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SEC. 3. It shall be unlawful to use force, threats, or other means of intimi larkin to prevent any person from engaging in any lawful occupation at any place he or she

sees fit.

SEC. 4. It shall be unlawful for any employer to maintain a black list, or to notify any other employer that any workman has been blacklisted by such employer, får the purpose of preventing such workman from receiving employment: Probudi. Þ ever. That nothing herein shall prevent a former employer of any workman er any former employee from imparting a fair and unbiased opinion of a workman's cr employer employee'] qualifications when solicited so to do by a later or prospective employer of such workman, or employee; nor shall anything in this act be construed to prevent any merchant or profesional man, or any association of the same, from maintaining or publishing a list concerning the credit or financial responsibility of any person or persons dealing with him or them on credit.

SEC. 5. Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not Jess than ten dollars $10 nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars $250, or to be imprisoned not to exceed sixty 60 days in the county jail, or both, in the dis

cretion of the court.

CONNECTICUT.

GENERAL STATUTES OF 1902.

Abandonment, etc., of locomotives or cars.

SECTION 1293. Every person who shall unlawfully, maliciously, and in violation of his duty or contract, unnecessarily stop, delay, or abandon any locomotive, car, or train of cars, or street railway car, or shall maliciously injure, hinder, or obstruct the use of any locomotive, car, railroad, or street railway car, or street railway, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months.

Intimidation of employees, etc.—Blacklisting.

SECTION 1296. Every person who shall threaten, or use any means to intimidate any person to compel such person., against his will, to do or abstain from doing any act which such person has a legal right to do. or shall persistently follow such person in a disorderly manner, or injure, or threaten to injure, his property, with intent to intimidate him, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months.

A conspiracy to intimidate the publishers of a newspaper and compel the discharge of certain employers is within the prohibition of this section. The maintenance of a boycott against the paper and its patrons is, prima facie, a malicious and corrupt effort to commit injury. It is also a crime to seek to injure other workmen by depriving them of their employment. 55 Conn. 46.

To threaten and use means to intimidate a company against its will to abstain from keeping in its employ workmen of its own choice is within the prohibition of this section. 55 Conn. 70, 71.

SEC. 1298. Every employer who shall blacklist an employee with intent to prevent such employee from procuring other employment shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars.

DELAWARE.

REVISED CODE, EDITION OF 1893.

Strikes of railroad employees.

(Page 928.)

SECTION 1. If any locomotive engineer, upon any railroad within this State, who shall, at the time, be engaged in any strike, or with a view to incite others to such strike, or in furtherance of any combination or preconcerted arrangement with any other person or persons to bring about or produce such strike, shall abandon the locomotive engine in his charge, when attached either to a passenger or freight train, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to proceed with said train to the place of destination, as aforesaid, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 2. If any locomotive engineer, or railroad employee, within this State, for

ized or attempted to be maintained on any other railroad, either within or without this State, shall refuse or neglect, in the course of his employment, to aid in the movement over and upon the tracks of the company employing him of the cars of such other railroad company, or receive therefrom in course of transit where strikes are, either then, or may have been organized or attempted to be maintained, as aforesaid, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 3. If any person in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any railroad within this State, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any railroad employee engaged in the discharge and performance of his duty, as such, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the

court.

SEC. 4. If any person or persons, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike, shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or destroy the rolling stock or any other property of any railroad company, or shall take possession of or remove any such property, or shall prevent, or attempt to prevent, the use thereof by such railroad company or its employees, or shall, by offer of recompense, induce any employees of any railroad company within this State, to leave the service of such company, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than five hundred, nor more than one thousand dollars, and may be imprisoned, not less than six months, nor more than one year, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 5. If any conductor, baggage master, brakeman, or other train man, employed on either a freight or passenger train, on any railroad within this State, shall abandon the train to which he is so attached, or with which he is connected in furtherance of any strike, or with a view of inciting others to such strike, or in aid of any others who may be engaged in such strike, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to proceed with such train to its place of destination, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

FLORIDA.

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER 4144.-Conspiracy against workingmen.

SECTION 1. 1f two or more persons shall agree, conspire, combine, or confederate together for the purpose of preventing any persons from procuring work in any firm or corporation, or to cause the discharge of any person or persons from work in such firm or corporation, or if any person or persons shall verbally or by a written or printed communication, threaten any injury to the life, property or business of any person, for the purpose of procuring the discharge of any workman in any firm or corporation, or to prevent any person or persons from procuring work in such firm or corporation, such person or persons so combining shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction [thereof] shall be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars each, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year.

CHAPTER 4207.-Protection of employees-Blacklisting, etc.

SECTION 1. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State, or any person, agent or employer of any such company or corporation after having discharged any employee from the service of any such company or corporation, shall attempt to prevent by word or writing, sign or other means, directly or indirectly, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person, company or corporation such person, agent, employer, company or corporation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or less than one hundred dollars, and such person, agent, employer, company or corporation shall be liable in damages to such discharged person, to be recovered by civil action; but this section shall not be construed as

writing to any other person, company or corporation to whom such discharged person has applied for employment, a truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge; and shall furnish to such discharged employee on his application, to such address as may be given by such discharged employee, within ten days after such applica tion made as aforesaid, a true copy of any such written statement.

SEC. 2. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State, shall authorize or permit, with its knowledge and consent, any of its officers, agents, employers or employees to commit either or any of the acts prohibited by this act (except as herein provided), such railroad company or corporation shall be liable in damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employemnt, to be recovered by him in a civil action.

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of any person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation aforesaid, after having discharged any employee from the service of any such company or corporation, upon written demand by such employee, to furnish to him, within ten days from the application for the same, a full statement in writing of the cause or causes of his discharge, and if any such person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation as aforesaid shall refuse within ten days after demand as herein provided to furnish such statement to such discharged employee, it shall be ever after unlawful for any such person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation to furnish any statement of the cause of such discharge to any person or corporation or to in any way blacklist or to prevent such discharged employee from procuring employment elsewhere, subject to the penalties prescribed in section one of this act. And on the trial of any person, company or corporation for a violation of the provisions of this act, any other person who may have authorized or permitted, with knowledge and consent as aforesaid, any such offense, or who may have participated in the same, shall be a competent witness, and be compelled to give evidence, and nothing then said by such witness shall at any time be received or given in evidence against him in any prosecution against the said witness, except on an indictment for perjury in any matter to which he may have testified; and on the trial of any such person for any violation of this act, the prosecution shall have the authority and process of the court trying the case to compel the production in court, to be used in evidence in the case, the books and papers of any such person, company or corporation, and a failure to produce the same, after such reasonable notice as the court may in each case provide, shall be in contempt of court, and punishable as such against the custodian or person, company or corporation having the control or in charge of such books and papers, who shall fail to produce the same: Provided, That such written cause of the discharge, when so made as aforesaid, at the request of such discharged employee shall never be used as the cause for an action for slander or for libel, either civil or criminal, against the person or authority furnishing the same.

SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of any person, company or corporation who has received any request or notice in writing, sign, word or otherwise, from any other person, company or corporation, preventing or attempting to prevent the employment of any person discharged from the service of either of the latter, on demand of such discharged employee, to furnish to such employee within ten days after such demand, a true statement of the nature of such request or notice, and if in writing, a copy of the same, and if a sign, the interpretation thereof, with the name of the person, company or corporation furnishing the same, with the place of business of the person or authority furnishing the same; and a violation of this section shall subject the offender to all the penalties, civil and criminal, provided by the foregoing sections of this act.

SEC. 5. The provisions of this act shall apply to and prevent, under all the penalties aforesaid, railroad companies or corporations under the same general management and control but having separate divisions, superintendents or master mechanics, master machinists or similar officers, for separate or different lines, their officers, agents and employees, from preventing or attempting to prevent, the employment of any such discharged person by any other separate division, or officer or agent or employer of any such separate railroad line or lines.

GEORGIA.

CODE OF 1895-PENAL CODE.

FOURTH DIVISION.

Interfering with employment, intimidation, etc.

SECTION 119. If any two or more persons shall associate themselves together in any society or organization, with intent and for the purpose of preventing, in any manner,

or calling, or for the purpose of inducing, by persuasion, threats, fraud, or any other means, any apprentice or apprentices to any such trade, craft, vocation, or calling, to leave the employment of their employer, or for the purpose, by any means, of preventing or deterring any person from learning and practicing any such trade, craft, vocation or calling, every such person so associating himself in such society or organization shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 120. Upon the trial of any person under the preceding section, any person may be made a witness; and no statements made by him, on such trial, shall be given in evidence against him, except upon an indictment for perjury.

SEC. 123. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall prevent or attempt to prevent any person or persons in this State from engaging in, remaining in, or performing the business, labor or duties of any lawful employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. SEC. 124. If any person or persons, singly or together, or in combination, shall conspire to prevent or attempt to prevent any person or persons, by threats, violence or intimidation, from engaging in, remaining in, or performing the business, labor, or duties of any lawful employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 125. If any person or persons, singly or by conspiring together, shall hinder any person or persons who desire to labor from so doing, or hinder any person, by threats, violence or intimidation, from being employed as laborer or employee, such offender shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 126. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall hinder the owner, manager or proprietor for the time being from controlling, using, operating or working any property in any lawful occupation, or shall by such means hinder such person from hiring or employing laborers or employees, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

IDAHO.

CODES OF 1901.

Interference with miners.

SECTION 4687. In all cases where two or more persons associate themselves together for the purpose of obtaining the possession of any lode, gulch, or placer claim, then in the actual possession of another, by force and violence, or by stealth, and proceed to carry out such purpose by making threats against the parties in possession, or who enters upon such lode or mining claim for the purpose aforesaid, or who enters upon or into any lode, gulch, placer claim, quartz mill or other mining property, or, not being upon such property, makes any threats, or makes use of any language, signs or gestures, calculated to intimidate any person or persons at work on said property, from continuing to work thereon or therein, or to intimidate others from engaging to work thereon or therein, every such person so offending is guilty of a misdemeanor.

ILLINOIS.

ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1896.

CHAPTER 38.- Boycotting and blacklisting-Conspiracy.

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SECTION 96. If any two or more persons conspire or agree together, or the officers or executive committee of any society or organization or corporation shall issue or utter any circular or edict as the action of or instruction to its members, or any other persons, societies, organizations or corporations for the purpose of establishing a so-called boycott or black list, or shall post or distribute any written or printed notice in any places, with the fraudulent or malicious intent wrongfully and wickedly to injure the person, character, business or employment, or property of another, do any illegal act injurious to the public trade, health, morals, police, or administration of public justice, * they shall be deemed guilty of a conspiracy; and every such offender, whether as individuals or as the officers of any society or organization, and every person convicted of conspiracy at common law, shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not exceeding five years, or fined not exceeding $2,000, or both. To call out members of a trade union in order to procure the discharge of nonunion employees is not in itself a wrongful and wicked act for which prosecution can be had under this statute.

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CHAPTER 38.-Intimidation of employers and employees.

SECTION 294. If any two or more persons shall combine for the purpose of depriving the owner or possessor of property of its lawful use and management, or of preventing, by threats, suggestions of danger, or any unlawful means, any person from being employed by or obtaining employment from any such owner or possessor of property, on such terms as the parties concerned may agree upon, such persons so offending shall be fined not exceeding $500, or confined in the county jail not exceeding six months.

SEC. 295. If any person shall, by threat, intimidation or unlawful interference, seek to prevent any other person from working or from obtaining work at any lawful business, on any terms that he may see fit, such person so offending shall be fined not exceeding $200.

SEC. 296. Whoever enters a coal bank, mine, shaft, manufactory, building or premises of another, with intent to commit any injury thereto, or by means of threats, intimidation, or riotous or other unlawful doings, to cause any person employed therein to leave his employment, shall be fined not exceeding $500, or confined in the county jail not exceeding six months, or both.

CHAPTER 38.-Trespass on mines, factory premises, etc.

SECTION 439. Whoever, without authority of law and not being the owner or agent of adjoining lands, enters the coal bank, mine, shaft, manufactory, or place where workmen are employed, of another, without the expressed or implied consent of the owner or manager thereof, after notice that such entry is forbidden, shall be fined not exceeding $200, or confined in the county jail not exceeding six months, in the discretion of the court.

CHAPTER 114.-Strikes of railroad employees.

SECTION 128. If any locomotive engineer in furtherance of any combination or agreement, shall willfully and maliciously abandon his locomotive upon any railroad at any other point than the regular schedule destination of such locomotive, he shall be fined not less than twenty dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, and confined in the county jail, not less than twenty days, nor more than ninety days.

SEC. 129. If any person or persons shall willfully and maliciously, by any act or by means of intimidation, impede or obstruct, except by due process of law, the regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company or other corporation, firm or individual in this State, or of the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train of any such company, or the labor and business of any such corporation, firm or individual, he or they shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not less than twenty dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars ($200), and confined in the county jail not less than twenty nor more than ninety days.

SEC. 130. If two or more persons shall willfully and maliciously combine or conspire together to obstruct or impede by any act, or by means of intimidation, the regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company or any other corporation, firm or individual in this State, or to impede hinder or obstruct, except by due process of law, the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train on any railroad, or the labor or business of any such corporation, firm, or individual, such person shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine not less than twenty dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars, and confined in the county jail not less than twenty days, nor more than ninety days.

SEC. 131. This act, shall not be construed to apply to cases of persons voluntarily quitting the employment of any railroad company or such other corporation, firm or individual, whether by concert of action or otherwise, e[x]cept as is provided in section one [sec. 128] of this act.

ACTS OF 1899.

Employment of labor-Deception, unlawful force, etc.

(Page 139.)

SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, company, corporation, society, association or organization of any kind doing business in this State, by himself, themselves, his, its or their agents or attorneys, to induce, influence, persuade or engage workmen to change from one place to another in this State, or to bring workmen of any

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