SPEECHES.

IN REPROOF OF PITT.

SIR, I was unwilling to interrupt the course of this debate, while it was carried on with calmness and decency, by men who do not suffer the ardor of opposition to cloud their reason, or transport them to such expressions as the dignity of this assembly does not adinit. I have hitherto deferred answering the gentleman, who declaimed against the bill with such fluency and rhetoric, and such vehemence of gesture; who charged the advocates for the expedients now proposed, with having no regard to any interest but their own, and with making laws only to consume paper, and threatened them with the defection of their adherents, and the loss of their influence, upon this new discovery of their folly and ignorance. Nor, sir, do I now answer him for any other purpose, than to remind him how little the clamor of rage and petulancy of invective contribute to the end for which this assembly is called together; how little the discovery of truth is promoted, and the security of the nation established, by pompous diction and theatrical emotion.

Formidable sounds and furious declamation, confident assertions and lofty periods, may affect the young and inexperienced; and perhaps the gentleman may have contracted his habits of oratory by conversing more with those of his own age, than with such as have more opportunities of acquiring knowledge, and more successful measures of communicating their sentiments.

If the heat of his temper, sir, would suffer him to attend to those whose age and long acquaintance with business give them an indisputable right to deference and superiority, he would learn in time to reason rather than declaim; and to prefer justness of argument and an accurate knowledge of facts, to sounding epithets and splendid

superlatives, which may disturb the imagination for a moment, but leave no lasting impression on the mind. He would learn, sir, that to accuse and prove are very different; and that reproaches, unsupported by evidence, affect only the character of him that utters them. Excursions of fancy and flights of oratory are indeed pardonable in young men, but in no other; and it would surely contribute more, even to the purpose for which some gentlemen appear to speak (that of depreciating the conduct of administration), to prove the inconveniences and injustice of this bill, than barely to assert them, with whatever magnificence of language, or appearance of zeal, honesty, or compassion.

HORACE WALPOLE.

REPLY.

SIR, The atrocious crime of being a young man, which the honorable gentleman has with such spirit and decency charged upon me, I shall neither attempt to palliate nor deny; but content myself with wishing that I may be one of those whose follies may cease with their youth, and not of those who continue ignorant in spite of age and experience.

Whether youth can be attributed to any man as a reproach, I will not, sir, assume the province of determining; but surely age may justly become contemptible, if the opportunities which it brings have passed away without improvement, and vice appear to prevail when the passions have subsided. The wretch, who, after having seen the consequences of a thousand errors, continues still to blunder, and in whom age has only added obstinacy to stupidity, is surely the object either of abhorrence or contempt, and deserves not that his grey head should secure him from insults. Much more, sir, is he to be abhorred, who, as he has advanced in age, has receded from virtue, and become more wicked with less temptation-who prostitutes himself for money which he cannot enjoy, and spends the remains of his life in the ruin of his country.

But youth, sir, is not my only crime: I have been accused of acting a theatrical part. A theatrical part may either imply some peculiarities of gesture, or a dissimulation of my real sentiments, and the adoption of the opinions and language of another man.

In the first sense, sir, the charge is too trifling to be confuted, and deserves only to be mentioned that it may be despised. I am at liberty, like every other man, to use my own language; and, though I may perhaps have some ambition to please this gentleman, I shall not lay myself under any restraint, nor very solicitously copy his diction or his mien, however matured by age or modelled by experience.

But if any man shall, by charging me with theatrical behaviour, imply that I utter any sentiments but my own, I shall treat him as a calumniator and a villain; nor shall any protection shelter him from the treatment which he deserves. I shall, on such an occasion, without scruple, trample upon all those forms with which wealth and dignity intrench themselves, nor shall anything but age restrain my resentment; age, which always brings with it one privilege, that of being insolent and supercilious without punishment.

But with regard, sir, to those whom I have offended, I am of opinion, that if I had acted a borrowed part, I should have avoided their censure; the heat which offended them is the ardor of conviction, and that zeal for the service of my country, which neither hope nor fear shall influence me to suppress. I will not sit unconcerned while my liberty is invaded, nor look in silence upon public robbery. I will exert my endeavours, at whatever hazard, to repel the aggressor and drag the thief to justice, whoever may protect him in his villany, and whoever may partake of his plunder.

PITT, afterwards LORD CHATHAM.

ON THE AMERICAN WAR.

I CANNOT my Lords. I will not join in congratulation on misfortune and disgrace. This, my Lords, is a perilous and tremendous moment. It is not a time for adulation the smoothness of flattery|

cannot save us in this rugged land awful crisis.

It is now necessary ↑

to instruct the throne in the language of truth. We must if possible, dispel the delusion and darkness which envelop it and display, in its full danger and genuine colors, the ruin\which is brought to our doors. Can ministers still presume to expect support in their infatuation? Can parliament be so dead to its dignity and duty, as to give their support to measures thus obtruded and forced upon them? \ Measures, my Lords, which have reduced this late flourishing empire to scorn and contempt! "But yesterday, and Britain/ might have stood against the world; now, none so poor as to do her reverence: "The people, whom we at first despised as rebels, but whom we now Jacknowledge as enemies,) are abetted against us,/ supplied with every military store, have their interest consulted and their ambassadors entertained by our inveterate enemy and ministers do not, and dare not,terpose with dignity or effect. The desperate state of our army broad is in part known. No man more highly esteems and honors the British troops than I do I know their virtues and their valor; I know they can achieve anything but impossibilities; and I know that the conquest of British America is an impossibility! You cannot, my Lords,) you cannot 1 conquer America. What is your present situation there? We do not know the worst ; but we know that in three campaigns we have done nothing, and suffered much. You may swell every expense,\ accumulate every assistance, and extend your traffic to the shambles of every German despot your attempts will be for ever vain and impotent+doubly so, indeed, from this mercenary aid on which you rely; for it irritates, to an incurable resentment, the minds of your adversaries to overrun them with the mercenary sons of rapine and plunder,(devoting them and their possessions to the rapacity of hireling cruelty. If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, 1 while a foreign troop was landed in my country, I never would lay down my arms-Never, never, never !/

But, my Lords, who is the man, that, in addition to the disgraces | and mischiefs of the war, has dared to authorise and associate to our arms the tomahawk \and scalping-knife of the savage? to call into civilized alliance the wild and inhuman inhabitant of the woods?

to delegate to the merciless Indian the defence of disputed rights, and to wage the horrors of his barbarous war against our brethren? My Lords, these enormities cry aloud for redress and punishment. But, my Lords this barbarous measure has been defended not only on the principles of policy and necessity but also on those of morality: "for it is perfectly allowable' says Lord Suffolk, f' to use all the means which God and nature have put into our hands”). I am astonished I am shocked, to hear such principles confessed to hear them avowed in this house or in this country My Lords,JI | did not intend to encroach so much on your attention, but I cannot repress my indignation I feel myself impelled to speak./ My Lords, we are called upon as members of this house, as men, as Christians to protest against such horrible barbarity!"That God and nature have put into our hands"! What ideas of God and nature that noble lord may entertain, I know not but I know, that such detestable principles are equally abhorrent to religion and humanity. What! to attribute the sacred sanction of God and nature to the massacres of the Indian scalping knife! to the cannibal savage, torturing, murdering, devouring, drinking the blood of his mangled victims! Such notions shock every precept of morality, every feeling of humanity, every sentiment of honor These abominable principles, and this pnore abominable avowal of them demand the most decisive indignation.

I call upon that right reverend and this most learned bench to vindicate the religion of their God, to support the justice of their country. I call upon the Bishops, to interpose, the unsullied sanctity of their lawn upon the Judges to interpose the purity of their ermine, to save us from this pollution. I call upon the honor of your Lordships, to reverence the dignity of your ancestors, and to maintain your own I call upon the spirit and humanity of my country to vindicate the national character. Ifinvoke the Genius of the Constitution. From the tapestry that adorns these walls, the immortal ancestor of this noble Lord frowns with indignation at the disgrace of his country. In vain did he defend the liberty, and establish the religion of Britain, against the tyranny of Rome, if these worse than Popish cruelties, and inquisitorial practices, are endured