weekly was resumed. It was a five-column paper at the start, and Democratic in politics. It was afterward enlarged to six columns and then to seven, and finally, when Orville Brown assumed control, it was enlarged to eight columns. May 25th, 1869, in company with E. C. Payne, Mr. Wise started the Mankato Review, and that in turn was merged with the Mankato Union October 31st, 1879, and later in the Free Press by Gen. James H. Baker. The Record was number one hundred of the Minnesota journals.

JOHN C. WISE.

John C. Wise was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, September 4th, 1834. He served his apprenticeship in the printing business, and in 1852, at the age of eighteen, became editor and publisher of the Maryland Whig, of Clearspring, Maryland. He afterwards had three years' experience in the Washington Globe office. 1855 he started the Superior Chronicle, in company with Washington Ashton. In 1858 he sold his share of the Chronicle to his partner, and returned to Washington.

Mr. Wise set the first type and did the first press work ever done at Superior. In the spring of 1859, he went to Mankato and started the Mankato Record, the first issue being dated July 4th, 1859. He ran it until he sold the plant to Orville Brown November 28th, 1868. May 25th, 1869, in company with E. C. Payne, he started the Review, a Democratic paper, in Mankato. In 1883 and 1885 his two sons, Charles E. and John C. Wise, Jr., became associated with him. September 12th, 1892, the first copy of the Daily Review was issued.

In public duties Mr. Wise was active. He was one of the trustees of the village of Mankato in 1865. Several terms he was president of the Board of Education of Mankato; and he was an incorporator of the Board of Trade, once its president, and twentytwo years one of its most active directors. He served on two committees for the relief of destitute settlers in southwestern Minnesota; was postmaster of Mankato in 1865, served one year, and then was reappointed and served a four years' term; and was a member of two Democratic national conventions.

An unassuming man, a dignified editor, ever active in good works for Minnesota and Mankato, he died with his harness still on, November 17th, 1900, at the age of sixty-six years.

THE WEEKLY JOURNAL,' NO. 2, OF WABASHA.

The hundred and first newspaper was the Wabasha Journal, No. 2, by H. C. Simpson. It began October 29th, 1859. The Journal started by Sanderson in 1856 has already been noticed. Simpson's Journal was started as an Independent, but August 11th, 1860, it became Republican. It was six columns in size. December 8th, 1860, the last number was issued in Wabasha. The good will was then transferred to N. E. Stevens of the Herald at Read's Landing, a rival town, and was called the Wabasha County Herald and Weekly Journal.

Simpson then advertised the press and material of his defunct paper for sale at one thousand dollars. It did not sell, and January 3rd, 1861, he began publication again at Volume 2, No. 6, in Lake City, as the Weekly Journal, W. J. Bright and H. C. Simpson editors, and H. C. Simpson, publisher. March 9th, 1861, the paper was enlarged to seven columns, and G. W. Marsh became associated as editor and proprietor, and E. Porter as associate editor. May 4th, 1861, Simpson left the, paper in the hands of Marsh and enlisted in the army. August 21st, 1861, Marsh announced that he must suspend unless Lake City came to his relief. Apparently Lake City did not come, for about that time the Journal died.

THE ROCHESTER CITY POST

was the hundred and second Minnesota journal. It was begun November 5th, 1859, by D. Blakeley and C. H. Blakeley, under the firm name of Blakeley and Brother. It was a seven-column weekly Republican sheet, and its place of publication was Rochester, Olmsted county. November 14th, 1863, the paper enlarged to eight columns, with D. Blakeley editor and publisher. It ran as an eightcolumn sheet until February 3d, 1866, when it became a six-column quarto, Leonard and Booth being the editors and proprietors. October 12th, 1867, it again became an eight-column sheet under the same management, and S. W. Eaton was made associate editor. The name was then changed to the Rochester Post, the word city being dropped. This paper is now the Rochester Post and Record.

THE ROCHESTER CITY NEWS.

C. W. Blaisdell, who started and ran the Wasioja Gazette as long as it lasted, also began the Rochester City News in the fall of 1859. The Chatfield Democrat of October 29th, 1859, says the Gazette was moved from Mantorville to Rochester for that purpose. In the fall of 1860, W. H. Mitchell and Dr. L. H. Kelly bought the material and began the Rochester Republican. This substantially agrees with the files of the Republican in the Historical Library. Volume II, No. 18, March 5th, 1862, is the first found there. It was printed in Rochester, Olmsted county, and was Republican in politics. Dating back, I find Volume I, No. 1, to be November 9th, 1860. And yet the Belle Plaine Inquirer under date of November 24th, 1858, says, "The Rochester News has been sold by Blaisdell to W. H. Mitchell and Co., and will be published as the Rochester Republican." This notice of the Inquirer must have been premature, to say the least of it, as Blaisdell in 1858 was running the Wasioja Gazette, and the Republican, according to its own files, did not begin until the latter part of 1860. There are no files of the News in the Historical Library or elsewhere that I know of. The News, like the Gazette, was Independent in politics, and it was number one hundred and three in the Minnesota list.

THE DAILY WINONA REVIEW.

The Winona Review was started by the Winona Republican, November 19th, 1859, at Winona. It was a small, three-column sheet, Republican in politics. It ran four weeks, and then its name. was changed to the Republican. It was the eighth Minnesota daily, and the first issued after Minnesota became a state.

THE RURAL MINNESOTIAN.

Regarding the Rural Minnesotian, of Wasioja, Dodge county, the Minnesota State News of St. Anthony says, under date of November 21st, 1860, that it has received the first number of the paper. That will give about November 15th, 1860, as the date of first issue. Neither its editor nor publisher is given, but it probably was intended to be the successor of the Minnesota Beacon, begun in December, 1859, by Rev. A. D. Williams and L. Mel Hyde. It seems to have suspended publication, however, because the Con

server of Hastings on August 8th, 1861, says it had resumed publication. Williams had then retired, and Hyde had the management. There is only a single number of the paper in the Historical Library. That is Volume I, No. 28, of August 29, 1861, marked "New Series." Dating back, No. 1 would be February 21, 1861, which probably gives the correct date of resumption after the first publication referred to by the News of St. Anthony in November, 1860. At the time of resumption it was a spicy, agricultural journal, published by L. Mel Hyde and C. H. Clay, under the firm name of L. Mel Hyde & Co. What its subsequent history was I do not know. It seems to have started in Minneapolis as a semimonthly, devoted to temperance. It was first issued there in 1858. In 1859 it became an agricultural weekly, and was removed to Wasioja in 1860, as above stated. It is listed one hundred and fourth in the newspaper list.

MINNESOTA BEACON.

The Minnesota Beacon was started in Minneapolis December 1st, 1859, by L. Mel Hyde and Rev. A. D. Williams. It was an eight-page, four-column, semi-monthly journal, devoted to temperance and agriculture. In July, 1860, it was moved to Wasioja, Dodge county. The last number in the Historical Library is the issue of September 15th, 1860. I cannot find that it ran any longer. The number of the Beacon in regular course is one hundred and five.

THE HASTINGS DEMOCRAT.

The first issue of the Hastings Democrat was dated December 3rd, 1859. Charles P. Adams was editor and publisher. May 5th, 1860, the firm of publishers became Charles P. Adams & Co. The issue of December 8th, 1860, has the name of John R. Mars as publisher. Adams, the editor of the paper, was a Democrat of the outspoken type, and strongly opposed to the Civil War. November 20th, 1860, he said in an editorial, "Accursed be the hand. that draws a sword to sever the ties that bind the South and the North in one common brotherhood."

His opposition to the war rose to such a pitch that it was thought that one of his later editorials would call out a mob for the destruction of his paper. His reply to this exhibition of feel

ing against him was characteristic of the man, as follows: "We hope these gentlemen will be honorable enough to give us fifteen minutes before they unceremoniously obtrude themselves into our sanctum, for we are anxious to give them a proper reception and a free ticket to their master with the long tail and cloven foot on the other side of Jordan."

The Civil War began, however, and then, patriotism overcoming party feeling, he said in words that will live, "The War has begun, and the Federal Government must be preserved."

He turned his efforts at once to the work of raising a military company, and on April 26th, 1861, was elected captain of the Hastings Volunteers, and the Democrat ceased publication. His company joined the famous First Minnesota, and he became lieutenant colonel of the regiment. He was finally made a brigadier general, served to the close of the War, and died on his farm in Vermillion township, Dakota county, November 2nd, 1893, at the age of sixtythree years.

The Hastings Democrat numbered one hundred and six in the list of Minnesota journals.

THE MINNESOTIAN AND TIMES

Their

was a combination of the St. Paul Times and Minnesotian. history up to the consolidation has been given in my first paper on the Territorial period. The combination undertook to carry an old and a new series, but beginning at different dates, the old series of volume and number joined into the new with no more success than the unevenly matched team of editors worked the combination. The first number was issued December 8th, 1859, and the paper lasted until July, 1860, when the partnership was dissolved. They then tried again to run separately but failed, and Governor Marshall absorbed both in the St. Paul Press early in 1861. To properly identify this journalistic combination, I place the Minnesotian and Times as number one hundred and seven in the list of Minnesota newspapers.

THE DAILY MINNESOTIAN AND TIMES.

The daily of the Minnesotian and Times was begun December 8th, 1859. and was issued until July, 1860, as above stated. It was the ninth daily printed in Minnesota, and the second after the state was admitted.