yet laid before the Senate. The United States understood the British protectorate over Egypt was a war measure intended to preserve the integrity of Egypt during the war; the United States understood the Allied Powers would adhere to the principles set forth by the President in the letter on which the armistice was based; the United States expected the British protectorate over Egypt would cease as soon as notice of ratification by the United States was deposited in Paris. These and several others were laid upon the table or rejected. Then came one declaring that "In consenting to the ratification of the Treaty with Germany the United States adheres to the principle of self-determination and to the resolution of sympathy with the aspirations of the Irish people for a government of their own choice adopted by the Senate June 6, 1919, and declares that when self-government is attained by Ireland, a consummation it is hoped is at hand, it should promptly be admitted as a member of the League of Nations."

During the debate on the following day it was said England would never accept such a reservation; the treaty made no mention of Ireland, and did not treat of self-determination as a general doctrine; the Senate was going beyond its powers in putting into the resolution consenting to ratification something to which no reference was made in the treaty; the world would regard it as a declaration of American sympathy with revolutions of subject peoples everywhere; it was wrong to take a fundamental principle and apply it to a particular case; we had no business to dispose of the property of Great Britain while we did nothing for the Philippines. Efforts were made to strike from the reservation acceptance by the United States of the principle of self-determination, to limit it to Ireland, to so amend that it would include Korea; but in the end it was adopted unchanged.

The Senate concurred in all the reservations adopted in Committee of the Whole and when it adjourned at eleven o'clock on the night of March 18, the so-called preamble to

the resolution advising and consenting to ratification alone remained to be considered.

As it then stood this resolution provided that "ratification is not to take effect or bind the United States until the said reservations and understandings adopted by the Senate have been accepted by an exchange of notes" by at least three of the four Powers, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan. When the Senate met on the nineteenth this was changed, and shortly after six o'clock, by a vote of forty-nine yeas to thirtyfive nays, the resolution for ratification was rejected.

Having no further use for the treaty it was ordered returned to the President. The resolution reads:

"That the Secretary of the Senate be instructed to return to the President the Treaty of Peace with Germany signed at Versailles on the twenty-eighth day of June, 1919, and respectfully inform the President that the Senate has failed to ratify said treaty, being unable to obtain the constitutional majority required therefor."

APPENDIX A

TEXT OF THE ARMISTICE

One Cessation of operations by land and in the air six hours after the signature of the armistice.

Two-Immediate evacuation of invaded countries: Belgium, France, Alsace-Lorraine, Luxemburg, so ordered as to be completed within fourteen days from the signature of the armistice. German troops which have not left the above-mentioned territories within the period fixed will become prisoners of war. Occupation by the Allied and United States forces jointly will keep pace with evacuation in these areas. All movements of evacuation and occupation will be regulated in accordance with a note annexed to the stated terms. Three-Repatriation beginning at once to be completed within fifteen days of all the inhabitants of the countries above enumerated (including hostages, persons under trial or convicted).

Four-Surrender in good condition by the German Armies of the following war materials: Five thousand guns (2,500 heavy, and 2,500 field), 25,000 machine guns, 3,000 minenwerfer, 1,700 airplanes (fighters, bombers-firstly, all of the O 7's and all the night bombing machines). The above to be delivered in situ to the Allied and United States troops in accordance with the detailed conditions laid down in the note (annexure No. 1) drawn up at the moment of the signing of the armistice.

Five-Evacuation by the German armies of the countries on the left bank of the Rhine. The countries on the left bank of the Rhine shall be administered by the local troops of occupation. The occupation of these territories will be carried out by Allied and United States garrisons holding the principal crossings of the Rhine (Mayence, Coblentz, Cologne), together with the bridgeheads at these points of a thirty-kilometer radius on the right bank and by garrisons similarly holding the strategic points of the regions. A neutral zone shall be reserved on the right bank of the Rhine between the stream and a line drawn parallel to the bridgeheads and to the stream and at a distance of ten kilometers from the frontier of Holland up to the frontier of Switzerland. The evacuation by the enemy of the Rhinelands (left and right bank) shall be so ordered

as to be completed within a further period of sixteen days, in all, thirty-one days after the signing of the armistice. All the movements of evacuation or occupation are regulated by the note (annexure No. 1) drawn up at the moment of the signing of the armistice.

Six-In all territories evacuated by the enemy there shall be no evacuation of inhabitants; no damage or harm shall be done to the persons or property of the inhabitants. No person shall be prosecuted for offenses of participation in war measures prior to the signing of the armistice. No destruction of any kind shall be committed. Military establishments of all kinds shall be delivered intact, as well as military stores of food, munitions, and equipment, not removed during the time fixed for evacuation. Stores of food of all kinds for the civil population, cattle, etc., shall be left in situ. Industrial establishments shall not be impaired in any way and their personnel shall not be removed.

Seven-Roads and means of communication of every kind, railroads, waterways, main roads, bridges, telegraph, telephones, shall be in no manner impaired. All civil and military personnel at present employed on them shall remain. Five thousand locomotives and 150,000 wagons in good working order, with all necessary spare parts and fittings, shall be delivered to the associated powers within the period fixed in annexure No. 2, and total of which shall not exceed thirty-one days. There shall likewise be delivered 5,000 motor lorries (camione automobiles) in good order, within the period of thirty-six days. The railways of Alsace-Lorraine shall be handed over within the period of thirty-one days, together with pre-war personnel and material. Further, the material necessary for the working of railways in the countries on the left bank of the Rhine shall be left in situ. All stores of coal and material for the upkeep of permanent ways, signals and repair shops shall be left in situ. These stores shall be maintained by Germany insofar as concerns the working of the railroads in the countries on the left bank of the Rhine. All barges taken from the Allies shall be restored to them. The note, annexure No. 2, regulates the details of these

measures.

Eight-The German command shall be responsible for revealing within the period of forty-eight hours after the signing of the armistice all mines or delayed action fuses on territory evacuated by the German troops and shall assist in their discovery and destruction. It also shall reveal all destructive measures that may have been taken (such as poisoning or polluting of springs and wells, etc.). All under penalty of reprisals.