NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES LOCKED OUT IN LOCKOUTS DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905.

[This table shows statistics for lockouts due solely to each of the 14 causes enumerated on pages 112 and 113, and also for lockouts in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. A lockout due to several causes (each of which was a partial or contributing cause) has been entered under each of the causes involved, and because of this repetition no total for the year can be made from the figures shown in this table. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table XIX, where each employee locked out was counted but once.]

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES LOCKED OUT IN LOCKOUTS DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905.

A

[This table shows statistics for lockouts due solely to each of the 14 causes enumerated on pages 112 and 113, and also for lockouts in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. lockout due to several causes (each of which was a partial or contributing cause) has been entered under each of the causes involved, and because of this repetition no total for the year can be made from the figures shown in this table. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table XIX, where each employee locked out was counted but once.]

1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. | 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. Total.

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|(Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total | (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total ploy-ploy | ploy | ploy ploy-ploy-ploy-ploy- employ locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked locked out out out out out out out out out out out out out out out 14.116.) 3,050.) 13,016.) 28,548.) 12,754.) 3,675.) | 7,651.) 11,038.) 14,698.) 46,562.) 16,257.) 30,304.) 112,332) 44,908.) 68,474.)

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7,168 9,365 8,700 10,540 6, 163 2, 277 3,175 1,839 2,136 38, 283 7,354 5,241 30,986 11, 938 9,272 231,562

SUMMARY OF LOCKOUTS FOR THE UNITED STATES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, 1881 TO 1905.

[This table shows statistics for lockouts due solely to each of the 14 causes enumerated on pages 112 and 113, and also for lockouts in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. A lockout due to several causes (each of which was a partial or contributing cause) has been entered under each of the causes involved, and because of this repetition no total can be made from the figures shown in this table. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table XX, where each lockout was counted but once.]

a Not including 1 establishment in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report.

Not including 147 establishments in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report.

• Not involving union rules.

SUMMARY OF LOCKOUTS FOR THE UNITED STATES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, 1881 TO 1905-Concluded.

a Not including 1 establishment in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report.

Not including 147 establishments in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report.

Not involving union rules.

d Less than 0.01 per cent.

The first table of the series shows that a much greater number of lockouts arose from disputes concerning recognition of union and union rules and employers' organization than from any other one cause. A greater number of lockouts were undertaken for that cause than for any other in eighteen of the twenty-five years from 1881 to 1905, and not only was the actual number generally increasing during those years but the proportion of lockouts from this cause was also increasing.

The second cause in importance, so far as number of lockouts was concerned, was to enforce reduction of wages. A greater number of lockouts were undertaken for that cause than for any other one in five of the twenty-five years from 1881 to 1905. That cause appears to be of decreasing importance when measured by the number of lockouts.

Considering the number of establishments involved, as shown in the second table of the series, the largest number was due to lockouts from disputes concerning recognition of union and union rules and employers' organization. A greater number of establishments were involved in lockouts due to that cause than to any other one cause in sixteen of the twenty-five years included in this report.

Another important cause when considered in connection with the number of establishments involved was in sympathy with lockout and against strike, elsewhere.

The third table, relating to the employees locked out, shows that in thirteen of the twenty-five years included in the report the largest number of employees were locked out by reason of disputes concerning recognition of union and union rules and employers' organization. Comparatively large numbers of employees were locked out by reason of lockouts to enforce reduction of wages, and against demand for increase of wages, also by reason of sympathetic lockouts.

The cause of the greatest number of lockouts, as shown in the fourth table of the series, which is a summary of the twenty-five years from 1881 to 1905, was disputes concerning the recognition of union and union rules and employers' organization. This cause alone accounted for 669 lockouts, or 43.27 per cent of the total of 1,546 lockouts that occurred in the twenty-five-year period from 1881 to 1905. Alone and combined with other causes it accounted for 47.80 per cent of all lockouts. The lockouts to enforce reduction of wages numbered 199 and those against demands for increase of wages 185.

Practically one-half of all establishments involved in lockouts were so involved because of disputes concerning recognition of union and union rules and employers' organization either as a whole or partial cause. Lockouts for this cause succeeded in 70.72 per cent of the