon to the marine hospital, Chelsea, Mass., in 1843-'50, a commissioner to revise the U. S. marine hospital system in 1849, and postmaster at Salem, Mass., in 1853-27. He subsequently devoted himself for many years to practical and scientific agriculture, and to the preparation and delivery of addresses on that and kindred topics. He has been president of the New England agricultural society since 1864, was a delegate to the National Republican conventions in 1868, 1872, and 1876, chairman of the Massachusetts Republican committee in 1869-'76, U. S. centennial commissioner in 1872-'6, and president of the state senate in 1873-7. He was elected to congress as a Republican in 1876, and served till 1881, when he became commissioner of agriculture, holding office till 1885. Among his numerous addresses are Relation of Agriculture to the State in Time of War" (Concord, Mass., 1862); "Classical Culture" (Amherst, 1866); “Eulogy on Louis Agassiz" (1873); The Cobden Club and the American Farmer" (Worcester, 1880); address at the cotton convention in Atlanta, Ga. (1881); and "The Farm-Yard Club of Jotham," a sketch of New England life and farming (Boston, 1876).

66

LORING, Israel, clergyman, b. in Hull, Mass., 15 April, 1682; d. in Sudbury, Mass., 9 March, 1772. He was graduated at Harvard in 1701, and in 1706 became pastor of the Congregational church in Sudbury, Mass.. continuing in this charge for sixty-six years. Mr. Loring was one of the readi