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DURATION OF LOCKOUTS, NUMBER AND PER CENT OF ESTABLISHMENTS CLOSED, AND AVERAGE DAYS CLOSED, BY STATES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS, 1881 TO 1905.

[See Table XVII, pages 738 to 741, for notes relating to general lockouts extending into two or more States, establishments closed permanently, establishments in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report, and establishments in which duration or time closed was not reported.]

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The average duration of lockouts per establishment in the States in which lockouts were of most frequent occurrence was 73.0 days in New York, 50.8 days in Pennsylvania, and 150.2 days in Illinois. The percentage of establishments in which lockouts occurred which were closed was 51.31 per cent in New York, 75.53 per cent in Pennsylvania, and 89.24 per cent in Illinois. The average number of days closed per establishment was 28.1 in New York, 36.6 in Pennsylvania, and 64.8 in Illinois.

In the presentation by geographical divisions, it is seen that the average duration was 126.1 days in the North Central and 34.5 days in the South Atlantic division. The percentage of establishments closed was 82.12 per cent in the North Central and 39.06 per cent in the South Central division. The average number of days closed was 58.8 in the North Central and 19.7 in the Western division.

CAUSES OF STRIKES.

In the four tables which follow, certain data relating to strikes have been tabulated according to the causes for which undertaken. The classification into 14 causes is explained on pages 112 to 114. These four tables show statistics for strikes due solely to each of the 14 causes and also for strikes in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. Strikes resulting from two or more causes have been counted under each of those causes combined with various causes thus, for example, strikes for increase of wages and reduction of hours have been included in the cause "for increase of wages combined with various causes" and also in the cause "for reduction of hours combined with various causes," as such strikes were due in part to both of these causes.

The first table shows the number and per cent of strikes due to each cause during each year from 1881 to 1905. The second table shows similar data for establishments involved in strikes, and the third table similar data for strikers. The fourth table of the series is a summary for the entire period from 1881 to 1905. This series of tables renders easy a comparison of the relative importance of each of the 14 causes considered both separately and combined with various causes during each year of the period from 1881 to 1905. The tables are presented in order, and the discussion follows the tables.

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905.

[For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each strike was counted but once.]

Cause or object.

1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890
(Total Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total
strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes

471.) 454.) 478.) 443.) 645.) 1,432.); 1,436.) 906.) 1,075.) 1,833.)

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Number.. 288 247 217 131 242 597 483 235 322 577 For increase of wages.....Per cent.. 61. 1554. 41 45. 40 29. 57 37. 52 41. 69 33. 64 25. 94 29. 95 31. 48 For increase of wages com-jNumber.. 25 11) 16 16 71 41 46 115 bined with various causes. Per cent.. 5.31 2.42 3.35 3.61 4.65 8.66 4.94 4.53 4.28 6.27 JNumber.. 49 67 118 157 170 117 159 187 220 181 Against reduction of wagesPer cent.. 10. 40 14, 76 24. 69 35. 44 26. 36 8. 17 11.07 20. 64 20.47 9.87

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NUMBER AND PER CENT OF STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905.

[For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each strike was counted but once.]

1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. Total. (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes 1.717.) 1,298.) 1,305.) 1,349.)|1,215.)| 1,026.)| 1,078.)| 1,056.) 1,797.) 1,779.) 2,924.) 3,162.) 3,494.)|2,307.)|2,077.)| 36,757.)

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NUMBER AND PER CENT OF ESTABLISHMENTS INVOLVED IN STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905. [For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each establishment was counted but once.]

Cause or object.

For increase of wages.

For increase of wages com-fNumber..
bined with various causes) Per cent..
Against reduction of wages.Per cent..
Number..
Against reduction of wages
combined with various
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