Dr. Eeepweln SHORT-STORY WRITING A course of forty lessons in the history, form, struc- School of Business Training Nearly 1,000 graduates teaching commercial subjects. Oldest, most successful Normal Commercial Department in New England. Strong bookkeeping, stenographic, secretarial, civil service, and special courses. Summer courses. Write for catalog-E. BAY PATH INSTITUTE, Springfield, Mass. NEW YORK JUNIOR PLATTSBURG Shoreleigh-on-Lake Champlain NAVAL INFANTRY Fundamental military training and modern warfare tank, machine guns, hand grenades, military map-making and all forms of trench warfare. Military Training conducted by United States Army and Naval Officers aided by British, Canadian, French and Italian Officers who have served in the present war. Special Training Practical training by specialists in automobile assembling, maintenance, starting and ignition; instruction in ground work of aeroplanes (on flying); hydroplane; motor boats; road building; drainage; sanitation; war farming and gardening; food conservation; civil engineering; electrical apparatus; in general repairing and assembling; refrigerating; telegraphing and wireless. Previous Military Training Cadets who have had previous military training in any camp, school, college or university, will immedi ately upon the opening of the camp be tried out and those who in the judgment of the commandant prove themselves capable will be designated commissioned or non-commissioned cadet-officers. It is desired, in apportioning the six hundred cadets for the tour of duty in 1918 among the educational institutions of the United States, to make the constituency of the Camp thoroughly representative and national. It is therefore proposed, as far as practicable, to limit the number of students from any one institution, and for the present, at least, to admit only four from a single school. June 29th to 1918 Encampment-60 Days August 29th Maintenance and military training, $250.00 Write for full information to The Chief Officer, JUNIOR PLATTSBURG 8 West 40th Street, New York NEW YORK St. John's Riverside Hospital Training YONKERS, NEW YORK Registered in New York State, offers a 3 years' course-a general training to refined, educated women. Requirements one year high school or its equivalent. Apply to the Directress of Nurses, Yonkers, New York. NEW YORK CITY LIBRARY SCHOOL of THE NEW YORK "PUBLIC LIBRARY NURSING COURSE BOYS' CAMPS CAMP WAKE ROBIN Woodland, N. Y. 14th SEASON. YOUNGER BOYS EXCLUSIVELY Woodcraft,nature study, manual training, all sports and swimming. H. O. LITTLE, Lincoln High School, Jersey City, N. J. Camp Chenango Cooperstown, N. Y. on Otsego Lake. For boys. Boating, Swimming, Mountain Climbing, Tennis, Baseball, Basket-ball. Best of food. Manual training, nature study, woodcraft, farming, Character building. Moderate Rates. NO EXTRAS! Tutoring, Write A. E. LOVELAND, B. S., Commercial High School, Brooklyn, New York. DAN BEARD WOODCRAFT SCHOOL AND CAMP Address WINTER QUARTERS CAMPS MR. BRYANT. MR. CLENDENIN. MISS DODGE. IDEAL CAMP PROPERTY. Running water and thorough sanitation. Clay tennis courts, ample grounds for all sports. Camp farm of 200 acres provides fresh vegetables, milk, cream and poultry. EQUIPMENT. Colony of permanent bungalows, dining veranda, and hall for daily community interests. HANDICRAFTS. All crafts taught by expert counselors in separate well-equipped shops. Practical first aid. WAR SERVICE TRAINING. Red Cross unit. SPORTS. Fleet of canoes, sandy beach for bathing. Saddle horses shown in cut are furnished without charge. Instruction given and supervision insuring safety. MOUNTAIN TRIPS. Properly chaperoned and led by directors familiar with the trails. MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT. Quinibeck songs, orchestra, choir, dramatics, dancing. CAMP AIMS. Friendships, comradeship, new life in the open, character building, appreciation of nature, and high ideals. Illustrated Booklet and Inquiry address FRANK BRYANT, 466 E. 17th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. CAMP ALLEGRO for Girls SILVER LAKE, NEW HAMPSHIRE Accessible but in beautiful and secluded location. Land and water sports. Mountain climbing. Music. Dramatics. Red Cross Branch. Moderate fee. For illustrated booklet address Mrs. Blanche Carstens, 523 Washington St., Brookline, Mass. SARGENT CAMPS for Girls DR. D. A. SARGENT, President. Illustrated Catalog. SECRETARY, Cambridge, Mass. Food Marketing. Food Rationing Delays in the Mails Cartoons of the Week.. The Gore Bill.... A Generous Giver. 569 569 569 570 570 571 572 572 573 573 574 The United Allies.. The People's War.. In Hoc Signo Vinces. By Clinton Scollard Weekly Outline Study of Current History 5 By J. Madison Gathany, A.M. Rehabilitating the Interned German Ships 594 The New Books To Readers Desiring Information About Investments.. Buy a Bond (Poem)... By Theodosia Garrison By the Way... 60 "This kitchen is washable!" Here's a kitchen that is "bright and white" and washable throughout. This means it is finished with Valspar and Val-Enamel. VALSPAR is the famous water-proof varnish that isn't afraid of water-that never turns white-that is used for more household purposes than any other varnish. Valspar is best for all woodwork indoors and out, as well as for all furniture, because it's durable, spot-proof and washable. VAL-ENAMEL is an American product that is far better than any imported enamel. It starts white and stays white. It has long life and is easily applied. For very many rooms, especially if the popular colonial effect is desired, the best combination is water-proof, spot-proof and durable Valspar and Val-Enamel. SPECIAL OFFER If you wish to test Valspar send 20c in stamps and we will send you enough Valspar to finish a small table or chair. VALENTINE & COMPANY 440 Fourth Avenue, New York Inge Manufacturers of High-grade Varnishes in the World APRIL 10, 1918 HARVARD COLLEGE APR 24 1918 Offices, 381 Fourth Avenue, New YoAR On account of the war and the consequent delays in the mails, both in New York City and on the railways, this copy of The Outlook may reach the subscriber late. The publishers are doing everything in their power to facilitate deliveries FOCH: GENERALISSIMO The power just put into the hands of General Ferdinand Foch by the Allies is defined in the announcement by the English Prime Minister on March 30 in these words: The enemy has had the incalculable advantage of fighting as one army. To meet this the Allies have, since the battle began, taken a most important decision. With the cordial co-operation of the British and French Commanders-in-Chief, General Foch has been charged by the British, French, and American Governments to co-ordinate the action of the Allied armies on the western front. It is generally understood that the action now taken was seriously considered by the Supreme War Council of the Allies about two months ago, and that it was really this which caused such perturbation and opposition in certain quarters in Great Britain after Mr. Lloyd George's return from Paris. As a result the proposal to put supreme command into one man's hands was for the moment abandoned. Its imperative need has been shown by the new German offensive, and especially so because in its southern attack the offensive struck close to the point where the British and French forces meet on the line of defense. There was already a liaison, or plan for mutual action, in existence, but the present juncture calls for large movements of troops of both armies in unison and harmony. Never was there a case where division of command might be so disastrous. Among the French commanders none, unless perhaps it be Pétain, could be regarded as General Foch's equal for this supreme office. Ferdinand Foch (the name is, we understand, pronounced with the soft ch-Fosh-as a French word, rather than with the guttural ch as in German) was born in the south of France, and is said to be of mingled Basque and Alsatian blood and to derive his name from the latter source-many of the Alsatians who have been ardent French patriots for generations have names which are German in form. General Foch has been called by his former chief, General Joffre," the first strategist in Europe." His training was gained in the French artillery. He is sixty-six years old; so that we have facing one another in supreme command of the two armies on the western front two men each above sixty-five years of age. General Foch has in the highest degree the confidence of his officers and men. By the latter, indeed, he is regarded as having almost miraculous powers of quick determination and infallible judgment. His prime military dogma is said to be, “First find out your enemy's weak point, and then concentrate your blows there." It was this axiom which he applied in his famous attack at the Battle of the Marne. Neither Foch nor Manoury nor Joffre singly won the Battle of the Marne, but the deep and wise planning of Joffre and the quick eyes, rapid brains, and lightning-like action of the other two commanders saved Paris and France and Europe. Equally brilliant was General Foch's attack when the Germans were endeavoring to head off the Allies near Ypres and both armies were rushed northward in a race to reach the seacoast first. It was General Foch who at this time stopped the German drive toward Calais and won the race to the sea. Many are the stories of Foch's brilliant retorts and orders. To an officer who declared that his men were exhausted Foch xclaimed: "So are the Germans. Attack!" Every one has heard of Foch's despatch to Marshal Joffre when the balance of victory was hanging even at the Marne: "My right wing has been driven back; my left wing is crushed; I shall attack with my center." THE GERMAN ADVANCE CHECKED The fierce German drive to the westward over the plains of Picardy in its second week apparently exhausted, at least for a time, the tremendous momentum of its unprecedented thrust. The first week (March 21-28) left the Germans in possession of Albert in the center of the line and of Noyon in the extreme southeastern end of the line, while their general advance stretched from fifteen to twenty miles westward of a line passing through the three important towns of Bapaume, Péronne, and Nesle. The spearhead, as military men say, of the attack was, and is, directed at Amiens, and here the distance from the German outposts to the city is, as we write, about twelve miles. Happily, we have the assurance of the new Commander-in-Chief, General Foch, under date of April 1, that Amiens is safely guarded and that it will be protected from assault. The eagerness of the Germans to gain the city of Amiens is easily understood when it is remembered that it is not only in itself a large and important town and a center of highroads and railways, but that it is, in a direct line, not over sixty miles from the English Channel. The port on the Channel nearest to Amiens is the little seaside town of St. Valery, famous in history as the place from which William the Conqueror embarked for England. During the week ending April 2 attack after attack in the general direction of Amiens from the northeast and the south east was resisted and checked. Just west of Albert on the one hand, and just west of Mézières on the other, the assaults were terrific, but no essential German gains were made. Near Albert the British completely checked the enemy and held their positions. Near Mézières the battle-line wavered back and forth through several small towns, but the French, who had been moved northward to aid the British, were in the main successful. For instance, the small towns of Moreuil and Demuin were the scenes of severe engagements, and the former at least changed hands two or three times. Apart from the drive toward Amiens, the most important battle front was that to the northward, around Arras. Here the Germans found a very different situation from that which existed when they were advancing over nearly level ground. The defenses of Arras and Vimy Ridge behind proved an insuperable obstacle. The fighting about Arras on Thursday, March 28, has not been surpassed in violence in any part of this movement. The magnitude of the attack was lost sight of in the despatches because of the extremely critical position farther south, but the defense will long stand as one of the finest achievements of the British army. General Haig's forces in this vicinity maintained their position and beat off the enemy, inflicting, it is reported, tremendous losses. The week ending April 2 was for the most part one of concentration and recuperation for both the armies. Whether it will be followed by a second offensive of equal magnitude, or whether a counter-offensive will drive back the Germans, or whether they will "dig in" where they are and maintain their lines-these are questions which it is not possible to answer as we write. Looking at the war front in a broader sense, it is also a matter of speculation whether the Germans will continue, their desperate effort to break through the defense in the southern part of the British line, or whether they will inaugurate THE OUTLOOK It is impossible at this stage to form reliable estimates as to Most military writers agree that in this summer's campaigns the main offensive lies with the Germans. Their increase in forces and guns on the western line, following the breakdown of Russia, have made this almost certain. For the British, the French, and the Americans the part to be played will be that of grim, persistent, determined resistance. We who sit at home and read of terrible offensives like that which has been going on must not conclude that the war is going against us. In the earlier part of the war Great Britain and France showed indomitable and astonishing power of resistance when their forces were not yet fully ready to fight. Now they are ready and are abundantly supplied (as they were not in those earlier stages) with trained men and vast quantities of munitions. With such help as America can give them this year most assuredly they will hold fast and "carry on." And when this stage of the defensive ends, with German armies weakened and thinned out, and with American soldiers in hundreds of thousands coming from the training camps into the front line, the hour of our victory will approach. The next great campaign will see the Allies in the offensive all along the lines. A GOOD FRIDAY SLAUGHTER The German Emperor, in his letter of congratulation to the managers of the Krupp works at Essen because of their invention and manufacture of the gun which has been bombarding Paris at long range, expressed his Imperial thanks" for this achievement of German science and labor," but for once omitted to join the Almighty with him as a co-worker. This was perhaps fortunate, as all Christian peoples have been inexpressibly shocked by the slaughter of innocent noncombatants, largely women and children, in an unnamed church in Paris on Good Friday. It is known that over seventy-five people were killed and a still larger number wounded. This "achievement" is in line with the bombarding of cathedrals, the deliberate throwing of shells from airplanes on residential quarters of great cities, and the German complicity in the Armenian massacres. The indignation of the Pope has taken the form of a threat of public condemnation of Austria, so it is reported, unless Austrian responsibility in this massacre is disavowed. AMERICANS TO THE FRONT General Pershing's assurance in a formal conference with General Foch that the entire American force in France was at the immediate disposal of the Allies was something more than a formal recognition of General Foch's new authority. It was an expression of American determination to put its army on the fighting line as fast and as far as military consideration make possible. As General Pershing stated in his cable message to our General Staff, all our resources are available and all our divisions will be used if and when needed. Enthusiasm in the ranks of the Army in France on learning of this assurance was spontaneous and eager. One description says: The order to prepare to march was received by the men with cheers; their cheerfulness was enhanced by the prospect of early action; the whistling and singing about the camps increased; they rejoiced at the prospect of participation in the greatest of battles, and they marched out of the villages where they were billeted with songs on their lips: Republic," "Tipperary," and "Where Do We Go From Here?" The Battle Hymn of the It is known that certain of our divisions have already moved northward toward the scene of immediate conflict, 66 and, under the general direction of the French command ing. An apparently authorized Washington despatch speed is being shown in the sending abroad of the forces TENNESSEE FOR LAW AND ORDER up Lynchings and other forms of mob violence have st the people of Tennessee to take public action in behalf maintenance of law and order. We learn from the Na pices of the Law and Order League of that city for the pr "Banner" of a recent meeting held at Nashville under the of considering what could be done to protect the good ma the State from the damage inevitably done to it by mob letters, telegrams, and resolutions from civic bodies threag lence. The meeting was attended by representative the State were received commending the movement. One of t significant addresses is recorded by the Nashville "Banner" follows: The next speaker called upon was Senator W. R. Webb. H referred to the great value of a good name, whether it be of the individual, a firm, corporation, commonwealth, or political uni "You may go back to the most barbaric land and you will find an act more savage than the lynchings here in Tennessee. "I want to affirm that a mob is a coward. No matter what the crime, a man has a right, a Constitutional right, to a trial, an should be turned over to the officials and given trial. "If we are going to have law and order, we must train ou people in the elementary principle of law; we must start the training in the family. "It has always stirred my indignation when colored peopl have been mistreated, for they are of the weaker class. "My mother was protected by Negroes during the Civil Wr while she lived on an isolated farm. Her six boys were in the Confederate army, and she was entirely safe." Some very vigorous resolutions, reported by the Resoluti Committee, of which Dr. Bruce R. Payne, the distinguish head of Peabody College in Nashville, was chairman, were ra following paragraph: and adopted. The spirit of these resolutions is indicated by th We record our solemn protest against the atrocities which have been perpetrated by the mobs which have lynched men in Tennessee in the past. However brutal may have been the crimes which have provoked such mob violence, we find no extenuation, no alleviation, in the abrogation of law. We have the strong conviction that lynching is unjustifiable under any and all circumstances, and is wrong in the sight of man and in the sight of God. Mob violence is an economic, social, and moral evil, and a peril that must be stopped. It is a cure for nothing: it aggravates rather than prevents crime. Mobs are a menace to civilization—they make no distinctions, violate all reason, and set no limits to their passions. The resolutions adopted called for the organization of a Law and Order League and for the creation of similar lo hope the new State Law and Order League of Tennessee wi organizations in all communities throughout the State. W familiarize itself with the work of the State Police in Pennsy vania and New York, about which remarkable agencies for lav and order The Outlook has recently had a good deal to s The State Troopers of Pennsylvania and New York have b able to solve problems in suppressing sporadic and organize violence that have so far been insoluble for local police or eve for State militia. This is very clearly proved by Miss Katherin Mayo's remarkable book "Justice to All," which is publishe by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. the serious condition of illiteracy in this country as "being om Secretary Lane has written to us, calling our attention to of urgency upon which the country should act.” In a statemen: THE IMPORTANCE OF AMERICANIZATION |