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THE HANOUM CAMPS

THETFORD, VERMONT

Hill Camp for girls under 15-Lake Camps for those
over 15. Riding, swimming, canoeing, gypsy trips.
Our girls go home strong in body, mentally alert, and
inspired with the highest ideals. Tenth year. Illus-
trated booklet.

PROFESSOR and MRS. FARNSWORTH
Teachers College, New York City, N. Y.
All counselor positions filled

CAMP ABENA for Girls

BELGRADE LAKES, MAINE

All usual camp activities. Red Cross War Service Work and First Aid. 12th season. Illustrated booklet. Junior and Senior Groups.

Miss HORTENSE HERSOM, The Lenox, Washington, D. C.

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Buy Liberty Bonds..

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Mr. Lloyd George on the Battles in Picardy..

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The Second German Offensive..

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So, if this story of Drowsy seems a fairy tale, let us remember that the Atlantic Cable would be a fairy tale to Columbus."

This, from the author's preface, indicates that the new novel by the editor of Life is more on the lines of "Amos Judd," "The Pines of Lory" and "The Last American than like his more recent novel, "Pandora's Box." It is the somewhat romantic narrative of a woman and a reckless lover, whose control of waves of thought brings about exciting and significant happenings.

DROWSY

is the title (that was the nickname given the hero because of his unusual eyes).

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The author is

JOHN AMES MITCHELL

Net $1.50

The Load (Poem)...

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By William T. Ellis

Current Events Illustrated...

Revolutionary Leaders..

By Aino Malmberg

Weekly Outline Study of Current History 676

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"Our Brothers "

By Bessie Beatty

By J. Madison Gathany, A.M.

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BY SUBSCRIPTION $4.00 A YEAR. Single copies 10 cents.
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Index and Title-page for Volume 118 (January 2-April 24, 1918) of The Outlook, printed separately for binding, will be furnished gratis, on application, to any reader who desires them for this purpose

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THE STORY OF A BIT OF

WOOD

BY CHARLES E. FINCH

Director of Immigrant Education in Rochester, New York In a men's class in a Sunday-school a speaker had been telling the men about what was being done to make our foreignborn realize the advantages of American citizenship as well as sense its obligations. He had surprised his hearers by telling them that practically every third person in certain wards of their city was an alien; he had stated that the evening schools were almost the only agency making an effort to help those who desired to take steps toward American citizenship; and he had closed with an appeal to every man present to do his bit in the great task of Americanization.

At the close of the talk one of the members of the class rose and said that he would like to relate an interesting experience which was called to mind by the remarks of the speaker. He then told the class that on going into his cellar to see whether some wood, recently delivered, had been properly cared for, he had discovered some writing on one of the bits on the outside of the pile. He picked it up and read, "I pledge allegiance to my flag, one nation, independent, with liberty and justice for all." When Tony, who delivered the wood, was questioned, he said that he had learned the pledge in evening school and had written it on this bit of wood in his spare time.

To all who are familiar with this pledge it will at once be evident that this industrious toiler from across the sea had failed to record correctly one of the very important words. He had written "independent" instead of "indivisible."

In this seemingly slight error lies the story. The foreign-born, left to themselves, limited by their own language, surrounded by their own people, and all too often only exploited by those from whom they have a right to expect help, come to see independence as the great thing in America, the good of the individual rather than the good of the country.

To-day, more than at any time since the Civil War, we are realizing the importance of " one nation indivisible." We have gradually sensed something of the meaning of thirteen million foreign-born people in this country, numbers of whom are aliens who do not even speak our language, who do not come in contact with our institutions, and in whom we have taken comparatively little interest. We are beginning to realize that the American melting-pot, tended by no one in particular, has not been able to do all that was so innocently expected of it.

State departments of education are beginning to realize that their task is only partly accomplished when the education of the children of the commonwealth has received attention.

The best results are being obtained in communities where there is definite and helpful co-operation between manufacturing establishments and the night schools.

The manufacturer and the educator doubtless have a large share in working out this problem, but we shall not reach the full solution until every American citizen has a far keener appreciation of the true value and real meaning of his citizenship. Like Tony, we must all be made to realize that one nation, indivisible" is not only important but is abolutely necessary if we are to have "liberty and justice for all."

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They have been called to the colors. They have entered the trenches. Their existence is imperiled every day by bomb and firebrand of alien enemies. Insurance companies report that firebugs destroyed nearly $50,000,000 worth of American property last year.

America's factories have gone to war, and they must keep to their trenches. They must produce, produce, and then produce. This is a war not merely of man against man, but of food against famine, of a free people's factories against the Kaiser's factories.

Would you send your boy into the trenches with neither machine guns nor gas-masks? How then can you draft your factories into service without the best defensive weapons obtainable against fire?

What the machine gun is to our boys in the trenches against the onrushing Germans, so the Grinnell Sprinklers are to the onrushing flames. Undismayed by heat or smoke, the little mechanical sentries wait in military array up on the ceiling. Snap-snap-snap! go the sentries; not the rattle of guns, but the snap of mechanical triggers touched off by the heat. Instantly the enemy flames are routed and drowned by a barrage of water. This is happening almost every hour somewhere among the many thousand great factories equipped with Grinnell Sprinklers.

No matter what type of automaticsprinkler system you have, it can be made proof against malicious tampering by alien enemies determined to burn your property. An electrically controlled automatic system does it. Better than several additional watchmen. We shall be glad to give you full particulars about this Sprinkler Supervisory Service."

Don't theorize-get the figures! Address the General Fire Extinguisher Co., 289 West Exchange St., Providence, R. I.

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MAY 13 1918

LIBRAR

The Outlook

APRIL 24, 1918

Offices, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York

On account of the war and the consequent delays in the mails, both in New York City and on the railways, this copy of
The Outlook may reach the subscriber late. The publishers are doing everything in their power to facilitate deliveries

In next week's issue of The Outlook will be published an authorized interview with Count Masataka Terauchi, Premier of Japan, by Mr. Gregory Mason, Staff Correspondent of The Outlook in Japan. In this interview the Japanese Premier discusses freely and officially the relations, present and future, of Japan with Russia, Germany, and the Allies. No more important piece of correspondence has appeared in The Outlook since that recording the interview by Mr. Mason in 1915, in Petrograd, with Sergius Sazonoff, the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, which was widely quoted and commented upon in Europe and in the East as well as in America.-THE EDITORS.

BUY LIBERTY BONDS

THE WEEK

Turn over these leaves and read the two songs by soldiers on another page. When you have finished them, we guarantee that you will want to buy another Liberty Bond. The spirit that these songs express pervades every camp of our Army and every ship of our Navy. Such soldiers and sailors deserve the very best backing that we who are compelled to stay at home can give them.

When these lines reach our readers, the country will have entered upon the third week of the Liberty Loan campaign. At this writing the work is being carried on with enthusiasm and with a patriotic response. No one believes that the loan will fail of complete subscription. But it is not sufficient for the American people to take the three billion dollars offered. Their patriotism and determination can be measured properly only by a large over-subscription. Do not hesitate to subscribe because you can take only a little. Every fifty-dollar bond counts. Do not hesitate to talk to your neighbors and friends about buying. This is no time for reticence, reserve, or false modesty. We have the men, the finest men in the world. We need ships, airplanes, shells, powder, rifles, machine guns, and other equip

ment.

You may not be able to fight, but you can provide these things-most of all, the ships. Buy another fifty-dollar bond today, and help the Government to build ships. Don't be discour aged, but at the same time do not be too optimistic. Do not refuse to buy your fifty-dollar bond because you think the banks are coming in with their millions. For two years we have lived in this country on the "Let-George-do-it" basis. Let's do it ourselves now. Three billion dollars is an enormous sum to raise. But the quicker, easier, and more completely we raise it, the more convinced will Germany be that we mean to see the thing through. If you have bought all the bonds for cash you can, buy some on the installment plan. Most Americans are afraid of the words "installment plan." No one need be afraid of the plan in buying Liberty Bonds. It is perhaps the most patriotic way in which bonds can now be bought. The man who buys on the installment plan is pledging a certain amount of his income for the next few months, to be paid regularly to the support of the Government. Make the last week of the campaign the best. Buy Liberty Bonds!

AUSTRIAN DUPLICITY EXPOSED

The resignation of the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister and Premier, Count Czernin, is a natural culmination of the recent revelations. These make it more than probable that Vienna has been playing a double part, both toward the Allies and toward Berlin. The simple truth of the matter is that, before the collapse of Russia, Austria was less afraid of Germany than she was of internal revolution, but that after the Russian collapse she

feared Germany more than anything else and dared not continue her disingenuous attempts to talk peace with the Allies.

Meanwhile Emperor Charles undertook the part of an amateur diplomat, with disastrous results. The weakness and contradictions of the statements given out at Vienna about the letter from the Emperor to Prince Sixtus, the Emperor's brother-inlaw, in Paris, are ludicrous. Not for a long time have comic paragraphists had such a resounding mother-in-law joke as the Vienna report that the Emperor's mother-in-law wrote the letter and he signed it. It is perfectly evident that, whether the Emperor wrote the entire letter with his own hand or not, he certainly signed the letter, and it is unbelievable that he was not aware of its contents. This letter was written in March, 1917.

We have, then, the almost confessed fact that in a letter from the Austrian Court which passed under the Emperor's eye, part of which he wrote, and which he signed, the fact was recognized that France had just claims to Alsace-Lorraine, and that the restoration and freedom of Belgium should be assured. Whether Count Czernin was or was not aware of this letter is a matter of minor importance. A German paper scores severely what it calls "the Emperor Charles's meddling in affairs," and adds the interesting information that a letter from Count Czernin to the Emperor Charles was read in a secret session of the Reichstag, in which Count Czernin said, "Austria wants, and in any event must have, peace by the winter of 1917."

The exposure involved in the publication of the famous letter and in the former declarations of the French Premier as to the advances made by Austria, together with the knowledge we have of the belief in this country that at one time Austria was making advances toward our Government-all go to show the falsity and the worthlessness of Austria's secret diplomacy. It is an open question even now whether Austria really was seeking some kind of an accommodation for her own benefit without regard to German aims and purposes, or whether she was simply "dragging a red herring across the trail" in order to lessen by false hopes and visions of a separate peace the war energies and fixed resolution of the Allies. In either case her action was contemptible, and the result was not merely a fiasco, but a humiliating and mortifying loss of international dignity.

MR. LLOYD GEORGE ON THE BATTLES IN PICARDY

The clearest account of the broad and essential features of the fierce battling of March 21 to March 28 was that made by the English Prime Minister before the House of Commons on April 9. He seemed to take his hearers into his full confidence. He did not minimize or conceal the seriousness of the attack; but his speech was firm, confident, and resolute. Particularly eloquent was his eulogy of General Foch and his demand for unity under the new Commander-in-Chief's leadership.

Among the statements which threw new light upon the course

of the earlier fighting was a recognition of the heroic and effective action of Brigadier-General Carey. It seems that General Gough, in command of the Fifth Army, which held the central part of the British line on the Somme, had fallen back, under the terrible impact of the German offensive, losing touch with the Third Army, under General Byng, to the north In his retreat there was also failure, it is charged, to destroy the bridges, as should have been done. Whether or not General Gough did all he could under the fearful attack is to be a subject of inquiry, and in the meantime he has been relieved from command. The immediate result, at all events, was that a gap was made in the line and for a time the road to Amiens was open, while the Third Army was desperately and gallantly fighting farther up the line. In this emergency, said Mr. Lloyd George, General Carey for days held the gap and blocked the enemy with engineers, electricians, laborers, signalers, and anybody who could hold a rifle. Another account says that General Carey improvised a staff as he went along, "officers learning the ground by having to defend it, and every man from enlisted man to brigadier jumping at each job as it came along." It is probable that there were Americans in this improvised army and that this explains the references in the despatches to" Americans fighting shoulder to shoulder with the British." Surely this whole episode is one that the world must later have more fully told.

Mr. George frankly stated that the German forces did not exceed the British in numbers when the battle began. They had, however, an advantage in that it was impossible to tell from which of three large German concentrations (north, central, and south) the attack would come. The level plains, the dry ground, the momentum of the massed attack, all helped the Germans' early success. It is a remarkable fact, and one creditable to the professional acumen of the new Chief of Staff of the British Army, Sir Henry Wilson, that he predicted to Mr. George two or three months ago precisely the attack that took place a wide front, south of Arras, the object being the capture of Amiens and the severance of the British and French armies. The conduct of the British army as a whole was praised in the warmest terms. We quote one passage: "The House can hardly realize, and certainly cannot sufficiently thank-nor can the country-our troops for their superb valor and the grim tenacity with which they faced overwhelming hordes of the enemy and clung to their positions. They retired, but were never routed, and once more the cool pluck of the British soldier, that refuses to acknowledge defeat, saved Europe."

THE SECOND GERMAN OFFENSIVE

On a much smaller scale, the German attack upon the British lines north of Arras has been a duplication of their earlier and larger effort to the south. The maps of the first and second offensive show the occupation by the German forces of areas broadly similar in shape and in practically the same proportions. The new attack, like the first one, has not yet succeeded in its main offensive. It is supplementary to the first attack and is intended to support that attack.

When the advance toward Amiens was checked, it became evident that the position of the Germans in the area newly gained could not be permanently held so long as their line was threatened, first, at the northeastern corner of the occupied territory, by the strong positions of the British forces to the north of Arras, and, second, at the southeastern corner of the territory, by the French.

Accordingly, the Germans first attacked at the southeast corner of their newly occupied area. They threw back the French from the woods of Coucy, but the only result was to leave the French in a very strong position on the southern side of the river Ailette. Then began the attack on the British in the section above Arras. This is still going on as we write, on April 16. The extent of the German progress from east to west has been something like fifteen miles. To the south the fighting pivoted on the little town of Givenchy. At the north the German waves have broken again and again upon the heights of Messines. At both these pivotal and critical points the British up to the time named had repelled or blocked the German efforts, with frightful German losses. But the capture of Bailleul, reported on April 16, was a serious loss; this, and the taking of other places near by,

led to the occupation by the Germans of some part of the Messines Ridge itself.

Every one remembers the brilliant and glorious fighting by which the heights of Messines were won by British valor. Equal valor and steadfastness have been shown in their defense. At Merville, near the apex of the German salient, many assaults have been delivered by the Germans, but the gains made in the first rush of their offensive have been only slightly increased. Armentières, the most important town taken in this drive, lies in a poorly defensible, low situation.

Reports from London under the date of April 15 assert that the force of the new and secondary drive has been spent and that the ultimate objects of the Germans are still completely out of their reach. These objects have been accurately outlined in orders taken from German officers made prisoners. They confirm the belief that Germany has been staking everything on breaking through the British lines and pushing to the coast either by the route of Amiens and Abbeville or, if the northern attempt proved the more successful, directly to Bonlogne or Calais. Thus they would cut the Allies' forces in two, and then, in all probability, attempt to hold the French back while driving the British northward to the Channel.

There still remains at least a possibility that this desperate scheme may succeed; but as week after week has gone by since it was initiated on March 21, the danger of Germany's success has lessened and the exhaustion of German forces has increased. The Allies are now thoroughly awake to every purpose of the German General Staff, and can concentrate their resistance with far more certainty than at the beginning of the offensives. It is at least within the bounds of probability also that General Foch may at any moment begin a counter-attack at whatever point he may deem the weakest in the now dangerously tended German lines.

In a section south of the two principal German offensives and near the great St. Mihiel salient American troops have been attacked repeatedly. They have borne themselves finely, have repelled assaults, and in one instance drove back Germans twice their number with German losses of at least seventy-five out of four hundred.

THE THIRD ARM OF THE SERVICE

The reports of the Senatorial investigation on aircraft production contain interesting information.

The report of the minority (Senators Sheppard, Myers, and Kirby, Democrats) states that soon after the war began the Signal Corps arranged with the French Government for the making of 6,100 planes at a total cost of $127,000,000. Under this arrangement, it says, as the American air squadrons reach the front planes are supplied to them. More over, the Signal Corps has shipped to France 11,000 tons 1 of various materials and has sent 7.000 mechanics. The Signal Corps arranged for the making of 11,500 planes other than training planes in this country. Of training planes there are some 3,500 completed.

The majority report (signed by Senators Chamberlain, Hitchcock, Reed, and Thomas, Democrats, and Frelinghuysen, Wadsworth, Sutherland, and Weeks, Republicans) states that we have manufactured 342 advanced-training planes, but that in combat planes there has been substantial failure. The report says:

We had no design of our own; neither did we adopt any one of the European designs until months after we entered the war. Of these the largest and most powerful is the Handley-Page heavy bombing machine... The designs and specifications of this plane... were offered to our officials as early as May, 1917. .. The Signal Corps finally decided upon the manufacture of a number of sets of parts of this machine about January 1, 1918. .. Officials of the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps testi fied that they do not expect the completion of the first set of parts in this country before the month of June, 1918.

...

With regard to the much-discussed Liberty motor, the majority report says that it is only "just emerging from the develop ment or experimental stage" that 22,500 Liberty motors have been ordered, of which 122 have been completed for the Army,

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