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October, 1913.

still under dispute, particularly in reference to the Zohab oilfields. Times, Oct. 28, 1913.

27 RUSSIA-TURKEY. Agreement signed relating to the government of Armenia and definite railway concessions. The reform scheme for Armenia was previously agreed to by France and Germany and plans the division of Armenia into two provinces under international supervision. The projected municipal councils will be composed of Mussulman and Armenian representatives and many Turkish features will be retained. Times, Oct. 29, 1913.

November, 1913.

3 HONDURAS-UNITED STATES. Arbitration treaty signed embodying the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. See this JOURNAL, 7:863-SALVADOR-UNITED STATES.

4 MONTENEGRO-SERVIA. Treaty signed settling the frontier. This was one of the treaties agreed upon under the Treaty of London, May 30, 1913. Ratifications exchanged at Belgrade, Nov. 27, 1913. Mém. dipl., 5:578, 610.

5 CHINA-RUSSIA. Agreement signed relating to Mongolia. The autonomy of Outer Mongolia is recognized by China, and Russia agrees to refrain from colonization and military occupation, with the exception of consular guards. Outer Mongolia shall comprise those regions under the jurisdiction of the Chinese Governor at Urga, the Tartar General at Uliassutai, and the Chinese General at Kobdo, and the frontier is to be settled by further negotiations. N. Y. Times, Nov. 6, 1913; Times, Nov. 6, 1913; French text: Q. dipl., 30:759.

5 COLOMBIA-PANAMA. The Senate of Colombia by unanimous vote passed a resolution again declaring that Colombia's Isthmian rights are imprescriptible. At the same time the Senate protested against the causes preventing Colombia's defense of her rights and stated that she would view with satisfaction "anything modifying those causes and replacing them by acts of equity and justice." N. Y. Times, Nov. 6, 1913.

5 ALASKA-CANADA. Speech by Hon. Frank O. Smith, of Maryland, in the United States House of Representatives, on Joint Resolution (H. J. Res., 146, 63d Cong. 1st sess.), requesting the President to negotiate with the British and Canadian Governments

November, 1913.

regarding the transfer of southeastern Alaska to Canada by sale or exchange. Cong. Record, Nov. 7, 1913.

7 ECUADOR. It was announced that Ecuador had begun negotiations for a European loan of $30,000,000, which will be used for waterworks and sewerage systems in Guayaquil. The improvement of the sanitation of Guayaquil is made imperative by the early opening of the Panama Canal. Washington Post, Nov. 8, 1913.

9 CHINA-NETHERLANDS. Consular convention signed. Mém. dipl.,

51:578.

10 BELGIUM-FRANCE. French decree promulgating a declaration signed at Brussels, July 18, 1900, for the revision of Art. 10 of the extradition treaty signed Aug. 15, 1874, the ratifications of which were exchanged Oct. 31, 1913. French text: J. O., 1913:9966; Monit., Nov. 6, 1913.

11-13 GREECE-TURKEY. Treaty signed at Athens settling differences growing out of the Balkan War. This was one of the treaties agreed upon at the conference of London. Ratified by Turkey and ratifications exchanged at Athens, Nov. 27, 1913. Times, Nov. 14, 28, 1913; Mém. dipl., 51:579, 582. French text: Q. dipl., 36:623, 682; English text: Supplement to this JoURNAL, p. 46. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SAFETY AT SEA met at London. UNITED STATES

14

15

URUGUAY. Arbitration convention signed Jan. 9, 1909; ratified by the United States March 9, 1909; ratified by Uruguay June 27, 1913; ratifications exchanged Nov. 14, 1913; proclaimed by the United States Nov. 15, 1913; English and Spanish texts: U. S. Treaty Series, No. 583.

18 COSTA RICA-PANAMA BOUNDARY ARBITRATION.

In accordance

with the requirements of the treaty of March 17, 1910, the Case of each Government was filed with the Arbitrator, Chief Justice White. The answers are required to be filed within six months thereafter. English text of treaty: Supplement, 6:1.

23 BULGARIA-GREECE. The Bulgarian Minister for Foreign Affairs, M. Guenadieff, has proposed to the French Chargé d'affaires at Sofia that the differences between Bulgaria and Greece concerning prisoners of war be submitted to President Poincaré as arbitrator. Bulgaria agreed to accept the arbitration unreservedly. Bulgaria complains that Greece still holds and refuses to release Bulgarian prisoners of war. N. Y. Herald, Nov. 23, 1913.

December, 1913.

4 ALBANIA. It is announced that the great Powers of Europe have given their consent to the assumption of the throne of Albania by the Prince of Wied.

4 UNITED STATES. The Secretary of the Navy of the United States announced that he would favor an international Congress in Washington within the coming year to bring about a world-wide agreement for limiting the building of battleships. N. Y. Times, Dec. 5, 1913.

7 SWITZERLAND UNITED STATES. Arbitration treaty signed renewing for a further period of five years the arbitration treaty which expired Feb. 29, 1913.

8 UNITED STATES. The House of Representatives passed, by a vote of 317 to 11, the following resolution: Resolved, That in the opinion of the House of Representatives the declaration of the First Lord of the Admiralty of Great Britain, the Right Hon. Winston Churchill, that the Government of the United Kingdom is willing and ready to co-operate with other Governments to secure for one year a suspension of naval construction programs offers the means of immediately lessening the enormous burdens of the people and avoiding the waste of investment in war material. Sec. 2. That a copy of this resolution be furnished the President with the request that, so far as he can do so, having due regard for the interests of the United States, he use his influence to consummate the agreement suggested by the Right Hon. Winston Churchill. United States House of Representatives, 53d Cong., 2d sess., House Res. 298; Congressional Record, Dec. 8, 1913.

12 CHINA-RUSSIA. Russia proposed to the other Powers the evacuation of Tchi-Li by the international troops which have been stationed there since the Boxer Rebellion.

13 FIFTH PAN AMERICAN CONFERENCE. Announcement of the tentative program for the Fifth Pan American Conference at Santiago de Chile in 1914. All but the last three topics are said to be within the usual strict precautions taken to prevent the raising of embarrassing questions at Pan American Conferences. The eleventh topic proposed is:

"Declaration as a principle of American policy that aliens do not enjoy other civil rights or other resources than those guaran

December, 1913.

teed by the constitution and laws of each country to the citizens thereof.".

This tentative program has been submitted to the Pan American nations for approval. It is said to have already received the approval of the Secretary of State of the United States. The criticism of the eleventh topic is that such an agreement would curtail the right of one of the states to intervene diplomatically on behalf of its citizens in other Pan American states, thus leaving the alien no redress in case of a denial of justice or unfair treatment by the courts of the country of his domicile.

14 CRETE.

Formal annexation of the Island of Crete to Greece. Crete was under Venetian rule from 1211 to 1669, when it was taken by Turkey and retained until the outbreak of the Greek revolution in 1830 being always considered one of the worst governed of Turkish provinces. When Greek independence was declared the Powers refused to include Crete among the islands annexed to Greece, but arranged its administration by the Viceroy of Egypt. In 1840 the government was again undertaken by Turkey. After an insurrection in 1868 a kind of constitution with a certain autonomy was granted, embodied in the Organic Act of 1868. In 1878, the Cretans invoked the mediation of England and a convention known as the Pact of Halepa was drawn up, which confirmed the Organic Act and inaugurated a parliamentary régime. The Pact was observed until 1889, when the Porte, during another insurrection, issued a firmin abolishing it, and, although the Pact possessed quasi-international sanction, its abolition did not cause the Powers to intervene. Another insurrection in 1896 forced the Porte to restore the Pact and grant a new constitution. The insurrection continued, and in 1897, when Greece intervened, an international fleet blockaded the Cretan coast. The Powers called upon Greece to evacuate the island, and refused to allow its annexation to Greece, but declared that owing to the failure of Turkey to carry out promised reforms, Crete should be given an autonomous government, under the suzerainty of Turkey, but paying no tribute. Cretan autonomy was proclaimed March 20, 1897. The Powers divided the island into four departments, which they severally undertook to administer. The government was directly under a High Commis

December, 1913.

sioner, the post being occupied by Prince George of Greece from Nov. 28, 1898 to September 25, 1906. By an agreement dated August 14, 1906, the Powers invited the King of Greece, in event of the office of High Commissioner becoming vacant, to propose a candidate for the post to be nominated by the Powers for a period of five years, and agreed that Greek officers were to take over the direction of the gendarmerie and militia. In 1908 there was much agitation for annexation to Greece, the Cretans issuing an annexation proclamation, and the Powers declared the administration would be intrusted to the "constituted authorities" until the question could be settled with the consent of Turkey. In September, 1911 the Powers announced that they would not fill the post of High Commissioner, nor in any way change the status quo of the island, which left the government in the hands of a commission and assembly, acting in the name of the King of Greece. In October, 1912, the Cretan deputies were admitted to the Greek Parliament at Athens, the annexation proclamation of 1908 was sanctioned by Greece, and a governor was appointed. On February 15, 1913, the island was formally evacuated by the Powers, and on December 14, 1913, King Constantine of Greece personally raised the Hellenic flag over the Island. Statesman's Yearbook, 1913.

16 Death of Baron Carl Carlson Bonde. Baron Bonde was President of the Swedish arbitration group in the Swedish Chamber of Deputies, President of the Swedish Group of the Interparliamentary Union, First Gentleman of the Swedish Court and member of the Advisory Council of the Carnegie Endowment. He was the author of various historical works.

17 NICARAGUA-UNITED STATES. Arbitration treaty signed embodying the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. See this JOURNAL, 7:863-SALVADOR-UNITED STATES.

18 NETHERLANDS-UNITED STATES. Arbitration treaty signed embodying the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. See this JOURNAL: 7:863-SALVADOR-UNITED STATES. 23 CHINA-GERMANY. Agreement signed by Chinese Foreign office and German Minister to China, for the construction of two railways in China to be undertaken by German engineers with German capital. The estimated cost of the two railways is from

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